The invention discloses a high-temperature three-dimensional digital image related measurement system and a high-temperature three-dimensional digital image related measurement method. The system comprises a digital camera, an imaging lens, band-pass optical filter, a monochromatic light source, a calibration board, a support system and a computer, wherein the support system consists of a triangular bracket, a guide rail and a translation stage; and the computer is used for acquiring a digital image and performing analysis processing. The measurement method comprises five steps. In the system, the band-pass optical filter is arranged in front of the imaging lens of the digital camera, so that the influence of the thermal radiation of a high-temperature object on the brightness enhancement of an acquired image of the camera can be reduced effectively. In the measurement, a measured object is lighted by adopting the monochromatic light source of which the lighting wavelength is positioned in a band-pass range of the band-pass optical filter. By using the system and the method, a brilliant image of the surface of the high-temperature object at the surface temperature of over 500 DEG C is acquired, wherein the image can be directly analyzed and processed by a three-dimensional digital image related method to acquire the three-dimensional morphology of the surface of the high-temperature object and a three-dimensional deformation field under the action of a thermal load. The system has a compact structure, is convenient to operate, and has a wide application range and high measurement precision.