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5047 results about "Pupil" patented technology
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The pupil is a black hole located in the center of the iris of the eye that allows light to strike the retina. It appears black because light rays entering the pupil are either absorbed by the tissues inside the eye directly, or absorbed after diffuse reflections within the eye that mostly miss exiting the narrow pupil. The term “pupil” was created by Gerard of Cremona.
Near to Eye Display System and Appliance
InactiveUS20100149073A1High resolutionCompact and economicalCathode-ray tube indicatorsOptical elementsLight beamPupil
A near-to-eye display system for forming an image as an illuminated region on a retina of at least one eye of a user is disclosed. The system includes a source of modulated light, a proximal optic positionable adjacent an eye of the user to receive the modulated light. The proximal optic has a plurality of groups of optically redirecting regions. The optically redirecting regions are configured to direct a plurality of beams of the modulated light into a pupil of the eye to form a contiguous illuminated portion of the retina of the eye. A first group of the optically redirecting regions is configured to receive modulated light from the source and redirect beams of the modulated light into the pupil of the eye for illumination of a first portion of the retina. A second group of the optically redirecting regions is configured to receive modulated light from the source and redirect beams of the modulated light into the pupil of the eye for illumination of a second portion of the retina.
Owner:CHAUM DAVID +2
Catadioptric projection objective
ActiveUS20050190435A1High image side numerical apertureSmall amountSemiconductor/solid-state device manufacturingMicroscopesIntermediate imageHigh numerical aperture
A catadioptric projection objective for imaging a pattern provided in an object plane of the projection objective onto an image plane of the projection objective comprises: a first objective part for imaging the pattern provided in the object plane into a first intermediate image; a second objective part for imaging the first intermediate imaging into a second intermediate image; a third objective part for imaging the second intermediate imaging directly onto the image plane; wherein a first concave mirror having a first continuous mirror surface and at least one second concave mirror having a second continuous mirror surface are arranged upstream of the second intermediate image; pupil surfaces are formed between the object plane and the first intermediate image, between the first and the second intermediate image and between the second intermediate image and the image plane; and all concave mirrors are arranged optically remote from a pupil surface. The system has potential for very high numerical apertures at moderate lens material mass consumption.
Owner:CARL ZEISS SMT GMBH
Lithographic apparatus, device manufacturing method, and device manufactured thereby
InactiveUS6961116B2Fine positioning informationLarge capture rangeDecorative surface effectsDuplicating/marking methodsDiffraction orderPhase difference
An alignment system uses a self-referencing interferometer that produces two overlapping and relatively rotated images of an alignment markers. Detectors detect intensities in a pupil plane where Fourier transforms of the images are caused to interfere. The positional information is derived from the phase difference between diffraction orders of the two images which manifests as intensity variations in the interfered orders. Asymmetry can also be measured by measuring intensities at two positions either side of a diffraction order.
Owner:ASML NETHERLANDS BV
Metrology Method and Inspection Apparatus, Lithographic System and Device Manufacturing Method
ActiveUS20120123581A1Improve accuracyImprove throughputPhotomechanical apparatusScattering properties measurementsUltrasound attenuationSpatial light modulator
Methods are disclosed for measuring target structures formed by a lithographic process on a substrate. A grating structure within the target is smaller than an illumination spot and field of view of a measurement optical system. The optical system has a first branch leading to a pupil plane imaging sensor and a second branch leading to a substrate plane imaging sensor. A spatial light modulator is arranged in an intermediate pupil plane of the second branch of the optical system. The SLM imparts a programmable pattern of attenuation that may be used to correct for asymmetries between the first and second modes of illumination or imaging. By use of specific target designs and machine-learning processes, the attenuation patterns may also be programmed to act as filter functions, enhancing sensitivity to specific parameters of interest, such as focus.
Owner:ASML NETHERLANDS BV
Inspection Apparatus, Lithographic Apparatus, Lithographic Processing Cell and Inspection Method
ActiveUS20100201963A1Increase the number ofPossible to separateRaman/scattering spectroscopySpectrum generation using diffraction elementsFour quadrantsZeroth order
For angular resolved spectrometry a radiation beam is used having an illumination profile having four quadrants is used. The first and third quadrants are illuminated whereas the second and fourth quadrants aren't illuminated. The resulting pupil plane is thus also divided into four quadrants with only the zeroth order diffraction pattern appearing in the first and third quadrants and only the first order diffraction pattern appearing in the second and third quadrants.
Owner:ASML NETHERLANDS BV
Ergonomic Head Mounted Display Device And Optical System
ActiveUS20120162549A1Good optical performanceWide field of viewPolarising elementsPlanar/plate-like light guidesDisplay deviceSee-through display
Owner:MAGIC LEAP
Minimally invasive surgical training using robotics and tele-collaboration
InactiveUS6852107B2Cosmonautic condition simulationsMechanical/radiation/invasive therapiesMini invasive surgeryEngineering
A medical system that allows a mentor to teach a pupil how to use a robotically controlled medical instrument. The system may include a first handle that can be controlled by a mentor to move the medical instrument. The system may further have a second handle that can be moved by a pupil to control the same instrument. Deviations between movement of the handles by the mentor and the pupil can be provided as force feedback to the pupil and mentor handles. The force feedback pushes the pupil's hand to correspond with the mentor's handle movement. The force feedback will also push the mentor's hand to provide information to the mentor on pupil's movements. The mentor is thus able to guide the pupil's hands through force feedback of the pupil handles to teach the pupil how to use the system.
Owner:INTUITIVE SURGICAL OPERATIONS INC
Ergonomic head mounted display device and optical system
ActiveUS9348143B2Wide field of viewGood optical performancePolarising elementsPlanar/plate-like light guidesEyewearDisplay device
This invention concerns an ergonomic optical see-through head mounted display device with an eyeglass appearance. The see-through head-mounted display device consists of a transparent, freeform waveguide prism for viewing a displayed virtual image, a see-through compensation lens for enabling proper viewing of a real-world scene when combined together with the prism, and a miniature image display unit for supplying display content. The freeform waveguide prism, containing multiple freeform refractive and reflective surfaces, guides light originated from the miniature display unit toward a user's pupil and enables a user to view a magnified image of the displayed content. A see-through compensation lens, containing multiple freeform refractive surfaces, enables proper viewing of the surrounding environment, through the combined waveguide and lens. The waveguide prism and the see-through compensation lens are properly designed to ergonomically fit human heads enabling a wraparound design of a lightweight, compact, and see-through display system.
Owner:MAGIC LEAP INC
Apparatus and method for determining eye gaze from stereo-optic views
InactiveUS8824779B1Improve accuracyImprove image processing capabilitiesImage enhancementImage analysisWide fieldOptical axis
The invention, exemplified as a single lens stereo optics design with a stepped mirror system for tracking the eye, isolates landmark features in the separate images, locates the pupil in the eye, matches landmarks to a template centered on the pupil, mathematically traces refracted rays back from the matched image points through the cornea to the inner structure, and locates these structures from the intersection of the rays for the separate stereo views. Having located in this way structures of the eye in the coordinate system of the optical unit, the invention computes the optical axes and from that the line of sight and the torsion roll in vision. Along with providing a wider field of view, this invention has an additional advantage since the stereo images tend to be offset from each other and for this reason the reconstructed pupil is more accurately aligned and centered.
Owner:CORTICAL DIMENSIONS LLC
Prismatic multiple waveguide for near-eye display
ActiveUS20120062998A1Compensation effectConvenient and accurateOptical articlesLaminationDisplay devicePupil
A near-eye display includes a compound waveguide for presenting viewers with virtual images visible within an eyebox at a limited relief distance from the compound waveguide. The compound waveguide is assembled from a plurality of waveguides that are at least partially optically isolated for conveying different portions of the virtual image. An input couple injects the different portions of the virtual image into predetermined combinations of the waveguides, and an output coupling ejects the different portions of the virtual image from the waveguides toward the eyebox in a form that at least partially constructs a pupil within the eyebox.
Owner:VUZIX
System and method for determining human emotion by analyzing eye properties
InactiveUS20070066916A1Cancel noiseEasy to explainLocal control/monitoringComputer-assisted medical data acquisitionPupilComputer science
The invention relates to a system and method for determining human emotion by analyzing a combination of eye properties of a user including, for example, pupil size, blink properties, eye position (or gaze) properties, or other properties. The system and method may be configured to measure the emotional impact of various stimuli presented to users by analyzing, among other data, the eye properties of the users while perceiving the stimuli. Measured eye properties may be used to distinguish between positive emotional responses (e.g., pleasant or “like”), neutral emotional responses, and negative emotional responses (e.g., unpleasant or “dislike”), as well as to determine the intensity of emotional responses.
Owner:IMOTIONS EMOTION TECH
Inspection Method and Apparatus, Lithographic Apparatus, Lithographic Processing Cell and Device Manufacturing Method
ActiveUS20100007863A1Small targetRadiation pyrometrySpectrum investigationHigh numerical aperturePupil
An apparatus and method to determine a property of a substrate by measuring, in the pupil plane of a high numerical aperture lens, an angle-resolved spectrum as a result of radiation being reflected off the substrate. The property may be angle and wavelength dependent. The radiation that is reflected off the substrate is radially polarized.
Owner:ASML NETHERLANDS BV
Pupil detection method and shape descriptor extraction method for a iris recognition, iris feature extraction apparatus and method, and iris recognition system and method using its
Provided is pupil detection method and shape descriptor extraction method for an iris recognition, iris feature extraction apparatus and method, and iris recognition system and method using the same. The method for detecting a pupil for iris recognition, includes the steps of: a) detecting light sources in the pupil from an eye image as two reference points; b) determining first boundary candidate points located between the iris and the pupil of the eye image, which cross over a straight line between the two reference points; c) determining second boundary candidate points located between the iris and the pupil of the eye image, which cross over a perpendicular bisector of a straight line between the first boundary candidate points; and d) determining a location and a size of the pupil by obtaining a radius of a circle and coordinates of a center of the circle based on a center candidate point, wherein the center candidate point is a center point of perpendicular bisectors of straight line between the neighbor boundary candidate points, to thereby detect the pupil.
Owner:JIRIS
Method and installation for detecting and following an eye and the gaze direction thereof
When detecting the position and gaze direction of eyes, a photo sensor (1) and light sources (2, 3) placed around a display (1) and a calculation and control unit (6) are used. One of the light sources is placed around the sensor and includes inner and outer elements (3′; 3″). When only the inner elements are illuminated, a strong bright eye effect in a captured image is obtained, this resulting in a simple detection of the pupils and thereby a safe determination of gaze direction. When only the outer elements and the outer light sources (2) are illuminated, a determination of the distance of the eye from the photo sensor is made. After it has been possible to determine the pupils in an image, in the following captured images only those areas around the pupils are evaluated where the images of the eyes are located. Which one of the eyes that is the left eye and the right eye can be determined by following the images of the eyes and evaluating the positions thereof in successively captured images.
Owner:TOBII TECH AB
Near-to-eye scanning display with exit-pupil expansion
InactiveUS20100079865A1Reduce light lossPolarising elementsDiffraction gratingsExit pupilDisplay device
The specification and drawings present a new apparatus and method for near-to-eye (e.g., retinal) displaying with exit-pupil expansion using a scanning component (e.g., a scanning mirror) and an exit-pupil expander (e.g., diffractive exit-pupil expander) for providing a retinal scanning display with a large exit pupil.
Owner:NOKIA CORP
Method and systems for laser treatment of presbyopia using offset imaging
InactiveUS6280435B1Less attractiveReduce discontinuityLaser surgerySurgical instrument detailsWide areaHyperopic astigmatism
Owner:AMO MFG USA INC
Electrically controlled optical shield for eye protection against bright light
InactiveUS7970172B1Reduce decreaseLower Level RequirementsAntiglare equipmentPedestrian/occupant safety arrangementPupilElectron
An active device provides protection from the sun or other bright light source for improved vision, using a variable opacity medium that is electronically controlled to cast a shadow on an eye of a user and / or to otherwise reduce the amount of the light incident on the eye, thereby reducing glare. Miniature cameras monitor the user's eye movements and the scene in front of the user. If a bright light is detected, one or more dark spots is created in the variable opacity medium that acts as a shade or light filter for a pupil of the eye. The variable opacity medium, cameras, and associated electronics can be used in connection with eyeglasses (including sunglasses), as part of a device worn by the user (such as a helmet), a windshield, mirror, or other optical element having a view port through which light can be seen by the user.
Owner:HENDRICKSON JAMES ANTHONY
Display apparatus
ActiveUS8246170B2Reduce decreaseLow efficiencyProjectorsCathode-ray tube indicatorsShape changePupil
A display apparatus that displays an image on a retina of a user, the display apparatus comprising: an image output unit (100) which includes a light source (101, 110), a wavefront shape change unit (102, 109), and a scan unit (103, 108) and is configured to output display light for displaying the image; and a deflection unit (104, 107) configured to deflect, toward an eye of the user, the display light outputted by the image output unit (100). The deflection unit (104, 107) has a deflection characteristic of suppressing image distortion caused by a change in relative position of the deflection unit (104, 107) with respect to a pupil of the user.
Owner:PANASONIC CORP
Custom eyeglass manufacturing method
A Custom Eyeglass Manufacturing Method includes a wavefront measuring device with a plurality of cameras directed at a patient's face. The resulting images are processed by a computer to determine the location of pupils, center of pupils, pupil distance, width of face, ear location, distance of corneal apex from the wavefront measuring device, distance from ear to corneal apex, and other desired parameters necessary to quantify a patient's face for custom eyeglass fittings. Moldings may be applied to patient's nose, temples, and ears in order to construct a pair of eyeglasses that fix perfectly on patient's head. Additionally, a test frame may be used in combination with the wavefront measuring device in order to allow computer to find some of the areas automatically. Lastly, registration markers may be applied to either the test frame, the moldings, or both in order to further aide the computer in locating desired parameters.
Owner:ESSILOR INT CIE GEN DOPTIQUE +1
Enhanced electro-active lens system
A lens system and optical devices that provide enhanced vision correction are disclosed. The lens system includes an electro-active layer that provides correction of at least one higher order aberration. The higher order correction changes dynamically based on a user of the lens system's needs, such as a change by the user's gaze distance, pupil size, or changes in tear film following blinking, among others. Optical devices are also described that use these and other lens systems to provide correction of higher order aberrations. An optical guide is also described that guides the user's line of sight to see through a lens region having a correction for a higher order aberration.
Owner:E VISION LLC
Exit pupil expanders with wide field-of-view
Owner:MAGIC LEAP INC
Method and apparatus for determining eye contact
InactiveUS6393136B1Input/output for user-computer interactionTelevision system detailsOphthalmologyDivergence angle
A method and apparatus determine when a subject is looking at a specific target area by estimating a divergence angle between (1) the direction in which the subject is looking and (2) the direction from the subject directly to the target area. This technique accesses whether the subject is looking at a particular area. The invention may further condition this determination according to the subject's distance from the target area, because there is less tolerance for divergent angles when the subject is farther away. In one embodiment, the divergence angle is estimated using the position of a glint of light in the subject's pupil. The glint is created by a light source located in the target area. If the glint is sufficiently central to the pupil, with the camera and light source being near the target area, the subject is looking at the target area. At long distances, when the glint is not sufficiently discernable from the pupil, another technique may be employed to estimate divergence angle. Namely, the plane of the subject's face is computed, and analyzed with respect to a vector between the subject's face and the target area. If the plane is substantially normal to the vector, the subject is looking at the target area.
Owner:TOBII TECH AB
Dynamic apertured waveguide for near-eye display
ActiveUS20130051730A1Diffraction efficiencyGood image uniformityDiffraction gratingsCoupling light guidesDynamic apertureLight beam
A near-eye display of a type having an image generator for generating a succession of angularly related beams and waveguide for propagating the angularly related beams to an eyebox within which a virtual image is visible includes a controllable output aperture for such purposes as reconstructing a better defined pupil within the eyebox while also preserving the possibility for viewing the ambient environment from the eyebox through the controllable output aperture.
Owner:VUZIX
Illumination apparatus, illumination method, exposure apparatus, and device manufacturing method
ActiveUS20090116093A1Photomechanical apparatusNon-linear opticsTarget surfaceSpatial light modulator
To optionally forming a multilevel light intensity distribution on an illumination pupil plane, the illumination apparatus implements Köhler illumination on an illumination target surface, using as a light source the light intensity distribution formed on the illumination pupil plane on the basis of light from a light source. The illumination apparatus has a spatial light modulator, a condensing optical system, and a control unit. The spatial light modulator has a plurality of reflecting surfaces which are two-dimensionally arranged and postures of which can be controlled independently of each other. The condensing optical system condenses light from the reflecting surfaces to form a predetermined light intensity distribution on the illumination pupil plane. The control unit controls the number of reflecting surfaces contributing to arriving light, for each of points on the illumination pupil plane forming the light intensity distribution, according to a light intensity distribution to be formed on the illumination pupil plane.
Owner:NIKON CORP
Eye detection apparatus and image display apparatus
What is disclosed is an eye detection apparatus which can detect the pupil position accurately. The apparatus has an image taking unit that picks up an image of an eye and a pupil detection unit that detects the position of the pupil in the eye based on an image picked up by the image taking portion. The pupil detection unit determines the pupil position based on images picked up by the image taking unit in a plurality of states.
Owner:CANON KK
Optical waveguide and display device
In a slab waveguide which expands an image-bearing pupil into a visible image, reflective edge surfaces are used to redirect once-diffracted light back through the same grating structure. The number of separate grating structures thereby can be reduced to two or even one, compared to three in the prior art.
Owner:BAE SYSTEMS PLC
Compact wearable display
ActiveUS8639072B2Minimizing laser speckleDiffraction gratingsCoupling light guidesGratingLight guide
There is provided a wearable display comprising a light source emitting light of a first wavelength; a first SBG device having a front side and a rear side; first and second transparent plates sandwiching said SBG device; independently switchable transparent electrode elements applied to the opposing surfaces of said transparent plates, a means for spatio-temporally modulating light from the light source to provide image light and a means for coupling the image light into the light guide formed by the two transparent plates and the SBG device. The SBG device comprises a multiplicity of selectively switchable grating regions. The SBG device diffracts image into the pupil of an eye.
Owner:DIGILENS
Falsification discrimination method for iris recognition system
The present invention relates to a technique for checking if the reflected image of a light emitting diode for lighting is detected in the image of an iris and determining whether the iris is a living one in order to prevent an illegal intrusion using a simulacrum such as a photograph or dynamic image. The object of the present invention is achieved by a first step of imaging an eye of the user when the user approaches the field of view, processing the image signal, and capturing the image of the iris and pupil, a second step of selectively lighting LEDs for lighting installed on the both sides of a camera while imaging the eye of the user and detecting the reflected image of a corresponding LED in the image of the iris and pupil, a third step of determining that the iris is a falsification and informing the system of the fact if the reflect image of a the corresponding light emitting diode is not detected in the above steps, and determining that the iris is really recognized if detected, and a fourth step of performing a recognition of an iris image signal using a database if the iris is proven to be really recognized and determining whether the image is data registered in the database.
Owner:IRIS ID INC
Non-invasive psychophysical measurement of glucose using photodynamics
Blood glucose concentrations are measured by non-invasive methods and apparatus using visual pigment bleaching in conjunction with psychophysical methodologies. Bleaching light of selected wavelengths is projected through the pupil of the eye of an observer onto the fundus to bleach visual pigments in the eye. The observer's psychophysical response to a visual stimulus is then measured to obtain information regarding the rate of regeneration of the visual pigments. From the rate of pigment regeneration, blood glucose concentrations are measured accurately. The psychophysical methodologies that may be used with the invention include visual acuity tests and color-matching tests.
Owner:FOVIOPTICS INC
Method and system for input detection using structured light projection
Exemplary methods and systems help provide for tracking an eye. An exemplary method may involve: causing the projection of a pattern onto an eye, wherein the pattern comprises at least one line, and receiving data regarding deformation of the at least one line of the pattern. The method further includes correlating the data to iris, sclera, and pupil orientation to determine a position of the eye, and causing an item on a display to move in correlation with the eye position.
Owner:GOOGLE LLC
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