56results about How to "Signal-to-noise ratio" patented technology

A method and system for tracking a hover event on a digitizer sensor that treats hover and touch events differently comprises configuring at least one parameter of the digitizer sensor for hover tracking; wherein the at least one parameter is configured differently than for touch tracking, and detecting a pattern of input signals from a plurality of conductive lines on the digitizer sensor defining a tracking point responsive to the pattern of hover input signals detected.

Improper microphone position and speech level on a telephone headset is sensed by comparison of a speech envelope to multiple signal threshold levels. A first threshold is used to determine whether a headset user is talking. A second threshold is used to determine whether a signal level at the microphone is sufficiently strong for proper communication. An indicator is activated when the user is talking and the signal level is too weak. Typically, a weak signal is caused by a mispositioned microphone or a user talking too softly.

A device for determining a vital sign of a subject comprises an interface that receives a data stream derived from detected electromagnetic radiation reflected from a region of interest including a skin area of the subject, said data stream comprising a data signal per skin pixel area of one or more skin pixels for a plurality of skin pixel areas of said region of interest, a data signal representing the detected electromagnetic radiation reflected from the respective skin pixel area over time. An analyzer analyzes spatial and/or temporal properties of the skin area. A processor determines a vital sign information signal of the subject based on the data signals of skin pixel areas within the skin area, and a post-processor determines the desired vital sign from said vital sign information signal, wherein said determined spatial and/or temporal properties are used by the processor for determining the vital sign information signal and/or by the post-processor for determining the desired vital sign.

An aspect of the present invention is the use of two criteria in channel estimation, e.g. a value related to the length of an estimated Channel Impulse Response (CIR) and a value related to a noise content of the received signal, e.g. a Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR). These parameters can be used for the post-processing algorithm. An advantage of the present invention is that it is much more robust against long channels and/or high noise contents in received signals. Additionally it has moderate implementation complexity.

An electromagnetic ultrasonic flaw detection method is provided which ensures highly accurate inspection of an interior surface of a fin-implanted heat transfer tube for detection of corrosion and requires less time for the inspection, no contact medium such as water, and less time and less costs for a pretreatment. The electromagnetic ultrasonic flaw detection method comprises: moving an EMAT 1 in a fin-implanted heat transfer tube 2 of an air cooling heat exchanger axially of the tube; causing the EMAT 1 to generate an axially symmetric SH wave 3 by utilizing an electromagnetic force to vibrate a tube body 11 of the fin-implanted heat transfer tube 2 to cause resonance; causing the EMAT 1 to detect a resonant frequency; and if the detected resonant frequency is different from a resonant frequency observed when the tube body 11 has a normal wall thickness, judging that an interior surface of the tube body 11 has a corroded portion.

A digital radar receiver generates the input signal which is a stream of complex numbers. The input signal is rearranged and sorted by measurement volumes, resulting in Doppler data vectors. Doppler data vectors are filtered using a number of different digital filters. The output Doppler data vectors of the filters together with the original Doppler data vector are the candidate signals. Each candidate signal is analyzed using several criteria in order to find the one signal which is most likely to be caused by precipitation and has the ground clutter removed by the filtering. The selected signal is then used to calculate the meteorological products. The selected signal is also used to derive a velocity value or velocity distribution while taking into account the effects of the filtering performed earlier.

A new, extremely sensitive, and rapid electronic detection method for direct detection of hybridized genomic targets to specific probes on the microarray is proposed. The method consists of fast electronic accumulation of the DNA target on a particular electrode site at the micro-electrode array, sequential electronic hybridization of oligonucleotide labeled metallic (nano)particles on the target DNA and monitoring the electrochemical AC impedance changes at the electrode site. The method is enhanced by electroplating over the DNA target which serves as the metallization template and over the particles which provide seeds for rapid electroplating. The AC impedance changes are monitored during the electroplating over the DNA target and between the array electrodes sites. The signal in the absence and presence of the target DNA is a difference between “no connection” and a “short” between the array electrodes

In part, the invention relates to fiduciary markers suitable for affixing to a patient that are detectable with respect an imaging modality such as MRI and methods of making the same. The markers include a paramagnetic material disposed therein that generates a distinguishable signal relative to a patient or other biological sample of interest during an imaging data collection session. Further, the markers demonstrate desirable signal to noise ratios across two or more MRI data collection procedures in one embodiment. The length of the markers is also adjustable by, for example, cutting or tearing a substrate upon which a substantially fluid-free region straddles a specified separation position on the substrate.

A system and methodology for encoding or decoding hidden data, such as a digital watermark, in raster media is provided in delta domain, a domain that creates a high-pass version of the raster media. Hidden data, such as a watermark, can be embedded in the general smooth region (low variance region) while a strong edge is preserved. A Mean-Square Error (MSE) reduction can be obtained by embedding the watermark in the delta domain. Using checkerboard-pattern watermark sequences and the delta domain, at least half of the total pixels in the image remain unchanged after watermark embedding. In order to recover the hidden data, some side information can be conveyed, in-band or out-of-band, to a decoder, such as various parameters used when performing the method. If protection from attacks, such as a JPEG encoding attack is desired, a location map can be provided to assist with hidden data recovery.

The invention is based on the idea of providing a method for high-resolution, waveform-preserving digitization of analog signals, wherein conventional scalar logarithmic quantization is transferred to multi-dimensional spherical coordinates, and the advantages resulting from this, e.g., a constant signal/noise ratio over an extremely high dynamic range with very low loss with respect to the rate-distortion theory. In order to make use of the statistical dependencies present in the source signal for an additional gain in the signal/noise ratio, the differential pulse code modulation (DPCM) is combined with spherical logarithmic quantization. The resulting method achieves an effective data reduction with a high long-term and short-term signal/noise ratio with an extremely small signal delay.

The invention relates to a projection system for producing attenuation components of projection data of a region of interest. The projection system comprises a projection data providing unit (1, 2, 6, 7, 8) for providing energy-dependent projection data of the region of interest. The projection system further comprises a calculation unit (12) for calculating different attenuation components generated by different attenuation effects from the energy-dependent projection data, wherein the different attenuation components contribute to the projection data and a transformation unit (13) for transforming the attenuation components such that a correlation of the attenuations components is reduced. The invention relates further to a corresponding projection method and a corresponding computer program.

This invention relates to a hyperspectral imaging system for denoising and/or color unmixing multiple overlapping spectra in a low signal-to-noise regime with a fast analysis time. This system may be configured to carry out Hyper-Spectral Phasors (HySP) calculations to effectively analyze hyper-spectral time-lapse data. For example, this system may be configured to carry out Hyper-Spectral Phasors (HySP) calculations to effectively analyze five-dimensional (5D) hyper-spectral time-lapse data. Advantages of this imaging system may include: (a) fast computational speed, (b) the ease of phasor analysis, and (c) a denoising algorithm to obtain the minimally-acceptable signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). An unmixed color image of a target may be generated. These images may be used in diagnosis of a health condition, which may enhance a patient's clinical outcome and evolution of the patient's health.

The current drivers of an emissive display device such as an OLED display are shut off to have minimum drain current when sub-pixel current is measured, in order to minimize dark current during sub-pixel current measurement. The current drivers in the sub-pixels not under test are biased in such a manner as to reduce their leakage current to a minimum. Therfore, the signal to noise ratio between the OLED sub-pixel current and the panel dark current can be maximized.

The invention relates to a local coil matrix and to a magnetic resonance scanner for operation by means of a low magnetic field. The local coil matrix according to the invention has a first coil winding and a second coil winding and a first low-noise pre-amplifier and second pre-amplifier, each electrically connected to a coil winding. The first coil winding has a broadband matching in a first frequency range at a Larmor frequency to the first pre-amplifier connected thereto.

A first and a second magnet are provided on a movable member so as to oppose to each other across a virtual plane. Each magnet is magnetized in a direction perpendicular to the movable member, so that the same magnetic poles of the magnets are opposed to each other. A hall IC is provided at a position more remote from the movable member than the magnets so as to be movable on the virtual plane relative to the movable member. A Y-parallel area is formed in a space equally distanced from the first and the second magnets, in which magnetic fields of the first and the second magnet rebel against each other, so that directions of the magnetic fields are so made to be in parallel to a stroke direction of the movable member. Robustness for a position gap between the magnets and the hall IC is improved.

The general field of the invention is that of optical devices for detecting the position/orientation of a helmet. The device according to the invention comprises an optional stationary light source, a stationary camera associated with an image processing system, and a helmet. The helmet has a scattering coating and includes at least one set of markers, each marker comprising at least a first optical element having a very low reflection coefficient, a very low scattering coefficient and a very high absorption coefficient in the visible range and in that of the light source. In one embodiment, each marker may also include a first optical element having a very high retroreflection coefficient and a very low scattering coefficient in the visible range. The marker may also include a second optical element having a high scattering or phosphorescence coefficient in the emission range of the light source.

A magnetoinductive flowmeter that serves to measure the flow rate of a moving medium incorporates a measuring conduit, a sampling-electrode channel extending through the wall of the measuring conduit, and a sampling electrode, which sampling electrode is positioned in the sampling-electrode channel in such fashion that its sampling-electrode head is recessed from the inner wall of the measuring conduit. A section of the sampling-electrode channel located in front of the sampling-electrode head and extending up to the interior of the measuring conduit is left as a free space. This results in an improved signal-to-noise ratio of a voltage signal collected at the sampling electrode.

A touch sensing apparatus includes an excitation source, a capacitor under test, a sampling circuit and a filter. The excitation source is used to generate an excitation signal having a first frequency. The capacitor under test is used to receive the excitation signal, and generate a sensing signal. The sampling circuit is used to sample the sensing signal to generate a digital output. The sampling circuit includes a pulse density modulation unit operating at a second frequency to generate the digital output, wherein the second frequency is higher than the first frequency. The filter is coupled to the pulse density modulation unit, and arranged to filter the digital output.

A system and method for performing initial synchronization during wireless sector searches. The system includes a first subsystem for coarse timing alignment including a decimator to reduce computational complexity and a long-lag differential correlator, a second subsystem for jointly estimating RTE and FFO utilizing a short-lag differential correlator, and a third subsystem for jointly detecting IFO and SID utilizing segmental FD MFs. The system and method of the present disclosure accounts for intercell interference, ICI, and multipath fading with assistance from inherent diversity.

A speech section detection apparatus capable of reliably detecting a speech section even in the case of a speech signal with low signal-to-noise ratio. The speech signal collected by a microphone and amplified by a line amplifier is converted by an A/D converter into a digital value, which is then stored in a memory. After removing noise from the digitized speech signal, the signal-to-noise ratio is improved by taking short-time auto-correlation and, when the signal level has continued to stay above a threshold value for a predetermined period, it is determined that a speech section has been detected. Further, a prescribed period before and after the thus determined speech section is also forcefully set as a target for extraction so that the beginning and end of the speech section can be reliably detected. Furthermore, to prevent noise from accumulating and causing the threshold value to increase excessively, the threshold value is updated as appropriate by multiplying a moving average taken over a prescribed period in a non-speech section by a predetermined factor, and by setting the resulting product as the threshold value.

A method of correctly estimating the frequency offset when the CPE modem has already acquired and is tracking the OFDM burst boundaries in an OFDM-based, wireless communication system. CPS data in an OFDM-based, wireless communication system is modulated as QPSK data in the training tones of the data burst. As long as some bursts have the CPS data modulation and some bursts do not have the CPS data modulation, the CPS data can be recovered. A slip results when there is a linear phase difference across the tones (after the FFT) between the current and the previous burst. This linear phase difference is generally taken care of by the channel estimation obtained using the pilot tones. This phase difference is however, now compensated for correct frequency offset estimation which occurs before the channel estimation and CPS decoding steps.