36results about How to "Facilitate cross-linking" patented technology

The present application relates to the low temperature curing high-strength benzoxazine type silicone adhesive formula and use method, the formula includes the benzoxazine group containing organic silicon compound and organic alkali compound, the mass ratio of benzoxazine group containing organic silicon compound, organic alkali compound is 100:0.1-20.The adhesive of the present application is based on the cooperation between the benzoxazine group containing organic silicon compound and the basic catalyst, can be cured at low temperature, realize the higher strength bonding.The benzoxazine type silicone adhesive formula provided by the present application can be directly used as adhesive, and the bonding strength is high;It can also be used as a basic formula, used as an adhesive after adding other fillers, to meet the different needs of various special occasions.

The invention discloses essential oil microcapsule powder with high oil loading capacity and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of microcapsules, the preparation method comprises the following steps: preparing a gelatin aqueous solution, preparing an Arabic gum aqueous solution, preparing an Arabic gum-starch aqueous solution, preparing a chitosan-tannic acid aqueous solution, preparing an emulsion, and performing primary crosslinking. Performing secondary crosslinking; the essential oil microcapsule powder prepared by the invention not only has high oil loading capacity and low surface oil content, but also has excellent slow release performance, solubility, long-term controlled release performance and flowability, and is uniform in particle size distribution.

The invention discloses composite hydrogel containing azelaic acid and a preparation method of the composite hydrogel, and belongs to the technical field of skin medicines.The azelaic acid is loaded and free azelaic acid is fixed through a layered structure of Ca / LDH powder, and then polymerization modification is conducted through dodecyl methacrylate, so that the composite hydrogel can be firmly smeared on the skin and is prevented from being scoured by sweat, and the skin care effect is good. Moreover, the Ca / LDH powder has an ion exchange characteristic between layers, so that a slow release effect on azelaic acid can be achieved; encapsulated menthol exists in the composite hydrogel containing azelaic acid, the encapsulated menthol is used for clathrating menthol through the clathration of a chitosan / cyclodextrin encapsulation carrier, and after clathration of the chitosan / cyclodextrin encapsulation carrier, a compact crystal structure of the carrier and the cavity clathration of cyclodextrin form a double barrier, so that the composite hydrogel containing azelaic acid has a good barrier effect. Contact between menthol and outside air and temperature is isolated, and volatilization loss of menthol is greatly reduced.

The invention relates to the technical field of drying ovens for processing, and discloses a drying oven for water-based PU leather processing and a drying method.The drying oven comprises a preheating cavity and a primary drying cavity formed in one side of the preheating cavity, a main cavity is fixedly assembled on the side, away from the preheating cavity, of the primary drying cavity, and a final drying cavity is fixedly assembled on the side, away from the primary drying cavity, of the main cavity; a sliding rail mechanism is fixedly mounted on the inner side wall, perpendicular to the primary drying cavity, of the preheating cavity, a winding roller is slidably assembled on the side, away from the preheating cavity, of the sliding rail mechanism, and a medium-wave infrared lamp tube is fixedly mounted at the top end, facing the winding roller, of the interior of the preheating cavity. A first lamp tube set is fixedly installed on the inner side wall, perpendicular to the medium-wave infrared lamp tube, of the primary drying cavity. According to the invention, a sectional structure of the preheating cavity, the primary drying cavity, the main cavity and the final drying cavity is adopted, and differential heating assemblies of all the cavities are matched, so that a gradient drying process is realized, and the defects caused by rapid drying of a single cavity are thoroughly avoided.

This invention discloses a fermentation control method for adjusting the gluten protein network structure, relating to the field of food processing technology. It aims to solve the problem of the difficulty in stably constructing an ideal gluten protein network structure using existing technologies. The method includes the following steps: S1, selecting high-gluten wheat flour with a protein content of 12%-15%, and mixing it with water at a ratio of 1:0.5-0.6 to form a dough; S2, placing the dough in a static magnetic field environment with an intensity of 0.5-1.0 mT for 15-30 minutes; S3, transferring the dough to an environment with a temperature of 28-30℃ and a relative humidity of 70%-75% for a first fermentation of 60-90 minutes; S4, after the first fermentation, gently folding the dough 3-5 times, and then letting it rest for 10-15 minutes; S5, placing the dough again in an environment with a temperature of 32-35℃ and a relative humidity of 75%-80% for a second fermentation of 30-45 minutes. This invention has the advantage of making the gluten network structure formed in the dough during fermentation more uniform and dense.

The application provides a flame-retardant composite PVC alloy material and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of flame-retardant materials.The flame-retardant composite PVC alloy material contains PVC, AS and ZnCl2 in components;in a combustion process, ZnCl2 can interact with the structure generated by the dehydrochlorination of PVC, the nitrile group of the acrylonitrile unit in AS and the aromatic structure of the styrene unit, promotes crosslinking of chain segments, cyclization of the nitrile group and aromatization reaction, and makes more combustible cracking products be converted into condensed phase residual carbon.At the same time, the existing technical prejudice that AS is flammable and flame retardant of PVC can only add flame retardant is overcome.Through the ingenious cooperation of the functions of the three components of PVC, AS and ZnCl2, the effect of jointly improving the flame-retardant property of the material is achieved.The flame-retardant composite PVC alloy material has good compatibility of components, uniform and excellent flame-retardant effect, no migration segregation, and no toxic gas generated in the combustion process.

The application belongs to the field of food preservation technology, and relates to a chitosan-gelatin composite preservative solution based on plasma-activated water modification and a preparation method and application thereof. First, PAW is used to prepare chitosan solution and gelatin solution respectively, and the composite preservative solution is obtained after mixing and homogenizing. The coating is dehydrated to form a preservative film. The PAW is prepared by treating deionized water with low-temperature plasma, and is rich in active ingredients such as hydroxyl radicals and hydrogen peroxide, which can effectively modify chitosan and gelatin, enhance intermolecular crosslinking, and form a composite film with a dense network structure. The composite film can be applied to fish preservation through coating or immersion, can effectively inhibit the growth of microorganisms, and can improve the color of fish fillets. In addition, the composite film has the function of delaying protein degradation by inhibiting endogenous protease activity, thereby maintaining the muscle tissue structure and prolonging the shelf life of chilled fish fillets. The application has the advantages of simple process, green safety, remarkable preservation effect, and wide market application prospect.

The application discloses a hard carbon negative electrode active material and a preparation method and application thereof. The preparation method of the hard carbon negative electrode active material comprises the following steps: (1) dissolving gelatin and a reducing sugar in water to obtain an electrostatic spinning solution; (2) performing electrostatic spinning on the electrostatic spinning solution by taking an aluminum foil as a receiving base material to obtain an electrostatic spinning nanofiber membrane, and then performing standing to completely volatilize water, so that a gelatin-based nanofiber negative electrode precursor is formed; and (3) performing pre-carbonization treatment on the gelatin-based nanofiber negative electrode precursor in a nitrogen atmosphere, and then performing high-temperature carbonization, so that the hard carbon negative electrode active material is obtained after cooling. The hard carbon negative electrode active material prepared by the method can realize the controllability of the pore structure and the carbon-hydrogen microstructure of the hard carbon negative electrode active material, the prepared hard carbon negative electrode active material does not need a support body and a binder, the weight and the volume of the electrode can be reduced, and the overall energy density and the power density of the battery can be improved.

This invention relates to the field of food processing technology and discloses a method for improving the stability and bioavailability of astaxanthin by combining piperine with a whey protein fibrillary-algin complex. The method specifically includes the following steps: S1. Preparation of whey protein fibrillary; S2. Loading piperine onto whey protein fibrillary; S3. Complexation of piperine-loaded whey protein fibrillary with sodium alginate; S4. Preparation of an astaxanthin-piperine co-encapsulated emulsion. This invention constructs a three-dimensional network resistant to pepsin hydrolysis through electrostatic complexation; enhances the effective concentration of piperine in the intestine through co-encapsulation, efficiently regulating the expression of P-gp efflux transport proteins and the transmembrane absorption of astaxanthin; and utilizes the functional property of piperine to inhibit the activity of P-gp efflux transport proteins to achieve efficient absorption of astaxanthin.

This invention belongs to the field of epoxy resins, specifically relating to toughening agent particles with a core-shell structure and a low-temperature impact-resistant epoxy resin composition. The toughening agent particles with a core-shell structure comprise a core of TPU nanoparticles and a shell of liquid crystal epoxy molecules grafted onto the TPU nanoparticles. Polyether-type TPU exhibits good low-temperature flexibility, and by grafting liquid crystal epoxy molecules, both the toughening effect and compatibility with the epoxy resin substrate are improved. The low-temperature impact-resistant epoxy resin composition comprises epoxy resin, toughening agent particles, and a composite accelerator system. By adding toughening agent particles, the notched impact strength at -40°C is increased by more than 60%.

To provide a fluorinated elastic copolymer in which the contents of metal elements and chloride ions are low, and a method for producing a fluorinated elastic copolymer, whereby it is possible to obtain a fluorinated elastic copolymer in which the contents of metal elements and chloride ions are low. A fluorinated elastic copolymer in which the content of metal elements is at most 20.0 ppm by mass and the content of chloride ions is at most 1 ppm by mass; and a method for producing a fluorinated elastic copolymer, which comprises coagulating a fluorinated elastic copolymer in a latex containing the fluorinated elastic copolymer by using an acid containing no metal elements or no chloride ions, and washing the coagulated fluorinated elastic copolymer with a liquid medium having a content of metal elements of at most 2.0 ppm by mass and a content of chloride ions of at most 2 ppm by mass.

This invention discloses a caprolactone copolymer foam material, its preparation method, and a shoe sole. The caprolactone copolymer foam material is prepared by supercritical foaming of the following components in parts by weight: 90-95 parts thermoplastic polyurethane; 1-3 parts antioxidant; 0.1-0.5 parts plasticizer; 0.5-2 parts ultraviolet absorber; 1-4 parts anti-hydrolysis agent; and 2-5 parts filler. The thermoplastic polyurethane is composed of the following components in parts by weight: 5-10 parts butanediol; 8-15 parts oxalic acid dihydrate; 2-5 parts caprolactone; 6-10 parts hexamethylene diisocyanate; and 1-3 parts neopentyl glycol. This material exhibits sufficiently light weight and excellent support and cushioning properties.

The application discloses a polylactic acid composition and a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of polylactic acid external dressings. The polylactic acid composition comprises components A, B and C. The component A comprises the following components in parts by weight: 45-50 parts of gelatin composite hydroxyl-terminated polylactic acid-glycolic acid copolymer, 20-25 parts of dimyristoyl phosphatidyl ethanolamine-polyethylene glycol-sodium alginate modified with amino, and microencapsulated TG enzyme. The component B is a mixed solution of hyaluronic acid oligosaccharide, tannic acid and calcium citrate. The component C is an aqueous solution of hyaluronic acid oligosaccharide and glycerol. The polylactic acid composition is combined with a casein-beta cyclodextrin embedded plant extract to obtain a skin care combination product. The skin care combination product can form a dense and hydrophobic drug application layer on the surface of the skin, and the volatile loss of the plant extract is reduced compared with the prior art.

The present application relates to the technical field of carbon-coated current collector, in particular to a preparation method of high-rate carbon-coated aluminum foil current collector for lithium battery, the present application improves the cohesion of the slurry and the contact with the surface of the aluminum foil through the modification of the binder, thereby effectively coping with the volume change caused by the deintercalation and intercalation of lithium ions at high rate, ensuring the stability of the electrode material during high-rate charge and discharge process. The present application also uses lithium methacrylate and butyl acrylate as monomers to prepare a polyacrylate binder, and adds hexamethylene diisocyanate to enhance the compatibility between the binder and the graphene loaded with carbon powder, so that the graphene loaded with carbon powder is more uniformly dispersed in the polyacrylate binder, the peeling strength of the carbon-coated aluminum foil current collector is enhanced, the capacity retention is improved, and the performance of the battery is improved.

The invention discloses a stiff adhesive as well as a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of adhesives. The stiff adhesive is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: a vinyl monomer, acrylic ester, metacrylic acid ester, a functional monomer, protective glue, an emulsifier, an initiator, a cross-linking agent and deionized water, the functional monomer is at least one of acrylamide, hydroxyethyl acrylate, hydroxymethyl acrylamide and glycidyl methacrylate; the stiffening agent adhesive can be used as a stiffening agent coating, can also be used as an adhesive for wet bonding, and is used for bonding multiple layers of fabrics or paper and providing stiffness.

This invention discloses a high-adhesion UV-cured waterproof printing process for paper printed materials, belonging to the field of printing technology. The process includes vacuum dehydration of hydroxyl-terminated hyperbranched polyester, followed by reaction with isophorone diisocyanate using a catalyst to obtain a prepolymer; then, partial reaction with hydroxyethyl acrylate and monohydroxyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane, followed by reaction with a silane coupling agent until the isocyanate peak disappears, yielding a modified resin; under light and water-protected conditions, the resin, reactive diluent, photoinitiator, fluorocarbon modified acrylate, and dehydrating agent are rapidly dispersed in a specific ratio to obtain a UV-cured waterproof varnish; this varnish is then coated onto paper printed materials with an ink layer, leveled, and subjected to UV primary curing, followed by standing at a suitable temperature and humidity for 24-48 hours to obtain a high-adhesion waterproof paper printed material. This invention promotes further cross-linking of the silane groups in the system, resulting in an extremely strong bond between the varnish layer and the paper printed material with an ink layer, thus achieving excellent high adhesion.

The application belongs to the technical field of eye medication, and specifically designs a metal riboflavin nanomaterial and a trans-epithelial corneal cross-linking preparation. The metal riboflavin (nRfpM) nanomaterial is obtained by coordinating modification of metal ions on the -HPO4- group of riboflavin sodium phosphate. n+ The lipophilicity of the nRfpM nanomaterial is greatly improved due to the coordination of the -HPO4- group for improving the hydrophilicity of the Rfp molecule, and the trans-epithelial delivery capacity of the product nRfpM nanomaterial is further improved, so that the trans-epithelial corneal cross-linking effect of the obtained product is greatly improved and can be comparable to the clinical de-epithelial corneal cross-linking effect, thereby providing a new type of reagent for trans-epithelial corneal cross-linking and having important clinical application prospects.

This invention discloses a method for preparing a nano high-frequency high-speed substrate; belonging to the field of copper clad laminate substrate preparation technology; its key technical points include the following steps: (1) Mixing: Weigh 50-60 parts of liquid crystal bismaleimide / diallyl diphenyl ether copolymer, 20-30 parts of organic solvent, 17.5-30 parts of modified hexagonal nano boron nitride sheet KH570-BNNSs suspension, 1-2 parts of flame retardant, 0.2-0.5 parts of curing agent and 0.5-1.0 parts of coupling agent and pass through a mixture at 1500 rpm. (1) High-frequency high-speed adhesive is obtained by high-speed stirring for 2-4 hours; (2) Adhesive application: the low dielectric constant glass fiber cloth is unwound, initially impregnated with the high-frequency high-speed adhesive, and then impregnated on one side before being mainly impregnated to remove the air in the low dielectric constant glass fiber cloth. Then, it is extruded and dried in sequence to obtain a semi-cured sheet; (3) Assembly; (4) Pressing; The present invention aims to provide a method for preparing a nano high-frequency high-speed substrate with a scientific preparation method, high substrate strength and low water absorption rate; used for the preparation of copper clad laminate substrates.

This invention discloses a starch-based particleboard adhesive that cures rapidly at medium and low temperatures and its preparation method, belonging to the field of adhesive preparation technology. The starch-based particleboard adhesive of this invention comprises component A and component B; component A includes: 150 parts starch, 200-300 parts water, 20-25 parts concentrated hydrochloric acid, 12-18 parts dilute nitric acid, 25-40 parts sodium hydroxide solution, 6-9 parts initiator, 27-35 parts grafted monomer, and 2-5 parts emulsifier; component B includes: 8-11 parts ethylenediamine, a post-crosslinking agent. This starch-based particleboard adhesive effectively solves the problems of high curing temperature and long curing time in existing starch adhesives. While maintaining a relatively fast curing speed, it can reduce the curing temperature to 105℃, reducing the energy consumption in particleboard production. It can be widely used in the hot-press bonding of particleboard, plywood, fiberboard, and wood blocks.

The invention relates to the technical field of spinning, in particular to an environment-friendly anti-fading permanent antistatic polypropylene fiber simulation wig fiber and a preparation method thereof. The kit is composed of the following raw materials in parts by weight: 100 parts of PCR PP; 5-20 parts of a fixation antistatic color master batch; 0.5 to 5 parts of a compatilizer; 0.5-1 part of a processing aid; the color-fixing antistatic color master batch comprises PP powder, an antistatic agent, a coloring agent, a treating agent containing active silicone oil and branched hydroxyl polyester. The active silicone oil in the treating agent containing the active silicone oil is bis (2-methoxy-4-propylphenol) terminated polydimethylsiloxane and / or multi-branched chain polyether modified epoxy silicone oil. The polypropylene fiber simulation wig fiber obtained by the scheme has better environmental protection, permanent antistatic property, fading and drapability resistance and mechanical property at the same time.

This invention relates to the field of polymer materials technology, and proposes a high-strength water-swellable polyurethane elastomer and its preparation method. The raw materials of the high-strength water-swellable polyurethane elastomer include component A and component B in a mass ratio of 100:55~60; component A includes a polyurethane prepolymer; component B includes allyl polyoxyethylene ether, polyether polyol, and chain extender; the raw materials of the polyurethane prepolymer include isocyanate and polyether polyol. This technical solution solves the problems of insufficient mechanical properties and low expansion ratio of water-swellable polyurethane elastomers in related technologies.

This invention relates to a rapid film-forming repair composition, its preparation method, and its application. The rapid film-forming repair composition comprises: a rapid film-forming repair component, a film softener, a pH adjuster, a preservative, and water. The film-forming repair component includes: Suizenji nori polysaccharide, galactoarabinogalactan, and sodium dextran sulfate. The three components, Suizenji nori polysaccharide, galactoarabinogalactan, and sodium dextran sulfate, interact synergistically to promote skin improvement. Specifically, they can accelerate the formation of a film after application of the active ingredients, effectively conditioning and repairing the skin. Furthermore, they can alleviate skin inflammation and redness, and promote tissue regeneration. The rapid film-forming repair composition provided by this invention is highly suitable for use in skincare products, being gentle, non-irritating, and stable.

This invention discloses an enhanced antistatic polyetheretherketone (PEEK) composite material and its preparation method. The composite material is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 60-85 parts of PEEK resin, 5-15 parts of a first synergistic component, 3-10 parts of a second synergistic component, 2-8 parts of a third synergistic component, and 1-5 parts of a high-temperature processing aid. The first synergistic component is a mixture of a metal-based conductive filler and a high-temperature resistant antistatic synergist; the second synergistic component is ionic liquid-functionalized modified graphene; the third synergistic component is a composite of carbon nanotubes and conductive nanofibers; and the high-temperature processing aid includes a high-temperature lubricant and a high-temperature antioxidant. The preparation method includes steps such as preparing various premixes, melt blending, extrusion granulation, and supercritical fluid in-mold foaming. This invention constructs a stable three-dimensional conductive network through the synergistic effect of multi-scale conductive fillers, giving the composite material excellent antistatic properties.

The application belongs to the technical field of ion sieve adsorption, and particularly relates to a manganese-based ion sieve composite hydrogel and a preparation method thereof. 1.6 Mn 1.6 O4 precursor, and further processing obtains H 1.6 Mn 1.6 O4 ion sieve. The H 1.6 Mn 1.6 O4 ion sieve is mixed with a photo-thermal agent and a surfactant to obtain an HMO suspension; the HMO suspension is mixed with a gelatin aqueous solution, acrylamide and a pore-forming agent to obtain a hydrogel premix; the hydrogel premix is subjected to low-temperature initiation and high-temperature curing, and then is soaked in deionized water to obtain the manganese-based ion sieve composite hydrogel. The composite hydrogel prepared by the application has strong lithium ion adsorption force and can effectively complete the function of lithium extraction from salt lake brine.

This invention discloses a high-density, high-strength "three-layer structure" carbon-based composite material and its preparation method. The method includes: mixing activated coke with a D50 of 3-6 μm and microcrystalline graphite powder with a D50 of 10-60 μm to obtain a mixed powder; kneading the mixed powder in a kneading pan, removing moisture, heating to 160-240℃, then adding a molten binder or modified binder, and simultaneously adding a modifier, followed by kneading with the lid closed; after kneading, pouring the mixture into a rolling mill for rolling, then crushing and sieving to obtain pressed powder; vacuum-treating the pressed powder, then molding and isostatically pressing to obtain green blocks, and finally calcining to obtain the carbon-based composite material. This invention has a short production cycle and low cost. The carbon-based composite material obtained has a one-layer interface structure, a two-layer brazed structure, and a three-layer steel-concrete structure. The special "three-layer" structure design achieves a dual effect of "reinforced aggregate complementarity + micro-active layer construction," which can effectively improve the bulk density, mechanical strength, homogeneity, and stability of the carbon-based composite material.

The application provides a perovskite thin film and a preparation process thereof and a perovskite solar cell, and belongs to the technical field of solar cells.The perovskite thin film comprises the following preparation steps: mixing, stirring, heating and ultrasonicating MXene powder, anhydrous dichloromethane and succinyl chloride, filtering and washing, mixing with anhydrous ethanol and performing suction filtration, and heating and drying to obtain a composite mesh; mixing, stirring, ultrasonicating and filtering 1-allyl-3-methyl imidazole iodide, 2-hydroxy-2-methyl-1-phenyl-1-propanone and anhydrous acetonitrile to obtain a buffer; laying the first piece of composite mesh on a substrate, performing hot pressing treatment, dropping the buffer and performing spin coating, irradiating with ultraviolet light, dropping a precursor solution and performing spin coating, laying the second piece of composite mesh, dropping ethyl acetate and performing spin coating, adjusting humidity, and heating and annealing to obtain the perovskite thin film.The perovskite thin film prepared by the application can improve the open-circuit voltage, the fill factor and the photoelectric conversion efficiency of the perovskite solar cell.

The application relates to the technical field of fireproof flame-retardant materials, in particular to a self-extinguishing material, a preparation method and application. The self-extinguishing material is prepared by the preparation method. The preparation method comprises the following steps: preparing a fire extinguishing slurry; uniformly coating the fire extinguishing slurry on a porous flame-retardant foam material to obtain a fire extinguishing functional layer; wrapping a flame-retardant packaging layer, an elastic buffer layer and a corrosion and moisture prevention layer from inside to outside on the outer side of the fire extinguishing functional layer to obtain the self-extinguishing material. The application comprises the application of the self-extinguishing material in building fire prevention, new energy battery thermal runaway protection, electrical equipment fire prevention and / or closed space fire extinguishing. The self-extinguishing material prepared by the application can capture and consume combustion free radicals, and the self-extinguishing function is realized.

An example semiconductor processing method may include providing a first silicon-containing precursor and a second silicon-containing precursor to a processing region of a semiconductor processing chamber. A substrate may be disposed within the processing region of the semiconductor processing chamber. The first silicon-containing precursor may include a Si-O bond. The method may include forming a plasma of the first silicon-containing precursor and the second silicon-containing precursor in the processing region. The method may include forming a silicon-containing material layer on the substrate. The silicon-containing material layer may be characterized by a dielectric constant of less than or about 3.0.

The application discloses a double-sided hydrogel scaffold for urethral repair and a preparation process thereof, and belongs to the technical field of biomaterials. The PCH@PVA scaffold is constructed, a base layer on the tissue side creates a eutrophication and guiding microenvironment for regeneration by using heparin, and a functional layer on the lumen side effectively blocks the penetration of harmful components in urine and the colonization of bacteria by a polyvinyl alcohol coating, and by optimizing the crosslinking degree of PVA, the PVA has excellent mechanical toughness and elasticity, can not only withstand the periodic expansion of the urethra without breaking, but also can transmit mechanical stimulation close to the physiological range, guide cells to functional regeneration instead of pathological fibrosis. The PCH@PVA scaffold provided by the application has excellent effects in promoting re-epithelialization, angiogenesis, inhibiting fibrosis and preventing stenosis. The application also provides a new design paradigm and theoretical basis for tissue regeneration strategies in other complex physiological microenvironments.

This invention provides a highly efficient and stable method for cross-linking fat-soluble vitamins and carotenoids into microcapsules. Rapid cross-linking of the microcapsules can be achieved through low temperature and high humidity, resulting in water-repellent fat-soluble vitamin microcapsules. This method offers advantages such as rapid cross-linking, uniform and saturated cross-linked particles, low vitamin activity loss, long product shelf life, and high bioavailability.