120 results about "Scattering coefficient" patented technology

The invention discloses an ecological environment detection method and system based on multispectral remote sensing fusion, and relates to remote sensing image processing. The method comprises the following steps: collecting multispectral remote sensing image data of a target area; performing multiband joint atmospheric correction processing on the multispectral remote sensing image according to the scattering coefficient, the atmospheric light value and the transmissivity of each band; performing foreground and background analysis on the corrected multispectral remote sensing image; fusing the vegetation area and the non-vegetation area of each wave band image by adopting different weight strategies to generate a multispectral fusion image; and extracting spectral features of the multispectral fusion image, constructing a standard vegetation spectral feature library, and identifying regions deviating from a standard vegetation spectrum through an anomaly detection algorithm according to the extracted spectral features to obtain various vegetation coverage rates. In view of low vegetation identification precision caused by direct foreground and background division of a multispectral remote sensing image under an atmospheric interference condition, vegetation division is performed after a clear image is obtained, so that the detection precision is improved.

The invention provides an underwater image enhancement method based on a water diffusion physical model, and relates to the technical field of underwater image enhancement, and the method comprises the steps: S101, inputting a local block of an underwater image to a convolutional neural network, and predicting an attenuation coefficient matrix and a diffusion matrix of a water body; s102, constructing a water diffusion control equation based on the attenuation coefficient matrix and the diffusion matrix of the water body; s103, performing multi-scale diffusion on the underwater image in a frequency domain based on a water diffusion control equation to obtain a reconstructed image; s104, recovering a color channel of the reconstructed image through a spectral transmittance model to obtain an enhanced image; and S105, outputting an enhanced image. According to the method, by estimating the attenuation and scattering coefficients of the light underwater, image enhancement which better conforms to the physical diffusion characteristics of the light underwater is achieved, color distortion and image blurring are effectively avoided, and the physical interpretability and reliability of an enhancement result are improved.

The invention relates to a rice canopy optical and microwave integrated radiation modeling method, which comprises the following steps of: acquiring and uniformly processing rice canopy and environmental parameters, and constructing a same physical parameter system shared by optical and microwave models; the optical part is used for calculating bidirectional reflection factors and optical reflectivity of the rice canopy under different observation conditions based on an aquatic vegetation radiation transmission model; the microwave part is based on a vector radiation transfer equation, adopts a matrix multiplication method to calculate canopy multiple scattering, and simulates underlying surface scattering in combination with an improved integral equation model to obtain a multi-polarization backscattering coefficient; the optical reflectivity and the microwave backscattering coefficient are output under a unified parameter system, and optical and microwave collaborative forward modeling is achieved. According to the invention, a rice canopy optical and microwave integrated collaborative simulation framework is established based on a radiation transfer principle, a physical consistent basis is provided for crop parameter inversion, multi-source remote sensing data application and farmland environment monitoring, and the application prospect is wide.

The invention relates to the technical field of underwater facility measurement, and provides an underwater facility defect geometric feature measurement method and system, a medium and equipment, and the method comprises the steps: calculating the actual sound velocity based on the water temperature, water pressure and salinity, correcting a sonar point cloud, calculating the sound velocity change rate, and adjusting the size of a filtering window, performing smooth filtering on the corrected sonar point cloud; for the surface image, calculating an image dark channel, after smoothing the dark channel image through scattering filtering, calculating transmissivity, fusing a scattering coefficient, removing surface image scattered light, and correcting the scattering coefficient through turbidity; based on the salinity and the water temperature, the underwater refraction angle of the laser is calculated, and the three-dimensional scanning point cloud is corrected; registering and fusing the point clouds to generate a facility surface point cloud model; based on the surface image, texture information of the facility surface is extracted, after the texture information is mapped to the facility surface point cloud model, a defect area is segmented, and geometric feature parameter extraction is carried out. And the detection reliability in a complex water area environment is improved.

A self-calibrating hybrid spectrophotometer comprises a receptacle for receiving the cuvette, first and second optodes that are configured to permit light to enter the cuvette, third and fourth optodes that are configured to permit light to leave the cuvette, and a controller that is configured to control delivery of light to one of the first and second optodes. Light entering one of the first and second optodes is received at the third and fourth optodes after having interacted with the turbid sample along different paths having different lengths. Measurements made at the third and fourth optodes in response to having illuminated both the first and second source optodes provide two slopes of optical transmittance as a function of path length. The spectrophotometer uses these slopes to identify a slope that is indicative of the absorption coefficient and the reduced scattering coefficient of the sample.

The invention relates to the technical field of photovoltaic power prediction, in particular to an ultra-short-term prediction system and method based on image analysis, and the system comprises an all-sky imaging data processing module, a cloud layer dynamic feature calculation module, a solar irradiance change prediction module, a photovoltaic power generation power calculation module and a prediction model optimization training module. According to the method, the cloud layer thickness, transparency, movement direction and coverage rate change are calculated, the cloud layer dynamic characteristic analysis precision is enhanced, and the radiation scattering coefficient is calculated in combination with the direct solar light shielding ratio, the cloud layer characteristics and the solar angle, so that the irradiance calculation is more accurate, the illumination change rate is analyzed, and the short-term irradiance trend is dynamically adjusted; the total power is calculated and the shielding influence is adjusted in combination with component arrangement, so that the power prediction is more practical, the input data is normalized, the time sequence sample is enhanced, the dynamic adjustment of the model parameters is optimized, and the adaptive capacity and the prediction stability are improved.

The invention discloses a spaceborne multi-wavelength laser radar detection cloud particle physical property inversion method. The method comprises the following steps: solving the altitude height and the surface height of each point of an echo signal; de-noising the echo signal; correcting the pre-processed signal to obtain an attenuated backscattering signal and identifying a cloud boundary; establishing a molecular transmittance lookup table, and calculating transmittance and atmospheric molecular parameters; the back scattering coefficient of the cloud is obtained through inversion according to the attenuation back scattering signal, the transmittance lookup table, the aerosol and cloud particle transmittance and the atmospheric molecule parameters; the optical thickness, the extinction coefficient and the like of the cloud are calculated by using the attenuation backscattering signal, the cloud particle and atmospheric molecule transmittance and the atmospheric molecule parameters; calculating the depolarization ratio of the cloud; calculating an integral backscattering coefficient and an integral depolarization ratio of the cloud by using the cloud boundary information; and identifying a cloud particle phase state. The method is characterized in that cloud boundary identification is carried out on spaceborne laser radar echo signals, and cloud optical parameters are solved accurately and efficiently.

The present invention provides a device deviation calculation method and an object measurement method capable of calculating a true extinction coefficient and a rear scattering coefficient of an object (object to be measured).　A device deviation calculation method according to the present invention includes a step (S12) for acquiring a Lidar signal, a step (S16) for calculating a straight line of an inclination -2α and an intercept ln (P0Cβ) fitting to the Lidar signal of the atmosphere in front of the object, a step (S18) for calculating Kα on the basis of the following Expression (1), and a step (S18) for calculating Kβ on the basis of the following Expression (2). (1) The inclination -2α = -2 × αt × Kα (where α is an extinction coefficient of the atmosphere at the time of the Lidar signal measurement, αt is an extinction coefficient of the standard atmosphere, and Kα represents a device deviation of an extinction coefficient of an observation device measuring the Lidar signal.) (2) The intercept ln(P0Cβ) = ln(βt × Kβ)

The invention relates to the technical field of radar target characteristic analysis, in particular to a radar near-field target polarization characteristic analysis method based on a vector Green function. Firstly, a target three-dimensional scattering point model is constructed, a coordinate-based scattering coefficient is defined, a full-polarization observation mode is designed, a near-field measurement matrix is calculated based on a vector Green function, and an observation model is constructed. Secondly, designing a fusion far-field constraint orthogonal matching pursuit (OMP) algorithm, realizing high-precision inversion of scattering coefficients, calculating a target far-field single-station RCS (HH / HV / VV mode) through dynamic polarization-based projection and phase compensation, and establishing a near-far field scattering characteristic mapping model; according to the method, near-field three-dimensional imaging and far-field polarization characteristic analysis are fused, the problem of insufficient cross polarization component recovery in a traditional method is solved, and the method has the advantages of high-resolution imaging, multi-physical field collaborative optimization, adaptive noise suppression and the like, and can be applied to the fields of stealth target recognition, radar cross section testing, unmanned aerial vehicle navigation and the like.

The invention is suitable for the technical field of fruit quality detection, and provides a fruit internal quality detection method based on a spatial resolution spectrum, and the method comprises the following steps: collecting spatial resolution reflectivity distribution of a fruit under a plurality of wavelengths; performing non-linear fitting inversion on the spatial resolution reflectivity distribution under the plurality of wavelengths, and extracting the change relation of the reduced scattering coefficient of the internal tissues of the fruits along with the wavelengths; determining an optical characteristic parameter set of the target pulp tissue; inputting the optical characteristic parameter set into a Monte Carlo optical transmission model, simulating propagation paths and energy distribution characteristics of light with different wavelengths in the fruit, and generating optical propagation simulation data; based on comparative analysis of the light propagation simulation data and a preset quality evaluation threshold value, whether an optical abnormal area exists in the fruit or not is judged; if yes, corresponding parameters are output according to the optical characteristic deviation degree and the spatial position information of the abnormal area, and the detection precision of the internal quality of the fruits is effectively improved.

The invention discloses a sea surface wind field inversion method and device based on small incidence angle synthetic aperture radar data, and relates to the field of ocean remote sensing and application. Calculating a C-band Bragg scattering backscattering coefficient based on a Bragg scattering geophysical model, and establishing a two-dimensional variational cost function; the two-dimensional variational cost function comprises a background item and an observation item; and carrying out iterative solution on the two-dimensional variational cost function to obtain an optimal sea surface wind field. The problems that the Bragg scattering factor is not fully considered and the existing small incident angle scattering model is not applicable in the interval of 11-20 degrees are solved.

The invention discloses a photovoltaic power generation forecasting method based on spectrum forecasting, and aims at solving the problem that errors are large due to the fact that only temperature and total irradiance are considered in an existing photovoltaic power generation forecasting method. The method comprises the following steps: downloading global forecast data and carrying out lattice point coding conversion; then carrying out dynamic downscaling and calculating future key meteorological variables; calculating the spectral optical thickness of each atmospheric component by using the spectral absorption and scattering coefficients of different gas components in the HITRAN database, and obtaining direct and scattered spectral irradiance according to the spectral optical thickness; carrying out calculation result verification and artificial intelligence correction by utilizing a solar spectrum radiometer; calculating generated power of different wavelengths; and calculating the final generation power through integral calculation in combination with the loss of other parts of the photovoltaic module. And forecasting a radiation spectrum at a future moment according to different forecasted meteorological variables, and converting radiation into power generation power according to the spectrum, thereby realizing refined conversion of optical power.

The invention relates to a tail flame polarization state simulation method and device considering solid-phase particle size distribution, a medium and equipment. The method comprises the following steps: constructing a particle size distribution function; determining a cumulative distribution function based on the particle size distribution function, discretizing the cumulative distribution function, and calculating the representative particle size of each region; optical factors of the solid-phase particles in all the areas are calculated; calculating optical parameters of the particle swarm; taking each representative particle size and number density as particle phase input of an N-S equation of fluid mechanics to obtain two-phase flow tail flame flow field data and nozzle outlet data under different particle size distribution conditions; the method comprises the following steps of: taking a plurality of grids as input of a tail flame polarization radiation transfer model, calculating each solid phase parameter of each grid, taking an extinction coefficient and a single scattering coefficient of each cell as input of a two-phase flow tail flame vector radiation transfer equation, and outputting a polarization state of the tail flame. And the tail flame polarized radiation closer to the reality is obtained through simulation.

The invention is suitable for the technical field of bio-photonics, and provides a capillary refilling time self-adaptive measurement system and method, and the system comprises a negative pressure adsorption module, a step release module, a modulation module, a detection module, a demodulation module, a signal processing module and a main control unit. Standardized microcirculation stimulation is realized through negative pressure adsorption and step release; adopting a frequency domain modulation and demodulation technology to obtain the phase and the amplitude of the optical signal, and inverting an absolute absorption coefficient and a reduced scattering coefficient by utilizing a frequency domain diffusion equation; and selecting an absolute absorption coefficient under equal absorption point wavelength as a blood volume index, fitting a recovery curve through a system identification model, and calculating to obtain self-adaptive capillary refilling time. According to the collaborative scheme, the problems that in the prior art, stimulation is not standard, the result is greatly influenced by skin color and temperature, and absolute parameter support is lacked are solved, and objective and accurate measurement which is high in repeatability, cross in skin color and resistant to environmental interference is achieved.

The invention relates to the technical field of atmospheric environment monitoring and optical detection, in particular to an aerosol vertical profile correction method and device for aerosol scattering coefficient and laser radar combined observation, and the method comprises the steps: S1, collecting echoes according to an integral window, and obtaining distance correction echoes; s2, collecting a height scattering coefficient greater than or equal to 2, and aligning the height scattering coefficient with a distance correction echo grid / time; s3, background deduction, resolution matching and invalid height elimination are carried out to obtain preprocessed echoes; s4, generating an initial scattering coefficient profile; s5, identifying layered boundary division layer intervals; s6, establishing a correction factor model for each layer, adding overlap compensation to the near earth, and introducing a system constant; s7, taking the consistency of the total height of the theoretical echo and the preprocessed echo as a target, taking the consistency of multi-height scattering coefficients as a constraint, and carrying out joint solving to obtain correction factor distribution; and S8, outputting a correction profile, boundary information and a parameter set. According to the method, system constants and overlap compensation are solved by preprocessing echo layering scale gradient correction factors through combination of full-height consistency and two-height actual measurement constraints, and a correction profile is stabilized.

The application discloses a complex lunar surface scattering coefficient image simulation method and system based on multiple data jointing, and the method comprises the following steps: firstly, terrain camera data is used to acquire terrain height data of a special geological structure of the moon as model geometric information input; secondly, a lunar soil weathering layer electromagnetic scattering model is established by using a vector radiation transfer theory and a lunar surface stone double-component method to simulate the interaction between electromagnetic waves and lunar rocks, the lunar surface, weathering layer particles and the subsurface; finally, a radar imaging mechanism is simulated based on a mapping projection algorithm, the scattering coefficient on each scattering facet is calculated by using the electromagnetic scattering model, and the scattering coefficient is mapped to an imaging area by using a ray tracing method, a shadow judgment method and the like, so that the scattering echo of each region of the complex lunar surface is rapidly estimated, and the fast scattering coefficient image simulation is realized.

This invention relates to an inversion method for the composition of black carbon aerosol coatings of different particle sizes, comprising: sampling black carbon aerosol coatings and screening out black carbon particles with specific electromobility particle sizes; measuring the scattering coefficient, absorption coefficient, and single scattering albedo in multiple wavelength bands; passing the black carbon particles into a thermal ablation tube to remove the black carbon aerosol coating, and then measuring the electromobility particle size of the black carbon core; establishing a lookup table of optical property calculation results; constructing an objective function and searching the lookup table of optical property calculation results to obtain the equivalent complex refractive index of the coating that minimizes the objective function; calculating the complex refractive index of the coating after uniformly mixing different coating components according to different volume fractions based on various theories, and constructing a lookup table of complex refractive index calculation results; constructing an objective function, and searching the lookup table of refractive index calculation results based on the equivalent complex refractive index of the coating to obtain the volume fractions corresponding to different coating components that minimize the objective function.

This invention discloses a high-precision automatic analyzer and a water quality analysis method. The method includes acquiring images of water samples and preprocessing them; identifying and removing bubbles and particles from the preprocessed images; identifying the liquid surface shape based on the image after bubble and particle removal; acquiring optical measurement data and calculating optical characteristic parameters; and correcting the optical characteristic parameters based on the liquid surface shape recognition results. The optical characteristic parameters include scattering coefficient, light-absorbing particle interaction parameters, temperature drift, and optical path length. Based on the corrected optical characteristic parameters, the concentration result is calculated. This invention overcomes interference caused by scattering, bubbles and particles, and temperature drift, improving the accuracy and reliability of optical water quality analysis.

This invention relates to the field of aerosol monitoring technology, specifically to an aerosol classification and identification system based on graded filtration and multi-optical parameter detection. The system includes an automatic membrane-changing graded filtration device, a sampling gas path switching device, an optical detection module, and a data processing and control device. The automatic membrane-changing graded filtration device loads multiple nucleopore membranes of different pore sizes and automatically switches them sequentially to achieve stepwise particle size separation of aerosol samples. The optical detection module integrates a cavity ring-down spectroscopy unit and an integrating sphere scattering measurement unit sharing a single laser light source, simultaneously measuring the extinction coefficient and scattering coefficient of the same graded sample. The data processing and control device constructs a matching feature vector based on the current filter membrane pore size and the calculated absorption coefficient, single-scattering albedo, and other optical parameters, compares it with an optical fingerprint database, and outputs the particle type identification result. This invention solves the technical problem of effectively distinguishing mixed aerosol components through dual-dimensional synergistic analysis of particle size and optical parameters, achieving accurate identification of aerosol particle types.

This invention relates to the field of near-infrared analysis technology, specifically to a system for analyzing the uniformity of multi-bin cotton blending in a cotton cleaning machine based on near-infrared spectroscopy. The system includes: acquiring near-infrared spectral curves and cotton bin humidity at different sampling times; analyzing the effects of baseline shifting and curve scaling based on fluctuations in the spectral curves to identify abnormal curves; determining the scattering coefficients of abnormal states based on the abnormal state parameters and humidity changes of all abnormal curves; removing the wavelength range absorbed by hydroxyl bonds from the abnormal curves to obtain de-hydroxyl bond curves; determining the degree of influence of hydroxyl bond absorption effect by combining the difference in scattering coefficients between the abnormal curves and the corresponding de-hydroxyl bond curves; and finally, adjusting the ventilation efficiency in the cotton bins according to the degree of influence to achieve uniformity analysis. This invention can effectively analyze the impact of cotton bin humidity on noise interference generated during spectral detection, improving the accuracy of detection results when detecting the uniformity of multi-bin cotton blending.

The application relates to the field of marine operations and discloses a laser vision combined guidance method for a diving bell docking, which comprises the following steps: acquiring fusion image data containing a visual identification array and a cross laser projection line; extracting a laser pixel point set of the cross laser projection line; calculating a local scattering coefficient matrix representing the spatial distribution of water turbidity based on the gray scale attenuation gradient of the laser pixel point set in its normal direction; obtaining a purified contour pixel point set; calculating the geometric intersection point of the purified contour pixel point set and the laser pixel point set; constructing a topological feature vector matrix representing the relative spatial pose based on the connecting line vector of the geometric intersection point; calculating the pose deviation value between the topological feature vector matrix and a preset target reference matrix, and generating a motion guidance parameter for driving the diving bell docking based on the pose deviation value. Through the technical scheme, the interference of the scattering environment on the pose solution accuracy is reduced.

This invention discloses a direct snow depth inversion method based on a spaceborne photon-counting lidar, comprising: extracting the target snow-covered area, removing areas with thick cloud cover and non-target surface point clouds, aligning the surface, and performing noise correction; performing deconvolution to obtain a corrected snow attenuation backscattering profile; setting an initial snow absorption coefficient, inverting the backscattering path length distribution of non-absorbing snow, and calculating the first and second moments of this distribution; based on the first and second moments, simultaneously inverting snow depth, snow albedo, and diffuse scattering coefficient; combining the snow albedo and diffuse scattering coefficient to calculate an updated snow absorption coefficient; if the updated snow absorption coefficient does not meet the set convergence threshold, using the updated snow absorption coefficient as the new initial snow absorption coefficient, and repeating the iteration; if it meets the threshold, outputting the final snow depth. Using this invention, along-track snow depth inversion can be achieved directly without relying on any other data.

This invention discloses a method for retrieving global ocean optical attenuation coefficients based on remote sensing reflectance. It obtains the remote sensing reflectance at any wavelength below the sea surface and the ratios related to inherent optical quantities using satellite-provided remote sensing data. For clear seawater and relatively clear coastal seawater, the QAA_v5 algorithm is used to obtain the absorption and backscattering coefficients at any wavelength; for turbid coastal seawater, the QAA-RGR algorithm is used. Different models for solving the scattering coefficients are used for different sea areas. The global ocean optical attenuation coefficient is obtained by adding the absorption and scattering coefficients. This invention divides the global ocean into regions and provides models for solving the absorption and scattering coefficients for different regions. It can directly calculate the optical attenuation characteristics of different sea areas using satellite-provided data, improving the reliability of solving the optical attenuation coefficient and enabling dynamic monitoring of the variation of the global ocean optical attenuation coefficient.

The invention provides a method for selecting calibration height layers of satellite-borne laser radars with different wavelengths, and relates to the field of atmospheric remote sensing. On the basis of SAGE III / ISS and reanalysis data, optical parameters of a stratosphere blue light wave band are accurately calculated by combining wavelength conversion and data fusion; comprising the following implementation steps: step 1), selecting SAGE III / ISS data and preprocessing the data; 2) correcting the refractive index of the aerosol, and carrying out stratosphere scattering calculation; 3) establishing a stratosphere aerosol optical parameter wavelength conversion model; step 4), calculating a stratosphere blue light aerosol backscattering coefficient and an atmospheric molecule backscattering coefficient; step 5), data space-time matching fusion; and step 6), calculating an aerosol scattering ratio and selecting a calibration height.

This invention provides a method and system for modeling sea clutter in a multi-channel spaceborne bistatic radar, including: solving the spaceborne-sea geometric relationship; calculating the two-way radiation pattern of the spaceborne bistatic radar antenna; modeling the time-varying motion of the sea surface; calculating the bistatic scattering coefficient of sea clutter; and synthesizing the multi-channel sea clutter echo of the spaceborne bistatic radar. This invention can achieve high-precision modeling of multi-channel sea clutter for spaceborne bistatic radar under different bistatic configurations and system parameters, overcoming the problems of existing models that do not consider the internal motion of multi-channel sea clutter in spaceborne bistatic radar, and do not consider the influence of different polarization modes and azimuth bistatic angles on the bistatic sea clutter scattering coefficient.

The invention relates to the technical field of image processing, in particular to a terahertz source focusing device image processing method and system.The method comprises the steps that a stable index graph is generated through differential light intensity and gradient fusion, inter-frame boundary phase trends are compared, pseudo boundaries are screened out, credibility labels are generated, and effective boundary phase distortion, energy density and scattering coefficient characteristics are extracted; phase compensation, wavefront correction, frequency band weight iterative correction and superposition correction are optimized to reconstruct a beam to generate an optimized focusing image. According to the method, multi-dimensional stability index quantification wave beam dynamic characteristics are constructed through light intensity fluctuation standard deviation, change density and gradient fusion, boundaries are accurately screened based on inter-frame phase comparison and trend consistency to improve recognition reliability, and phase distortion, energy density and scattering coefficient mapping model correlation parameters and imaging quality are established. Phase compensation, wavefront correction and frequency band weight iterative correction are optimized in a layered manner to eliminate coupling conflicts, and beams are superposed and reconstructed in real time to enhance the uniformity and sharpness of focal spots and suppress noise.

An optical characteristic value measuring device provided with a detection unit that includes a light emission unit configured to emit a light from a surface to an inside of an object, a measurement unit configured to measure an intensity of the light reflected at the inside and emitted to an outside of the object at at least two points on the surface mutually different in distance from the light emission unit, and a base plate that is placed to cover the surface between the light emission unit and the measurement unit and increases a reflectance of the light emitted from the inside to the outside, and a computing unit configured to calculate an absorption coefficient and a scattering coefficient of the object based on the intensity obtained by the measurement.

The application is a night vision imaging image enhancement system and method, and relates to the technical field of infrared night vision imaging, comprising: a light supplement lamp physical space distribution modeling module, a backscattering profile estimation module, an inverse physical subtraction and reflectivity recovery module, and a structure maintaining and noise point stripping filter module.In the application, the deterministic physical model construction based on active infrared imaging discards the dark channel prior algorithm which relies on statistical assumptions, matches the distribution law of the backscattering light curtain in the active infrared light supplement scene from the physical root source, and solves the core failure problem of the traditional dehazing algorithm in the active infrared night vision scene; through high-precision light supplement space distribution modeling, a unique and accurate reference is provided for backscattering light curtain separation, and a multi-mode dynamic scattering coefficient estimation mode is provided, which can adapt to different visibility complex application environments and realize stable light curtain suppression effect under different fog and dust concentrations.

The application discloses a lunar-based GNSS-R signal simulation and DDM generation method based on a full polarization layered scattering model, and belongs to the technical field of deep space exploration and microwave remote sensing. The method first constructs a full polarization bistatic scattering coefficient model based on a vector radiation transfer theory, comprehensively considers surface scattering, subsurface interface scattering, buried particle body scattering and multiple scattering mechanisms, and calculates the polarization bistatic scattering coefficient of each point on the lunar surface through a Mueller matrix summation method. Then, the obtained scattering coefficient is taken as an input parameter, a Z-V model is combined with an orbital geometric relationship between a GNSS satellite and a lunar-based receiver, delay and Doppler mapping is performed on each spatial grid point in a scintillation area, and finally, high-fidelity DDM waveforms are generated through integral operation. The application realizes full-link forward modeling from a microscopic physical scattering mechanism to macroscopic observation data, and has strong physical interpretability and high simulation accuracy.

Devices, methods, and calibration methods for estimating the concentration of an analyte are provided. The device for estimating the concentration of an analyte includes: an optical sensor configured to emit light toward an object and receive light reflected from the object; and a processor configured to: obtain a ratio of an absorption coefficient to a scattering coefficient based on the received light, obtain a first absorption spectrum of the object based on the obtained ratio, obtain a second absorption spectrum by eliminating a scattering correction spectrum from the first absorption spectrum, the scattering correction spectrum corresponding to a non-linear change of the scattering coefficient according to the wavelength of the emitted light, and estimate the concentration of the analyte based on the second absorption spectrum.