The invention discloses an audio and video fingerprint identification method, comprising the following steps of: respectively acquiring audio and video files of a master slice and a sample slice in streaming form, and respectively extracting a master slice fingerprint feature value and a sample slice fingerprint feature value; and then, performing streaming form analysis to compare the master slice fingerprint feature value with the sample slice fingerprint feature value. The invention also discloses a tampering prevention system based on audio and video fingerprint streaming media, since small-size image data is used for extraction of video fingerprint features, complexity of extraction of the video fingerprint features is reduced, and the system has the characteristics that extraction speed is fast, storage space of fingerprint files formed by the extracted video fingerprint features is mall, and so on; indexing and retrieval of the fingerprint files are facilitated; through a hash code set combined with audio and video, a one-to-one corresponding relation is built according to actual structure of a video clip, and the tampering prevention system is built; and by comparison of the hash codes, whether frame information is tampered can be judged directly, and a tampered position can be located quickly, thus, tampering detection capability is strong, and safety is high.