17766 results about "Chemistry" patented technology

A high-performance liquid crystal display device is provided that can be manufactured at a low cost and a high production yield. In this liquid crystal display device, a liquid crystal composition comprising liquid crystal molecules and a polymerizable compound that can be polymerized by ultraviolet rays or by a combination of ultraviolet rays and heat is disposed between a pair of substrates; the polymerizable compound is polymerized, forming a liquid crystal layer, by an operation including irradiation of ultraviolet rays that do not contain wavelength components of not higher than 313 nm; and uneven portions are installed on the liquid crystal layer contacting surface, or a slit pattern is installed in an electrode, or uneven portions are installed on the liquid crystal layer contacting surface, and a slit pattern is installed in the electrode.

The present invention relates to molecules, particularly polypeptides, more particularly immunoglobulins (e.g., antibodies), comprising a variant Fc region, wherein said variant Fc region comprises at least one amino acid modification relative to a wild-type Fc region, which variant Fc region binds FcgammaRIIIA and/or FcgammaRIIA with a greater affinity, relative to a comparable molecule comprising the wild-type Fc region. The molecules of the invention are particularly useful in preventing, treating, or ameliorating one or more symptoms associated with a disease, disorder, or infection. The molecules of the invention are particularly useful for the treatment or prevention of a disease or disorder where an enhanced efficacy of effector cell function (e.g., ADCC) mediated by FcgammaR is desired, e.g., cancer, infectious disease, and in enhancing the therapeutic efficacy of therapeutic antibodies the effect of which is mediated by ADCC.

The invention relates to processes that efficiently convert carbon-containing materials, such as biomass, into products in such a manner that the energy, carbon, and mass content of the materials are efficiently transferred into such products. Such methods include converting the materials into at least one intermediate by a biological conversion process and at least one intermediate by a thermochemical conversion process and reacting the intermediates to form the product. Such methods have a chemical energy efficiency to produce the product that is greater than the chemical energy efficiency of a solely biological conversion process to produce the product and that is greater than the chemical energy efficiency of a process in which all of the material is initially subjected to a thermochemical conversion step as part of the process to produce the product.

A two-phase electrophoretic medium comprises a continuous phase and a discontinuous phase. The discontinuous phase comprises a plurality of droplets, each of which comprises a suspending fluid and at least one particle disposed within the suspending fluid and capable of moving through the fluid upon application of an electric field to the electrophoretic medium. The continuous phase surrounds and encapsulates the discontinuous phase. The discontinuous phase comprises at least about 40 percent by volume of the electrophoretic medium.

Embodiments of the invention generally provide methods for forming a silicon-based photovoltaic device. In one embodiment, a method includes forming a pattern inhibitor layer on a back surface of a substrate, wherein the pattern inhibitor layer covers a first portion of the back surface and a second portion of the back surface remains substantially free of the pattern inhibitor layer. The method further includes forming a passivation layer containing aluminum oxide on the second portion of the back surface and maintaining the pattern inhibitor layer substantially free of the passivation layer during a selective atomic layer deposition (S-ALD) process. Additionally, the method includes removing the pattern inhibitor layer from the back surface to reveal the first portion of the back surface and subsequently forming a contact layer on the first portion of the back surface.

A hygroscopic pharmaceutical composition includes at least one hygroscopic substance at a concentration sufficient to provide an Aw value of at least 0.9 and an antiinfective agent. A foamble pharmaceutical carrier includes about 50% to about 98% of a polar solvent selected from the group consisting of a polyol and PEG; 0% to about 48% of a secondary polar solvent; about 0.2% to about 5% by weight of a surface-active agent; about 0.01% to about 5% by weight of at least one polymeric agent; and a liquefied or compressed gas propellant at a concentration of about 3% to about 25% by weight of the total composition.

Methods and systems for processing polynucleotides (e.g., DNA) are disclosed. A processing region includes one or more surfaces (e.g., particle surfaces) modified with ligands that retain polynucleotides under a first set of conditions (e.g., temperature and pH) and release the polynucleotides under a second set of conditions (e.g., higher temperature and/or more basic pH). The processing region can be used to, for example, concentrate polynucleotides of a sample and/or separate inhibitors of amplification reactions from the polynucleotides. Microfluidic devices with a processing region are disclosed.

Disclosed is a producing method of a semiconductor device comprising a first step of supplying a first reactant to a substrate to cause a ligand-exchange reaction between a ligand of the first reactant and a ligand as a reactive site existing on a surface of the substrate, a second step of removing a surplus of the first reactant, a third step of supplying a second reactant to the substrate to cause a ligand-exchange reaction to change the ligand after the exchange in the first step into a reactive site, a fourth step of removing a surplus of the second reactant, and a fifth step of supplying a plasma-excited third reactant to the substrate to cause a ligand-exchange reaction to exchange a ligand which has not been exchange-reacted into the reactive site in the third step into the reactive site, wherein the first to fifth steps are repeated predetermined times.

The present invention provides new compositions containing naearly monodisperse colloidal core/shell semiconductor nanocrystals with high photoluminescence quantum yields (PL QY), as well as other complex structured semiconductor nanocrystals. This invention also provides new synthetic methods for preparing these nanocrystals, and new devices comprising these compositions. In addition to core/shell semiconductor nanocrystals, this patent application also provides complex semiconductor nanostructures, quantum shells, quantum wells, doped nanocrystals, and other multiple-shelled semiconductor nanocrystals.

Compounds and compositions comprising specific metal salts of bicyclo[2.2.1 ]heptane dicarboxylate salts in order to provide highly desirable properties within polyolefin articles are provided. The inventive salts and derivatives thereof are useful as nucleating and/or clarifying agents for such polyolefin, provide excellent crystallization temperatures, stiffness, and calcium stearate compatibility within target polyolefin. Also, such compounds exhibit very low hygroscopicity and therefore excellent shelf stability as powdered or granular formulations. Polyolefin additive compositions and methods of producing polyolefin with such compounds are also contemplated within this invention.

A self-immolative dendrimer capable of releasing all of its tail units upon a single cleavage event, methods of synthesizing same and uses thereof are disclosed.

A chamber passivation method particularly useful for hydrogen plasma cleaning of low-k dielectrics prior to coating a barrier layer into a via hole with hydrogen radicals are provided from a remote plasma source. For each wafer, the chamber is passivated with water vapor (or other gas even more chemabsorbed on plasma facing walls) passed through the remote plasma source prior to the ignition of the hydrogen plasma. The water vapor is absorbed on walls, such as alumina and quartz parts of the remote plasma source, and forms a protective mono-layer that endures sufficiently long to protect the walls during the generation of the hydrogen plasma. Thereby, the plasma facing walls, particularly of a dielectric such as alumina, are protected from etching.

An OLED device comprises a cathode, an anode, and has therebetween a light-emitting layer containing a phosphorescent emitter and a host comprising a first aluminum or gallium complex containing at least one 2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)pyridine ligand and at least one phenoxy ligand, wherein the phenoxy ligand is substituted by an amine or there is further present adjacent to the light-emitting layer on the cathode side a layer containing a second aluminum or gallium complex containing at least one 2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)pyridine ligand and at least one phenoxy ligand.

A device (6) and a method for generating chlorine trifluoride is described, a high-density plasma (105) being generated in the interior of a plasma reactor (100) using plasma generating means (110, 120, 130, 150, 155, 160, 170, 180), and a first gas and a second gas, which react with one another under the influence of the high-density plasma (105) in the plasma reactor (100) under the formation of chlorine trifluoride, being supplied to the plasma reactor (100) via gas supply means (21, 22, 25, 26). In addition, a gas outlet (20) is provided, via which the generated chlorine trifluoride can be removed from the plasma reactor (100). Finally, a system (5) for etching semiconductor substrates (30), silicon wafers in particular, is described including such an upstream device (6), the system (5) having a process chamber (10) which is connected to the plasma reactor (100) via the gas outlet (20), and the semiconductor substrate (30) being situated in the process chamber (10) and exposed to the gaseous chlorine trifluoride generated by the device (6).

The present invention provides thrombospondin, thyroglobulin and trfoil/PD monomer domains and multimers comprising the monomer domains are provided. Methods, compositions, libraries and cells that express one or more library member, along with kits and integrated systems, are also included in the present invention.

Embodiments of the invention provide lateral flow and flow-through bioassay devices based on patterned porous media, methods of making same, and methods of using same. Under one aspect, an assay device includes a porous, hydrophilic medium; a fluid impervious barrier comprising polymerized photoresist, the barrier substantially permeating the thickness of the porous, hydrophilic medium and defining a boundary of an assay region within the porous, hydrophilic medium; and an assay reagent in the assay region.

Some embodiments disclosed herein provide a plurality of compositions each comprising a protein binding reagent conjugated with an oligonucleotide. The oligonucleotide comprises a unique identifier for the protein binding reagent it is conjugated with, and the protein binding reagent is capable of specifically binding to a protein target. Further disclosed are methods and kits for quantitative analysis of a plurality of protein targets in a sample and for simultaneous quantitative analysis of protein and nucleic acid targets in a sample. Also disclosed herein are systems and methods for preparing a labeled biomolecule reagent, including a labeled biomolecule agent comprising a protein binding reagent conjugated with an oligonucleotide.

The invention provides an interlayer film for a laminated glass and a laminated glass, which are protected against a slump in TL value through attenuation of said coincidence effect and adapted to display an outstanding sound insulation performance over a broad temperature range. An interlayer film for a laminated glass comprising a plasticizer and a polyacetal resin, which is a blend of a polyacetal resin having an average polymerization degree of 1,000 to 3,000 and a polyacetal resin having an average polymerization degree of 3,000 to 5,000, and which has an acetalization degree of 60 to 85 mol % and an acetyl group content of 8 to 30 mol %. An interlayer film for a laminated glass which shows a temperature dependence of loss tangent in which the lowest-temperature side maximum of loss tangent appears at 30° C. or lower when examined for dynamic viscoelasticity.

The present invention recognizes that separation of components of a sample facilitate, and are often necessary for, sample analysis. Dielectrophoretic separation provides an efficient, reliable, nondisruptive, and automatable method for the separation of moieties in a sample based on their dielectric properties. The present invention provides compositions and methods for enhancing the dielectrophoretic separation of one or more moieties in a sample. A first aspect of the present invention is a solution that when mixed with a sample, modifies at least one dielectric property of one or more components of the sample and has a conductivity such that one or more moieties of the sample can be separated using dielectrophoresis. Such solutions can be used in the analysis of samples on chips, and can be used in methods that use binding partners, including microparticles that can be translocated by dielectrophoretic forces, traveling-wave dielectrophoretic forces or magnetic forces.

A process for the selective production of ethyl acetate by vapor phase reaction of acetic acid over a hydrogenating catalyst composition to form ethyl acetate is disclosed and claimed. In an embodiment of this invention reaction of acetic acid and hydrogen over platinum and copper supported on silica selectively produces ethyl acetate in a vapor phase at a temperature of about 250° C.

The present invention concerns methods and compositions for stably tethered structures of defined compositions, which may have multiple functionalities and/or binding specificities. Particular embodiments concern homodimers comprising monomers that contain a dimerization and docking domain attached to a precursor. The precursors may be virtually any molecule or structure, such as antibodies, antibody fragments, antibody analogs or mimetics, aptamers, binding peptides, fragments of binding proteins, known ligands for proteins or other molecules, enzymes, detectable labels or tags, therapeutic agents, toxins, pharmaceuticals, cytokines, interleukins, interferons, radioisotopes, proteins, peptides, peptide mimetics, polynucleotides, RNAi, oligosaccharides, natural or synthetic polymeric substances, nanoparticles, quantum dots, organic or inorganic compounds, etc. Other embodiments concern tetramers comprising a first and second homodimer, which may be identical or different. The disclosed methods and compositions provide a facile and general way to obtain homodimers, homotetramers and heterotetramers of virtually any functionality and/or binding specificity.

The invention provides methods and apparatus for selectively producing ethanol from syngas. As disclosed herein, syngas derived from cellulosic biomass (or other sources) can be catalytically converted into methanol, which in turn can be catalytically converted into acetic acid or acetates. Finally, the acetic acid or acetates can be reduced to ethanol according to several variations. In some embodiments, yields of ethanol from biomass can exceed 100 gallons per dry ton of biomass.

The present invention relates to lamellar phase compositions comprising dned surfactant systems and a structurant selected from the group consisting of liquid fatty acids liquid alcohols and derivatives thereof which structurant is responsible for inducing the lamellar phrase.

The invention relates to a global reduction method of the concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide, which is one of the green house gas and the most causative substance to the earth warming, by direct electrolysis treatment of the surface ocean water.

The invention provides a method for forming an immobilized agent gradient within a 3-dimensional porous scaffold. A 3-dimensional scaffold formed from a biocompatible material is provided. The surface of the scaffold and/ or the agent is activated so as to allow binding of the agent to the scaffold. The activated scaffold is contacted with a solution containing the agent. Contact with the solution is maintained for a sufficient period of time to allow diffusion of the solution through a portion of the scaffold, thereby forming a desired gradient of the agent through the 3-dimensional scaffold.

A method of fractionating biomass, by permeability conditioning biomass suspended in a pH adjusted solution of at least one water-based polar solvent to form a conditioned biomass, intimately contacting the pH adjusted solution with at least one non-polar solvent, partitioning to obtain an non-polar solvent solution and a polar biomass solution, and recovering cell and cell derived products from the non-polar solvent solution and polar biomass solution. Products recovered from the above method. A method of operating a renewable and sustainable plant for growing and processing algae.

The present invention provides bifunctional polymers, methods of preparing the same, and intermediates thereto. These compounds are useful in a variety of applications including the PEGylation of biologically active molecules. The invention also provides methods of using said compounds and compositions thereof.

The present invention relates to processes for preparing gaseous products, and in particular, methane via the catalytic gasification of carbonaceous feedstocks in the presence of steam. The processes comprise using at least one methanation step to convert carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the gaseous products to methane and do not recycle carbon monoxide or hydrogen to the catalytic gasifier.

A sensor (10,110) is provided for determination of various concentrations of one or more components within a fluid sample. The sensor (10,110) includes an injection molded body (12,112), at least two electrodes (30,31,32,130,131,132), an enzyme (57,157), and, if desired, an electron transfer mediator. The body includes a reaction zone (24,124) for receiving a fluid sample. The electrodes (30,31,32,130,131,132) are at least partially embedded within the plastic body (12,112) and extend into the reaction zone (24,124). Also contained within the reaction zone is an enzyme (57,157) capable of catalyzing a reaction involving a compound within the fluid sample.

Methods are provided for detecting low copy nucleic acids of interest in a sample. In one method, a sample comprising a nucleic acid of interest is aliquotted into a plurality of reaction mixtures, at least two of which are single-copy reaction mixtures. The reaction mixtures are subjected to one or more amplification reactions while flowing through a channel of a microfluidic device. At least one of the reaction mixtures is formulated in an aqueous phase of an emulsion comprising aqueous droplets suspended in an immiscible liquid. The nucleic acid of interest is present as a single copy in at least one aqueous droplet of the aqueous phase prior to performing the amplification reaction(s). Amplification is performed on the reaction mixture when it is formulated in the emulsion. The nucleic acid is continuously flowed during a plurality of steps of the method.