13465 results about "Heat energy" patented technology

A hydrocarbon containing formation may be treated using an in situ thermal process. A mixture of hydrocarbons, H.sub.2, and/or other formation fluids may be produced from the formation. Heat may be applied to the formation to raise a temperature of a portion of the formation to a pyrolysis temperature. A heating rate to a selected volume of the formation may be controlled by altering an amount of heating energy per day that is provided to the selected volume.

Various embodiments disclosed herein relate to optical elements comprising an at least partial coating having a first state and a second state connected to at least a portion of a substrate, the at least partial coating being adapted to switch from the first state to the second state in response to at least actinic radiation, to revert back to the first state in response to thermal energy, and to linearly polarize at least transmitted radiation in at least one of the first state and the second state. Other embodiments relate to optical elements comprising a substrate and at least one at least partially aligned photochromic-dichroic compound connected to at least a portion of the substrate and having an average absorption ratio greater than 2.3 in the activated state as determined according to CELL METHOD. Still other embodiments relate to security devices, liquid crystal cells and methods of making the same.

The invention discloses an instant hydrogen-production power generation system and method. The system comprises a hydrogen-production subsystem, a power generation subsystem and a collection and utilization subsystem, wherein the hydrogen-production subsystem, power generation subsystem and collection and utilization subsystem are connected sequentially; the hydrogen-production subsystem uses methanol water to produce hydrogen, and transfers the produced hydrogen to the power generation subsystem in time through a transfer pipeline for power generation; and the collection and utilization subsystem is connected with an exhaust channel outlet of the power generation subsystem, and is used for collecting water from discharged gas or collecting water as the raw material of the hydrogen-production subsystem. The system and method can collect residual gas discharged from the power generation subsystem, and extract hydrogen, oxygen and water from the residual gas; and the hydrogen and oxygen can be combusted to release heat so as to provide heat energy for the power generation subsystem, and the water can be transferred to the hydrogen-production subsystem for cyclic utilization, so that the system does not need any additional water source. The system and method can enhance the power generation efficiency of the system and save the energy source.

An instrument and method for applying thermal energy to targeted tissue. An instrument and method for tissue thermotherapy. In one embodiment, a method includes providing a vapor source comprising a pump configured for providing a flow of liquid media from a liquid media source into a vaporization chamber having a heating mechanism, actuating the pump to provide the liquid into the vaporization chamber, applying energy from the heating mechanism to convert a substantially water liquid media into a minimum water vapor level for causing an intended effect in tissue. For examples such levels can comprise at least 60% water vapor, at least 70% water vapor, at least 80% water vapor or at least 90% water vapor for causing an intended effect in tissue.

A process for recovering waste heat which comprises: (a) passing a liquid phase working fluid through a heat exchanger in communication with a process which produces the waste heat; (b) removing a vapor phase working fluid from the heat exchanger; (c) passing the vapor phase working fluid to an expander, wherein the waste heat is converted into mechanical energy; and (d) passing the vapor phase working fluid from the expander to a condenser, wherein the vapor phase working fluid is condensed to the liquid phase working fluid. The preferred working fluid is an organic Rankine cycle system working fluid comprising compounds having the following general structure:

where x, y, z, and m are each selected from the group consisting of: fluorine, hydrogen, R_f, and R, wherein R and R_f are each an alkyl, aryl, or alkylaryl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and wherein R_f is partially or fully fluorinated.

The disclosure describes methods for producing bulk, particulate material that includes solid, generally ellipsoidal particles. Irregularly shaped feed particles with average particle sizes of up to 25 microns on a volume basis are dispersed in at least a portion of a combustible gas mixture by application of force and/or fluidizing agents. The combustible mixture with particles in suspension is then delivered, while controlling agglomeration or re-agglomeration of the particles, to at least one flame front. There, the mixture and suspended particles are uniformly distributed across the surface(s) of and passed through the flame front(s) with a high concentration of particles in the mixture. This flame front and the resultant flame(s) with suspended particles are located in at least one "wall free" zone. In such zone(s) the flame(s) may expand while the particles are maintained in dispersion and heated, with controlled and highly efficient application of heating energy. At least partial fusion occurs within at least the surfaces of the particles at high thermal efficiencies, while agglomeration of particles during fusion is inhibited.

A method and system for ultrasound treatment utilizing a multi-directional transducer to facilitate treatment, such as therapy and/or imaging or other tissue parameter monitoring, in two or more directions. In accordance with an exemplary embodiment, a multi-directional transducer comprises a transduction element configured to provide for ultrasound energy, such as radiation, acoustical energy, heat energy, imaging, positional information and/or tissue parameter monitoring signals in two or more directions. The transduction element can comprise various materials for providing ultrasound energy or radiation, such as piezoelectric materials, with and without matching layers. In addition, the transduction element can be configured for substantially uniform, focused and/or defocused radiation patterns, as well as for single, multiple-element and/or multiple-element array configurations. In addition, an exemplary multi-directional transducer can comprise multiple elements, either side by side, stacked or in an array.

Disclosed is an apparatus for chemical vapor deposition including: a dome-shaped upper chamber having a half-round surface or a curved surface of a predetermined angle; a shower head disposed in the upper chamber, for ejecting a reaction gas for film deposition straight or radially according to the shape of the upper chamber; a lower chamber sealed off from the upper chamber by way of an O-ring; a heater disposed at the center of the bottom surface of the lower chamber as a heat energy source for forming the films; and a nozzle for ejecting the reaction gas and preventing entrance of the reaction gas from the bottom of the heater. The apparatus ejects the reaction gas for film deposition straight or radially onto the surface of the wafer to secure films excellent in deposition uniformity and remarkably reduce the formation of products in the chamber.

The present invention provides processes for making syngas-derived products. For example, one aspect of the present invention provides a process for making a syngas-derived product, the process comprising (a) providing a carbonaceous feedstock; (b) converting the carbonaceous feedstock in a syngas formation zone at least in part to a synthesis gas stream comprising hydrogen and carbon monoxide; (c) conveying the synthesis gas stream to a syngas reaction zone; (d) reacting the synthesis gas stream in the syngas reaction zone to form the syngas-derived product and heat energy, a combustible tail gas mixture, or both; (e) recovering the syngas-derived product; and (f) recovering the heat energy formed from the reaction of the synthesis gas stream, burning the combustible tail gas mixture to form heat energy, or both.

A surgical device includes a probe having a proximate end configured to connect to an ultrasonic driver assembly that generates ultrasonic vibrational energy, and a shaft for conducting the ultrasonic vibrational energy from the proximate end to a distal end. The device also includes a canula located at least partially over the distal end of the probe. A material is interposed between the probe and the canula for converting the ultrasonic vibrational energy into heat energy.

A medical treatment device includes: a pair of holding members configured to grasp a target part to be connected in a body tissue; an energy application portion provided on at least one holding member of the pair of holding members, the energy application portion being configured to contact the target part when the target part is grasped by the pair of holding members to apply energy to the target part; and a processor including hardware. The processor is configured to cause the energy application portion to: apply high-frequency energy to the target part for a first period; apply ultrasound energy to the target part for a second period subsequent to the first period; and apply heat energy to the target part for a third period subsequent to the second period.

Methods and apparatus for treatment of layered tissue defects such as a patent foramen ovale provide for applying energy to tissues adjacent to the PFO with a closure device that substantially closes the PFO. Apparatus generally includes an elongate flexible member having a proximal end and a distal end and an energy transmission member deployable from the elongate flexible member. The energy transmission member applies energy to the layered tissue defect at a first position and a second position adjacent to the first position so as to substantially close the layered tissue defect along at least a portion of the defect. Applied energy may be monopolar or bipolar radiofrequency energy or any other suitable energy, such as laser, microwave, ultrasound, resistive heating, direct heat energy, cryogenic or the like. PFO closure via energy-based approaches of the invention may help prevent stroke, treat migraine headache, and possibly treat or prevent other medical conditions.

The invention relates to a central heating system with large temperature difference, which belongs to the energy field. The system comprises a steam turbine, a condenser, a steam absorption heat pump, a steam-water heat exchanger, a hot water absorption heat pump, a water-water heat exchanger as well as a connecting pipe and accessories. The invention is characterized in that the temperature difference of the heat net supply is large, and is about one time higher than the conventional heat net operation, thus the transmission capacity of the heat net is greatly increased, and at the same time, no heat preservation and thermal stress compensation problems exist as the backwater temperature of the heating is low, thereby reducing the investment of the backwater pipeline network and the whole pipeline network; the steam turbine is utilized to discharge steam and preheat the backwater of the large heat net, and circulating cooling water is utilized to be taken as the low level heat energy of the absorption heat pumps. The invention has the advantages that the residual heat produced in the electricity generating process of a power plant is recycled to the greatest extent as much as possible, the combination mode of the hot water absorption heat pump and the water-water heat exchanger is adopted at the end to heat the hot water of the secondary heat net supply, and the temperature difference of the supply-water and the backwater of the large heat net are increased, at the same time, the heat net does not need external energy to be the driving force.

Delamination of a laminated multilayer stack is provided by generating a layer-specific energy distribution in the stack during delamination. A localized energy transferrer can generate localized heating, cooling heating, cooling, or other form of energy absorption or transmission, in a bonding layer of a multilayer stack. Localized energy transfer can include thermal energy transfer, such as heating and/or cooling, acoustic energy transfer, such as applying ultrasonic energy, electromagnetic energy transfer, such as applying laser light, directed microwaves, etc. Localized energy transfer can generate a layer-specific energy distribution that can weaken the bonding layer while reducing damage to other layers of the stack.

Method, system and apparatus for carrying out a controlled heating of dermis to achieve a percentage of linear collagen shrinkage. Implants are employed which preferably are configured as a thermal barrier defining support an outwardly disposed support surface of which carries one or more heater segments. Located along heating channels at the interface between dermis and next adjacent subcutaneous tissue, the structure protects the latter from thermally induced damage while directing heat energy into the former.

PCT No. PCT/EP97/02902 Sec. 371 Date Apr. 12, 1999 Sec. 102(e) Date Apr. 12, 1999 PCT Filed Jun. 4, 1997 PCT Pub. No. WO97/46431 PCT Pub. Date Dec. 11, 1997Only a small useful quantity of washing water as close as possible to the spray nozzles of the windshield wiper system is heated. As a result of corresponding miniaturization, the heating time can be reduced to 5 to 10 seconds. A sufficient cleaning effect can be achieved in most cases by hot water after the windshield spray system is actuated two or three times. Additional cleaning can be carried out either by rinsing with colder or cold water or by repeating after 10 to 20 seconds. The water is heated via an instant heating element which, with a content of, for example, 10 to 50 cm3, can be installed even in a secondary chamber. Some of the heat energy is therefore stored in a larger thermal reserve tank of, for example, 1 dl.

The invention provides a therapeutic system comprising:

• • a console, wherein the console comprises a controller and an energy generator;
  • a therapeutic device comprising: an operational head configured for transmitting the energy output from to a biological tissue; and a memory device comprising control instructions, wherein said control instructions comprise instructions for controlling the console;
  • a reversible memory operable linkage linking the memory device to the controller; and
  • a reversible connector configured for operably linking the energy generator to the operational head.

Optionally, the energy generator is a generator of ablation energy or heat energy (e.g. RF generator) and the control instructions comprise instructions for controlling the output of the energy generator. Optionally, the control instructions comprise one or more parameters of energy output or an algorithm configured for controlling the energy output. Optionally, the system further comprises one or more secondary therapeutic devices and the control instructions comprise instructions for controlling the one or more secondary therapeutic devices. Optionally, the system further comprises one or more sensors configured for sensing parameters of energy output or biological or environmental effects of the energy output and the control instructions comprise instructions for controlling the energy output and/or secondary therapeutic devices based on the parameters of energy output or biological or environmental effects. In some embodiments, one advantage provided by the present invention is the use of a single console with a plurality of interchangeable reversibly connected therapeutic devices.

Method and apparatus for storing heat in industrial systems where large sources of stored energy are called upon to meet a work load, storing the heat content of a hot working fluid by using the hot working fluid as a heat transfer fluid in vapor form and depositing its heat content on a heat storage medium and then removing the cooled and condensed liquid phase of that heat transfer fluid, and when hot working fluid again is needed, the liquid heat transfer fluid is returned to the heated storage medium and is reheated as it passes through the hot storage medium and then is returned to the working system to be used as a hot working fluid.