4267 results about "Pigment" patented technology

Various wearable health monitoring devices are described herein. Some implementations include one or more emitter chamber covers injection molded out of a first material comprising transparent glass, one or more detector chamber covers injection molded out of a second material comprising transparent glass, and a light barrier construct injection molded out of a third material over the one or more emitter chamber covers and the one or more detector chamber covers. The third material may be opaque and can comprise glass and an optically absorbing pigment. Some implementations include a circuit board, emitter(s) mounted to the circuit board and arranged within the emitter chamber cover(s), and detector(s) mounted to the circuit board and arranged within the detector chamber cover(s). The circuit board, emitter(s), detector(s), emitter chamber cover(s), and detector chamber cover(s) can form part of a sensor assembly connected to a housing of the wearable health monitoring devices.

The invention discloses a colorful acid and alkali resistant laser printing ink and a preparation method thereof. The printing ink is composed of the following components in parts by weight: 0 to 30 parts of butanone, 10 to 30 parts of isopropanol, 2 to 6 parts of curing agent, 10 to 15 parts of pigment, and 10 to 30 parts of glycidyl ether epoxy resin. The glycidyl ether epoxy resin is adopted to produce the printing ink, aliphatic polyamine is further chosen as the curing agent, the acid and alkali resistant performance of the printing ink is strengthened through optimizing the formula, thus the shortage that the colorful laser printing ink is lost when being mixed with acid and alkali is overcome, moreover, the color of the laser printing product is more abundant, and the patterns are more clear.

The invention relates to the technical field of glass white board ink, and discloses high-gloss and high-covering ink for a glass white board and a preparation method thereof, the high-gloss and high-covering ink comprises the following raw materials by mass: 30-35 parts of pigment, 2-5 parts of composite diatomite, 8-10 parts of a dispersant, 3-7 parts of resin, 0.2-0.5 part of a wetting agent, 50-60 parts of deionized water, and 5-8 parts of propylene glycol. The nano titanium dioxide has high refractive index and light scattering performance, so that the ink can fully reflect light under illumination, and the nano titanium dioxide and the diatomite have a relatively good synergistic effect in the aspect of improving the glossiness of the ink; the lamellar structure of the graphene oxide can effectively cover the ground color of the glass white board, and a high covering effect is achieved; a hydrophilic chain segment of the amphiphilic block copolymer extends in an ink system, and a hydrophobic chain interacts with the lipophilic pigment, so that the stability and the covering effect of the ink are improved.

The invention relates to the technical field of pigment image processing, and particularly discloses a pigment hyperspectral image classification method, a storage medium and computer equipment. The pigment hyperspectral image classification method comprises the following steps: acquiring a hyperspectral image of a simulated painting through a hyperspectral camera, firstly extracting low-level detail information by using a spectrum-space attention module, and then extracting deep semantic features in combination with ViT; the multi-scale features are then effectively fused for classification. According to the method, detail and global information in the hyperspectral image can be more comprehensively captured, so that the analysis and classification capability of complex hyperspectral data is improved, the pigment detection accuracy is improved, lossless and reliable technical support is provided for scientific repair and value protection of ancient calligraphy and painting, and the method is suitable for popularization and application. And a technical foundation is laid for intelligent development of cultural relic protection.

To improve designability when a light source is turned on / off.SOLUTION: An exterior component for a vehicle includes a light source 81, and a decorative body part arranged on a vehicle outside (front side) of the light source 81. The decorative body part includes decorative layers 60 between an inner base material and an outer base material composed of transparent materials. The decorative layer 60 includes a first colored layer 61 which is formed of a color pigment and has light permeability, and a second colored layer 62 which is stacked on a vehicle inside of the first colored layer 61, has a filler 65 dispersed in a coating material, and has light permeability. The filler 65 includes a filler body 66, and a film 68 coating the filler body 66. The film 68 is formed of a color pigment having a color difference ΔE between the color pigment of the first colored layer 61 and the color pigment of 30 or less.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 5

A layer, sheet or film containing one or more flake-form effect pigments and one or more light scattering centers, methods for its preparation, its use for any type of device collecting solar cell energy, including but not limited to coloring solar cells or solar cell modules, and devices collecting solar cell energy, including but not limited to colored solar cells or colored solar cell modules, comprising such a layer, sheet or film, and methods for their preparation.

The utility model relates to the technical field of unmanned aerial vehicles, and discloses a visual unmanned aerial vehicle for outer wall defect detection, which comprises an unmanned aerial vehicle main body, and a defect marking device is arranged at the upper end part of a shell of the unmanned aerial vehicle main body. A defect visual detection device is mounted at the lower end part of a shell of the unmanned aerial vehicle main body and comprises a camera; the defect marking device comprises an upper bin installed at the upper end of a shell of the unmanned aerial vehicle body, and a pigment bin is installed in the upper bin. According to the visual unmanned aerial vehicle for outer wall defect detection, when a defect doubtful point is found, a high-pressure pump directly sprays pigment which is sprayed out from the interior of a pigment bin through a spray head at high pressure to the wall surface of an outer wall to leave a mark, and a pigment mark is left on the periphery of the defect, so that the defect of the outer wall is positioned; therefore, the defect point location can be conveniently searched and repaired in the later period.

The invention relates to the technical field of coating detection, and particularly provides an aluminum pigment thickness uniformity analysis and detection method and system.The method comprises the steps that a multispectral image and a polarization image of an aluminum pigment coating are obtained, and geometrical shape information of a base material is obtained; analyzing whether the aluminum pigment coating has a non-uniformity defect or not according to the multispectral image and the polarization image; when the non-uniformity defect exists, acquiring the defect type and the optical characteristic of the non-uniformity defect according to the multispectral image and the polarization image; acquiring a target light source parameter and an image sensor target receiving angle according to the defect type, the optical characteristic and the geometrical shape information; adjusting a light source and an image sensor of the aluminum pigment thickness uniformity analysis and detection equipment according to the target light source parameter and the target receiving angle of the image sensor; the method comprises the following steps: acquiring a coating image by using aluminum pigment thickness uniformity analysis and detection equipment, and acquiring non-uniformity defect characteristics according to the coating image; according to the method, adaptive adjustment of detection parameters can be realized.

The embodiment of the invention provides a UV (ultraviolet) thermal dual-curing adhesive and a preparation method thereof. The UV thermal dual-curing adhesive comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 30-55% of a photocuring prepolymer; 5%-25% of an active diluent monomer; 1%-10% of a photoinitiator; 1%-20% of a thermal initiator; 10%-40% of a filler; 0.5%-5% of a coupling agent; 1%-10% of a thixotropic agent; 1%-10% of pigment; 2%-8% of an auxiliary agent; wherein the photocuring prepolymer comprises epoxy resin. According to the UV thermal dual-curing adhesive and the preparation method thereof provided by the embodiment of the invention, the dual-curing adhesive with low shrinkage and low thermal expansion coefficient is obtained by optimizing the structure of the photocuring prepolymer and matching the components, and the prepared adhesive can be rapidly cured under the irradiation of LED 365nm ultraviolet light, or can be thermally cured under the low-temperature condition of 80 DEG C, so that the UV thermal dual-curing adhesive can be widely applied to the field of ultraviolet curing. The product can resist high and low temperature cycle impact of-50 DEG C to 140 DEG C, and has a good application prospect.

To provide a new application for recycled resin obtained from PET bottle caps.SOLUTION: The present disclosure relates to a multilayer molded container comprising at least: an inner layer containing a pigment 1 and a recycled resin obtained using PET bottle caps; and an outer layer containing a white pigment 2 and a resin 2.SELECTED DRAWING: None

The invention provides an intelligent paint make-up system capable of accurately identifying and matching the color of aged vehicle paint and a paint make-up method thereof, and the system comprises a color identification module which is used for extracting the color features of a to-be-repaired paint surface, thereby identifying the color of the to-be-repaired paint surface, and obtaining an image of the to-be-repaired paint surface; the data processing module is used for performing multi-angle spectral decomposition on the to-be-repaired paint surface image and predicting a paint surface fading curve so as to obtain a matching weight of color adjustment; the automatic paint mixing module comprises a precise proportioning pump unit and a multi-shaft stirring device and is used for mixing pigments according to the proportioning weight of color adjustment; and the closed-loop feedback module comprises a real-time chromatic aberration detection unit and is used for correcting errors of the pigments in real time and finally outputting the refinishing paint consistent with the spectral data of the paint surface to be repaired.

The invention discloses a radiation refrigeration coating with high refractive index contrast, and belongs to the technical field of radiation refrigeration coatings. The radiation refrigeration coating with high refractive index contrast comprises the following raw materials: hollow microspheres, a high refractive index pigment, a film-forming substance, a solvent and an auxiliary agent. The coating process of the radiation refrigeration coating film comprises two coating steps: firstly, coating an inner layer coating film on the surface of a base material by using the radiation refrigeration coating with rutile type titanium dioxide as a high-refractive-index pigment as a raw material; and coating the surface of the inner-layer coating film with an outer-layer coating film by using the radiation refrigeration coating with high-refractive-index pigment being zirconium dioxide and / or zirconium silicate as a raw material. According to the invention, a closed and independent bubble structure is introduced into the coating by adopting the hollow microspheres, and the preferable high-refractive-index pigment is matched, so that the refractive index difference value between adjacent components in a coating film is increased, and the sunlight reflectivity of the coating film is remarkably enhanced, thereby realizing excellent radiation refrigeration performance under strong sunlight irradiation.

According to the present invention, a pattern print layer has: a first color pattern layer (10) which is provided on one surface of a translucent base material and is composed of a plurality of first color dots (11); and a second color pattern layer (20) which is provided on the first color pattern layer (10) and is composed of a plurality of second color dots (21). In a printed material, each of the plurality of first color dots (11) contains a binder (12) for the first color and a plurality of first color pigment chips (13) which are dispersed inside the binder (12) for the first color, each of the plurality of second color dots (21) contains a binder (22) for the second color and a plurality of second color pigment chips (23) which are dispersed inside the binder (22) for the second color, one of the plurality of first color pigment chips (13) and the plurality of second color pigment chips (23) are composed of first interference pigments (14a, 14b) in a plurality of colors, the first interference pigments respectively generating mutually different first interference light, the other of the plurality of first color pigment chips (13) and the plurality of second color pigment chips (23) are composed of a second interference pigment (24) that generates second interference light of a single color that is different from a color mixture expressed by the plurality of first interference pigments (14a, 14b), and the plurality of colors of first interference light and the second interference light are additively mixed.

The present invention discloses a reflective heat-insulating multi-color coating, a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of coating preparation. The reflective heat-insulating multi-color coating uses a barrier-type heat-insulating coating as a bottom coating, a reflective heat-insulating coating as a surface multi-color coating, and an organic reflective pigment as a multi-color pigment; the heat-insulating filler in the barrier-type heat-insulating coating is compounded with SiO2 aerogel, hollow ceramic microspheres and hollow glass microspheres in a mass ratio of 1:1.2:0.3; the reflective filler in the reflective heat-insulating coating is an infrared reflective pigment. The reflective heat-insulating multi-color coating can reduce building energy consumption and carbon emissions in a variety of climate zones, and is particularly suitable for temperate continental climate zones and temperate monsoon climate zones, and can reduce about 2‑4 KWh / m per year. 2 Energy consumption and 1‑3kg / m 2 of carbon emissions.

The utility model discloses a coating impact testing device, which belongs to the field of thermosetting powder coating performance testing, and comprises a bottom plate, limiting mechanisms arranged at the top of the bottom plate, an adjusting mechanism arranged between the limiting mechanisms, an impact mechanism arranged at the top of the adjusting mechanism, a marking mechanism arranged at the top of the impact hammer, and a marking mechanism arranged at the bottom of the marking mechanism. The marking mechanism comprises a material storage box, the bottom of the material storage box is connected with a discharging pipe, the discharging pipe is an elastic pipe, and a stirring assembly is arranged in the material storage box. The device has the beneficial effects that a marking mechanism is arranged, marking pigment in a storage box is conveyed to the bottom of an impact hammer through a discharging pipe, so that an impact site can be marked when the impact hammer impacts a coating, and a place with unobvious deformation can be conveniently observed; and the stirring rod is arranged in the storage box, the stirring rod is driven by the rotating shaft to rotate, the pigment in the storage box is mixed, and layering or solidification of the pigment is avoided.

The invention relates to the technical field of display devices, in particular to ink for an LED mask, a preparation method of the ink and a preparation method of the LED mask. The ink for the LED mask comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 35%-50% of matrix resin, 25%-40% of a diluent, 15%-25% of a coloring agent, 2%-4% of an accelerant, 2%-4% of an anti-settling agent, 0.1%-1.2% of a weather-proof agent, 0.5%-1% of a dispersing agent, 0.4%-0.6% of a defoaming agent and 0.4%-0.6% of a flatting agent, wherein the coloring agent comprises pigment carbon black of which the blackness is less than or equal to 20; the weather-resistant agent comprises an ultraviolet absorbent and a free radical trapping agent in a mass ratio of (1-3): (1-3). According to the ink for the LED mask, the contrast ratio of the LED mask is improved, meanwhile, the ink color consistency and weather resistance of the LED mask are effectively improved, and therefore the color developing effect of an LED display screen is optimized, and the service life of the LED display screen is prolonged.

The invention relates to the technical field of color paste, in particular to high-transmittance blue paste for an automobile color-changing film and a preparation method of the high-transmittance blue paste. Comprising the following components in percentage by weight based on the total weight of the preparation in each case: 15 to 30 weight percent of blue organic pigment, 5 to 15 weight percent of cellulose acetate butyrate, 5 to 15 weight percent of nano titanium dioxide, 5 to 20 weight percent of aldehyde resin, 10 to 20 weight percent of dispersing agent, 10 to 30 weight percent of ethyl acetate and 10 to 25 weight percent of methyl isobutyl ketone, wherein the sum of the weight percentages of all the components is 100% by weight. The nano titanium dioxide is added, specifically screened pigment and formula are combined, a novel dual-power centrifugal sand mill is introduced, the high-transparency blue paste with the color paste particle size being 50 nanometers and the transparency and color saturation being similar to those of special color paste for automobile paint is produced, better effect pigment arrangement can be provided in a color changing film, and the color changing effect is good. And the anti-mist and higher metal flickering effects are achieved.

The invention relates to a preparation method of easy-to-disperse pigment carbon black, which comprises the following steps: step S1, cracking a petroleum-based composite raw material by adopting an oil furnace incomplete combustion method; s2, sequentially adding an organic potassium carboxylate structure regulator alcohol solution and a polysaccharide modifier aqueous solution in the cracking process of the petroleum-based composite raw material to generate a carbon black aggregate; and S3, carrying out fine treatment on the carbon black aggregate to generate the carbon black. In order to overcome the defects that the pigment carbon black produced in the prior art is lack of polar groups on the surface and is difficult to disperse in practical application, the invention provides the preparation method of the pigment carbon black, which does not need a post-treatment process and has a good dispersion effect.

The present disclosure provides a unit dose detergent comprising a water-soluble film material comprising a first compartment that is adjacent to a second compartment and separated by at least one layer of the film. The first compartment encloses a liquid composition comprising a non-aqueous solvent, and the second compartment encloses a powder composition comprising a pigment and at least one additive selected from a salt, a flow aid, acid, enzyme, chelating agent, a polymer, and any combination thereof; such that at least one of the liquid composition and the powder composition comprises a surfactant. Also provided is a method of preparing the powder composition for use in the unit dose detergent. The method includes adding the pigment to a salt to provide a pigment-salt combination and adding a flow aid to the pigment-salt combination to form the powder composition.

The invention discloses a special color master batch for high-efficiency cool chinlon and a preparation method of the special color master batch, and relates to the technical field of functional master batch and resin modification. The invention relates to a special color master batch for high-efficiency cool chinlon. The special color master batch is prepared from the following components in parts by mass: 40-70 parts of carrier resin, 15-25 parts of a cool functional material, 3-10 parts of a dispersing agent, 5-25 parts of pigment, 0.5-5 parts of an auxiliary processing aid and 1.5-1.5 parts of an antioxidant. Oxidation degradation of the color master batch in high-temperature processing and long-term use of the fabric can be effectively inhibited through oxidation resistance, the problems of yellowing, mechanical property reduction and the like are reduced, and the stable service cycle of the color master batch and the fabric is prolonged.

The invention provides a solvent-free UV dielectric insulation protective coating as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The high-surface-energy and high-glass-transition-temperature UV-curable coating is prepared by combining flexible modified polyurethane acrylate, flexible acrylate, rigid acrylate with high glass transition temperature, a high-functionality acrylate cross-linking agent, methyl methacrylate with high dilutability and high glass transition temperature as well as a plurality of photoinitiators, auxiliaries, pigment and filler powder and the like. The invention relates to a dielectric insulation protective coating with high adhesive force. The prepared coating is a solvent-free 100% solid single component, is complete in mixing and dissolving, convenient to construct, high in light curing energy utilization rate, high in production efficiency and suitable for large-scale automatic large-scale flow line production, and compared with PSA back glue used for a traditional PET blue film, the outer surface of the coating has higher surface energy, and the coating has the advantages of being high in light curing energy utilization rate and high in production efficiency. And the film has considerable dielectric insulation performance and good edge covering protection performance, and meets the development requirements of a higher charging voltage platform of a fast-charging electric vehicle in the future.

The invention provides a high-temperature-resistant iron-chromium black pigment as well as a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of pigments. The preparation method comprises the following steps: preparing porous SiO2 / Al2O3 nanospheres, modifying the surfaces of the porous SiO2 / Al2O3 nanospheres by using tannic acid, depositing iron-containing and chromium-containing precipitates in situ, impregnating zirconium, calcining to obtain a precursor, and modifying the surfaces of the porous SiO2 / Al2O3 nanospheres by using polydopamine to obtain the high-temperature-resistant iron-chromium black pigment. The high-temperature-resistant iron-chromium black pigment prepared by the preparation method disclosed by the invention contains an aluminum element, so that the high-temperature-resistant, heat-resistant and flame-retardant properties of a prepared precursor are greatly improved, and the high-temperature-resistant iron-chromium black pigment contains silicon oxide, so that the temperature resistance and the wear resistance are obviously improved, and the high-temperature-resistant iron-chromium black pigment is relatively uniform in black, uniform in particle size, good in weather resistance and light resistance, good in dispersity and wide in application prospect.

The invention discloses a metal-polyphenol coordination color development system and application thereof in meat freshness monitoring, and belongs to the technical field of intelligent monitoring, a preparation method of the metal-polyphenol coordination color development system comprises the steps that S1, a metal salt solution and a polyphenol solution are mixed, pH is adjusted, and a metal-polyphenol colorimetric solution is obtained; and S2, loading the metal-polyphenol colorimetric solution on a base material, drying and cutting to obtain the metal-polyphenol amine response colorimetric device. According to the metal-polyphenol colorimetric material disclosed by the invention, the defects of potential toxicity, single-stage color change, narrow color change range, single color change and the like of a traditional chemical pigment are overcome, and the problems of low sensitivity, poor stability, high cost, complicated preparation process and the like of a natural pigment are solved; the polyphenols and the metals can be recycled from plant wastes or industrial processing by adopting a water-soluble extraction method, so that the method has good economic benefits and is more environment-friendly, and the prepared materials can be recycled.

The invention relates to the technical field of image recognition, in particular to a red tide algae recognition method based on a hyperspectral image, and the method comprises the following steps: calculating a gradient value of each pixel in a spatial dimension and a spectral dimension according to an original hyperspectral data cube, setting a diffusion coefficient for diffusion, and obtaining a three-dimensional fidelity hyperspectral data cube. According to the method, the gradient change trends of the spatial dimension and the spectral dimension are extracted at the same time pixel by pixel, and the regional differentiation diffusion operation is matched, so that the expression ability of the alga plaque boundary and the consistency of the internal spectral characteristics are enhanced, and the fidelity of the hyperspectral data in fine-grained region identification is improved; upper convex hull calculation of a spectral reflectivity curve and construction of a continuous spectrum background baseline are introduced, and characterization of pigment absorption morphological characteristics is enhanced; and in combination with the characteristic absorption wave bands of chlorophyll and phycobiliary, the synergistic weighted response to the distribution of the algae pigment is realized, and the sensitivity and selectivity of pigment recognition are improved.

The invention relates to the technical field of pigment mixing, and particularly discloses an environment-friendly pigment stirring and mixing device which comprises a stirring barrel and further comprises a mixing assembly arranged on the stirring barrel and used for stirring and mixing pigments and washing the interior of the stirring barrel; the adjusting assembly is arranged on the upper side of the cover plate, and the adjusting assembly is used for adjusting the mixing assembly. Through the mixing assembly, pigment injected into the stirring barrel and water can be mixed and stirred, the interior of the stirring barrel can be conveniently washed, the situation that after mixing, the pigment which is not discharged is accumulated in the stirring barrel, and follow-up use is affected is prevented, and through the adjusting assembly, according to the thickness degree after the pigment and the water are mixed, the stirring efficiency is improved. The power of the mixing assembly when the pigment and water are stirred and the flushing pressure and the flushing amount when the interior of the stirring barrel is flushed are regulated and controlled, so that the situation that the flushing effect is affected, and the possibly-caused situation that the resource consumption is large and environmental protection is not facilitated is prevented.

The utility model discloses a pigment production device capable of discharging at intervals, and particularly relates to the technical field of pigment production, the pigment production device mainly comprises a pigment frame, a screening mesh plate and a sliding frame, the screening mesh plate is fixed on the inner wall of the pigment frame, the sliding frame is located on one side of the pigment frame, and the bottom end of the inner wall of the sliding frame is provided with an interval discharging assembly; the interval discharging assembly comprises a sliding column installed at the bottom end of the inner wall of the sliding frame, the outer wall of the sliding column is slidably connected with a sleeve block, a support is welded to one side of the sleeve block, and a partition plate is welded to the top end of the support. A push block is welded to one side of the support. The interval discharging assembly is adopted, the telescopic electric cylinder drives the push block to move upwards, the push block drives the support to move upwards, the support drives the sleeve block to move upwards, the sleeve block slides upwards along the outer wall of the sliding column, the gap between the interval plate and the screening mesh plate is adjusted, vibration production of spread pigment is achieved, the screening efficiency is higher, and the pigment production efficiency is greatly improved.

The present invention provides a composite pigment, which comprises a first cholesteric liquid crystal pigment and a second cholesteric liquid crystal pigment. The above-mentioned first cholesteric liquid crystal pigment is a pigment having a center wavelength of a selective reflection band in the range of 400 nm or more and 800 nm or less and a selective reflection bandwidth of 150 nm or less. The above-mentioned second cholesteric liquid crystal pigment is a pigment having a selective reflection bandwidth of 200 nm or more in the range of 400 nm or more and 800 nm or less. At least a part of the selective reflection band of the above-mentioned first cholesteric liquid crystal pigment overlaps with the selective reflection band of the above-mentioned second cholesteric liquid crystal pigment. With respect to the total amount of the above-mentioned first cholesteric liquid crystal pigment and the above-mentioned second cholesteric liquid crystal pigment, the content of the above-mentioned first cholesteric liquid crystal pigment is more than 0% by weight and 30% by weight or less.

The invention discloses hydrogel for improving photocuring 3D printing precision and application of the hydrogel. The invention discovers that pigments such as thioflavin T, alizarin yellow R, methylene blue and / or purple cabbage and the like are added into ink containing photo-crosslinking hydrogel such as methacrylated gelatin (GelMA) and the like as a photo-curing stabilizer, so that the photo-curing 3D printing precision can be improved. On the basis, the hydrogel ink capable of improving the photocuring 3D printing precision is provided, and the photocrosslinking hydrogel is mixed with the photoinitiator and the photocuring stabilizer in proportion, so that an entity obtained by printing through the hydrogel ink has higher precision. In addition, the hydrogel ink for 3D printing is easy to operate and high in practicability, and construction of repair materials needed in the biomedical field such as tissue engineering is facilitated.

Provided is a pigment dispersion composition for a black matrix, the pigment dispersion composition having excellent storage stability and being capable of suppressing a decrease in the OD value (optical concentration) during a stand-by time between application of a resist to a substrate and pre-baking, and the resulting resist film having excellent thin wire adhesion. The pigment dispersion composition for a black matrix comprises lactam black, silica-based particles, a pigment dispersant containing a basic group, and an alkali-soluble resin, and satisfies at least one of the following conditions A and B. (Condition A) No carbon black is included. (Condition B) Carbon black is included, and the average primary particle diameter of the carbon black is 30 nm or more.

Glasses frame (1) provided by at least one sheet (4) of optical cellulose acetate fibers, provided with regions containing photochromic pigments and regions free of photochromic pigments, planned to form geometries, patterns, designs and images desired by manufacturers.