The invention relates to the technical field of
optical imaging, and discloses a novel reflective dark field imaging method and
system based on Fourier conjugate plane modulation, and the method comprises the steps: controlling a first
spatial light modulator to load a dynamic annular illumination pattern, and projecting the dynamic annular illumination pattern to a rear focal plane of an objective lens;
light field distribution formed by scattering
signal light and annular reflected light is separated on a rear focal plane by using an objective lens; relaying the
light field distribution to a conjugate plane where a second
spatial light modulator is located through a second
relay light path; and controlling the second
spatial light modulator to load a dynamic blocking pattern, blocking the annular reflected light and enabling the scattered
signal light to pass through, and finally imaging. According to the invention, two electronically synchronous spatial light modulators are adopted to construct a dynamic illumination
light field and realize adaptive spatial filtering respectively, so that cooperative matching of an illumination pattern and a blocking pattern is realized,
active compensation of optical
chromatic aberration is facilitated, the problem of background leakage under wide-spectrum illumination is solved, and the illumination quality is improved. And a high-
numerical aperture objective lens lacking a dark field channel is compatible.