2651 results about "Tunnel construction" patented technology

The invention discloses a carst region double-arch road tunnel construction method, which comprises the following steps; 1. carrying out construction preparation; 2. carrying out construction at channel openings; 3. adopting a three-pilot-tunnel method for constructing the channel inlet opening section, and adopting a step digging method for digging during the three-pilot-tunnel method construction; 4. adopting a middle-pilot-tunnel method for constructing the middle communication section of the channel, and adopting a full cross section method for digging during the middle-pilot-tunnel method construction; 5. adopting the three-pilot-tunnel method or the middle-pilot-tunnel method for constructing the channel outlet opening section, adopting the step digging method for digging when the middle-pilot-tunnel method is adopted for digging construction of the channel outlet opening section, and synchronously carrying out secondary lining construction from the front part to the back part in the digging construction process of the channel inlet opening section, the middle communication section of the channel and the channel outlet opening section. The invention has the advantages of reasonable design, simple and convenient construction, safe and reliable construction process, flexible construction mode, short construction period and greatly simplified construction steps, and effectively overcomes various defects during the traditional carst region double-arch road tunnel construction.

The invention discloses a tunnel construction method in a fault fracture zone, which comprises the following steps: a. adopting the method of combining geophysical prospecting and drilling and combining long-distance and short-distance to ascertain the geological situation in front, and carry out advanced geological prediction; b. adopting advanced Anchor construction, pre-grouting construction of the surrounding walls of small conduits in advance, and advance support construction of grouting pipe shed and steel frame, and advance pre-support; c. Tunnel excavation and support. It provides a theoretical basis for detecting the specific location, range and water inflow of the fault fracture zone; ensures the safety of tunnel construction; on the basis of analyzing the specific location and scope of the fault fracture zone and adopting a reasonable advanced pre-support method, comprehensive and specific According to the geological conditions, choose a reasonable tunnel excavation method. It has strong applicability for the construction of expressway tunnels crossing fault fracture zones; at the same time, it has reference and reference significance for the construction of railway, municipal and water conservancy tunnels (holes) with similar geological conditions.

The invention discloses a shield construction method of digging three parallel tunnels under a trunk railway, which belongs to the field of tunnel construction technology. The construction method of the invention comprises the procedure that: the model analysis on each construction sequence and method is made by a three-dimensional finite element and the shield construction sequence is selected; to select the reinforcement project of the railway bed is selected according to the influence degree of the dynamic stress, the load-carrying structural model is adopted to calculate and decide the shield area reinforcing bars enhancement project under the dynamic load of the railway train; the construction parameters are selected according to the test results and the performance of the shield machine, the front earth pressure is reasonably set , the synchronizing mortar injection is enhanced, the forward digging speed and the axis deviation are strictly controlled, the secondary mortar injection is made, the foam or mud is filled by utilizing a pre-embedded injection hole; the strict monitoring measures to monitor the shield construction process is adopted so that the construction unit can adjust the construction parameters in time and guarantee the construction safety. The invention not only guarantees the construction quality and the construction safety of the project but also creates good economic benefit.

The invention discloses a testing device and a method of ground deformation caused by simulating metro shield tunnel construction, and belongs to the technical field of underground engineering experiments. The overall process that similar materials are used for simulating soil layer structures, a tunnel simulating device is used for simulating tunnel structures, and a ground loss simulation system is used for simulating disturbed soil around a tunnel and ground loss is included. After the installation of the device is completed, the ground loss simulation system is started, an airtight water bag which is filled with water by using a pressure water pump in advance is drained step by step through a drain pipe, and water discharge is accurately controlled through a water stop valve and a measuring tank. Moreover, the water discharge is recorded, the ground loss is simulated, a corresponding stratum is deformed, and then the earth surface subsides, the surface subsidence is accurately measured through a dial indicator, and a measured value is recorded. Stratum loss ratio is calculated out through conversion, and the stratum loss ratio and the subsidence measured value are made into forms and images together, and thereby the relation between the stratum loss ratio under different stratum structures and the surface subsidence can be measured out simply, conveniently and accurately.

The invention relates to a nuclear magnetic resonance detection device and a nuclear magnetic resonance detection method for the advanced detection of a water bodies in the front. In the device, a computer is connected with a system controller, a high-power power supply and a signal acquisition unit by a serial port bus respectively; and the system controller is formed by connecting a bridge circuit driver, a high-power H-shaped transmitting bridge circuit, a resonant capacitor and a transmitting coil. Compared with the prior art, the device can detect important information such as the existence of water-bearing bodies in the front, the water content of the water-bearing bodies and the like accurately and effectively. The occupied area of the coil is reduced effectively by a mode of arranging the coil vertically, so that the device can perform exploration in narrow space. The device can detect the underground geological condition within a certain distance in the front directly and accurately in production fields of coal fields and mines or construction sites of tunnels so as to reduce mine accidents caused by geological disasters such as water burst, mud gushing and the like due to unclear geological conditions in the front or various incidents caused by the geological disasters in the process of tunnel construction.

The invention provides a construction method for the continuous mucking, lining and excavation synchrony of tunnels (caves), which comprises the following steps: the front end of a belt conveyer is positioned in an excavation work area, the belt conveyer from the excavation work area to the lining area of a steel moulding plate trolley is positioned on an inverted arch precast block (6) or hung at the top of the tunnel; the belt conveyer in front of the steel moulding plate trolley causes a conveyer (7) to be positioned at one internal side of a moulding plate trolley gantry (4) when passing through the moulding plate trolley on the basis of being positioned on the inverted arch precast block or a cast-in-situ inverted arch; a falsework (14) is arranged in front of the moulding plate trolley (2) and positioned on a track (12) which is connected in front of the self-circulation of the steel moulding plate trolley; and the belt conveyer is positioned on the inverted arch precast block or hung at the top of the tunnel from a lining operating area to a tunnel entrance after passing through the steel moulding plate trolley. The construction method can realize the continuous mucking of the belt conveyer and the synchronous lining of the moulding plate trolley along with the excavation of the tunnel in tunnel construction and cause transport equipment such as cars or the track to transport facilities and other materials needed by tunnel construction.

The invention discloses a tunnel construction informatization dynamic monitoring system and a monitoring method thereof. The system comprises an industrial personal computer, a PLC (programmable logic controller) wireless controller, a high-configuration digital camera, a deformation monitoring sensitization part, digital display acquisition equipment, wireless transmission equipment and a dynamic design feedback device. The method includes: 1), controlling commands to be transmitted to the PLC wireless controller by a computer control main station and controlling the digital camera and the digital display acquisition equipment; 2), acquiring internal force monitoring data by the aid of the digital display acquisition equipment; and acquiring a deformation monitoring image via the deformation monitoring sensitization part by the digital camera; 3), transmitting a monitored value to the computer control main station by the aid of the wireless transmission equipment; 4), analyzing results by the computer control main station via a real-time analysis module; and 5), transmitting the analyzed results to the dynamic design feedback device, analyzing relative difference of the really monitored value and a standard value, and early warming in real time by an early warning module. The tunnel construction informatization dynamic monitoring system is scientific, safe and practical, the method is convenient, instant, fast and effective, and safety problems in construction monitoring of tunnels are avoided.

The invention discloses a method for exchanging a tool of a shield machine for tunnel construction, which comprises the steps of: (1) soil cabin replacement filling: performing the process of soil cabin replacement filling by using a spiral excavating machine and a slip casting system synchronously working with the spiral excavating machine; (2) advanced slip casting inside the machine: beating a plurality of slip casting pipes into the soil on the upper part of the shield machine from inner to outer inside the shield machine by respectively passing through a plurality of advanced geologic holes and then synchronously injecting cement paste into the soil on the upper part of the shield machine through the slip casting pipes by using a slip casting device till the cement paste cannot be injected any more; (3) cleaning cabin and exchanging tool synchronously: manually cleaning the cement plaster solidified inside the soil cabin and synchronously exchanging the tool mounted on the shield machine; and (4) getting rid of the difficult position of the shield machine and recovering the process. The method provided by the invention has the advantages of reasonable design, convenience for operation, low cost, high safety factor, good use effect and capable of solving the problem that the tool cannot be exchanged in the traditional tool exchanging mode under severe tool exchanging conditions.

The invention relates to a muddy water balance type shield simulation testing system. In the structure of the system, a model box for holding soil is fixed on a base; a refrigeration freezing device is communicated with a freezing pipe in the model box; the front part of a shield machine enters the model box through a guide sleeve on the side of the model box; a cutter disk at the front part of the shield machine is connected with the output shaft of a gearbox of a hydraulic power system through a main shaft; jacks at the left and right sides of the shield machine are connected between the model box and the gearbox; a space between a partition plate behind the cutter disk of the shield machine and the cutter disk forms a muddy water cabin; and an injection pipe of a muddy water pot, whichis connected with an air pressure boosting device, penetrates into the shield machine from the tail part of the shell of the shield machine. The system provided by the invention can simulate the tunneling process of the muddy water shield machine in a submerged tunnel construction with high water pressure and can synchronously record soil pressure, water pressure, displacement and the tunneling parameters of the shield machine, thereby finding out and analyzing the mechanism and conditions of muddy water pressure balance country rock and providing more reliable experiment basis for submerged tunnel construction and the design of a muddy water shield machine.

The invention discloses a life-cycle management system and method for tunnels. The life-cycle management system comprises a production management subsystem, a transport management subsystem, a construction management subsystem and an operation management subsystem, wherein the production management subsystem is used for completing quality detection of pipe sheets in various stages of production process during production of tunnel pipe sheets; the transport management subsystem is used for acquiring position information of the pipe sheets during pipe sheet transport; the construction management subsystem is used for correlating recorded various data sources with a BIM (building information model) during tunnel construction, and realizing analogue simulation of tunnel construction process by means of a shied tunneling method through real-time synchronous data operation and the BIM; the operation management subsystem is used for acquiring production, construction and historic health monitoring information of various pipe sheets and determining health conditions of operating tunnels by combining with the analysis of the BIM. By the life-cycle management system and method for the tunnels, tunnel life cycle can be monitored and managed at various stages of production and transport of the pipe sheets and construction and operation of the tunnels, and monitoring efficiency is improved.

The invention discloses a track and posture composite control method in a shield tunneling process. The method comprises the following steps of: performing control by setting threshold values for a posture and a track; immediately adjusting the posture as long as the posture deviates to exceed the limit even though the track does not reach a deviation correction threshold; solving current positional deviation Si and angular deviation theta I of a shield machine through measurement and calculation when a shield works; continuously propelling the shield machine when the Si is less than or equal to a positional deviation threshold value Scmin of a track and posture composite controller and theta i is less than or equal to an angular deviation threshold value theta cmin of the track and posture composite controller or when the Si is less than or equal to positional allowable deviation Smin of actual tunnel construction and theta i is equal to 0; contrarily, automatically adjusting propelling pressure of a hydraulic cylinder of each sub-region and propelling displacement to simultaneously eliminate the positional deviation and the angular deviation generated in a tunneling process. Thus, an actual tunneling route of the shield machine is controlled within a design axial range of a tunnel, unnecessary overbreak and underbreak are avoided, and the forming quality of the tunnel is improved.

The invention relates to an advanced geological forecast method in the tunnel construction filed, comprising the following steps of: determining a hole prospecting proposal according to a middle or short term forecast and placing a radar antenna in after a hole is drilled to collect radar signals and determine whether any abnormal geologic body exists; if no geologic body exist, continuing construction; if geologic body exists, drilling again, placing a radar antenna in so as to collect signal and determine whether any abnormal geologic body exists; if no geologic body exist, continuing construction; if geologic body exists, drilling again and placing a radar antenna in so as to collect signals. Describing the spatial positions of the abnormal geologic bodies according to the signals obtained during the three times so as to provide operational geologic information for further processing. The advanced geological forecast method can be used in a wide exploration scope, can accurately forecast the abnormal spatial geologic phenomenon in front of an excavating face, provides reliable assurance for reducing collapse and rapid construction, is applicable to exploration of high resolution at deep underground and deep tunnel excavating face and is an uniquely feasible and effective exploration means to deep engineering in many cases.

The invention discloses a test method and a test device for simulating stratum deformation caused by pipe jacking construction. The test method comprises the following steps: (1) installing a lateral flexible loading bag; (2) filling with earth; (3) installing a simulated jacking pipe; (4) installing a loading system; (5) loading; (6) monitoring an initial value; (7) simulating an excavated stratum loss process; and (8) organizing and analyzing test data. The lateral flexible loading bag is adhered to the inner wall of a model box, the left end of the model box is connected with the lateral flexible loading bag, the right end of the model box is connected with a lateral loading pressure gauge, and the lateral loading pressure gauge is connected with a lateral loading booster pump through a lateral pressurizing water injection pipe; an exhaust valve is arranged at the top of the lateral flexible loading bag; a circular hole is formed from the front side wall of the model box to the bottom of the model box; studs are welded at the periphery of a circular jacking pipe preformed hole; the right end of the simulated jacking pipe is placed in the circular jacking pipe preformed hole in the front side wall of the model box, and the left end of the simulated jacking pipe is placed close to the rear wall of the model box. The test device disclosed by the invention is reasonable in structure and convenient to operate and is used for simulating a model test of stratum deformation caused by pipe jacking tunnel construction.

The invention belongs to the technical field of tunnel construction, and relates to a low-alkaline liquid accelerating agent and a preparation method thereof. For the low-alkaline liquid accelerating agent, aluminium sulfate solution is neutralized with sodium aluminate solution to produce aluminium hydroxide collosol, and then aluminium sulfate and aluminium hydroxide collosol conduct polymerization reaction in an original solution system to produce polymerized aluminium sulfate, so that the accelerating agent solution has higher aluminium ion content and liquid stability; the low-alkaline liquid accelerating agent is prepared by aluminium sulfate, sodium aluminate and stabilizing agent; and the mass percentage of the components are as follows: 40 to 60 percent of aluminium sulfate, 6 to12 percent of sodium aluminate, 0 to 0.2 percent of stabilizing agent, and the balance of water. The invention has the following positive effects to sprayed concrete: initial set of common cement can be realized in five minutes and final set of the common cement can be realized in eight minutes under lower doping amount; the 1d strength of cement mortar can reach more than 12MPa, and the 28d compression strength ratio of the cement mortar is more than 100 percent; and the invention has good adaptability to cement of different varieties.

The invention discloses a treatment method for fault fracture zone collapse in the tunnel construction process. The method includes the steps that firstly, arch reinforcement is conducted on every two adjacent surrounding rocks in a collapse segment; secondly, a collapse body is removed, and concrete is jetted to the collapse tunnel face after the collapse body is removed to close the collapse segment; thirdly, a lifting jack acts on the four corners of each bottom of racks of formworks, the interval identical to the width of a steel arch is reserved between the formworks, formwork erection is conducted in time, and the formworks and the steel arch jointly form a supporting layer; fourthly, through holes reserved in the formworks in advance, an arch apex concrete layer is formed in a high-pressure grouting mode, and small grouting guide pipes are punched into arch springs and the side walls of the steel arch; fifthly, the front end of a bottom die composed of the formworks and the steel arch is grouted and reinforced through the small guide pipes, operation of the next construction circulation stage of the collapse segment is conducted, and the first step, the second step, the third step and the fourth step are specifically repeated; sixthly, after second circulation is finished, supports of arch protecting layer concrete are formed through conveying ports embedded through the second step.

The invention relates to a tunnel construction information monitoring system based on three-dimensional scanning point cloud. The system comprises the following realization steps: acquiring coordinate information, intensity information, grey information, pixel information and the like of a tunnel full-section spatial structure by adopting a three-dimensional scanning point cloud measuring technology, performing automatic filtering processing and point cloud data automatic splicing and generating a tunnel two-dimensional plane model and a three-dimensional space model; realizing the continuous real-time transmission of monitoring data and data flow by adopting a '5S' parallel communication method; introducing a time, motion and rotation multi-dimensional coordinate axis, describing the change posture in a plane, the change posture of a vertical plane and the change posture along with time, performing data filtering and data analysis and realizing seamless butt joint between a monitoring and analysis structure and project construction information; based on an internet of things technology, by adopting a B/S framework and a three-layer system mode as well as seven-level security management, realizing the data monitoring as well as advanced forecasting and construction information real-time processing, update, inquiry, browsing, three-stage early warning and forecasting and three-level risk management.

The invention relates to a testing method for laying ballastless tracks in the early stage before overall completion of a super long tunnel. In the traditional tunnel construction method, a tunnel is dug in two directions both from the left cave and the right cave; and tracks are laid after the tunnel is finished; and the traditional construction method has the disadvantages of low construction progress, long construction period, low efficiency and risks of potential safety hazards. In the invention, multiple inclined shafts are arranged along the direction of a main cave; with the inclined shafts as a boundaries, the main cave construction is carried out in two directions by sections and the ballastless tracks are laid before the cave is dug through; a horizontal control network and a vertical control network are established to carry out measurement and data acquisition, the mathematical model of curve fitting is used to carry out centerline fitting so as to confirm the deviation between a through centerline and a theoretical centerline and carry out assessment to determine theoretical position of the centerline of sections dug through latterly; tracks of the through sections arelaid according to the fitted centerline, the sections under construction are measured and guided according to the fitted centerline to ensure that the centerline of the sections dug through latterly is consistent to the centerline of the sections with tracks laid. The method greatly accelerates construction progress and ensures smoothness and collinearity of the tracks laid in the early stage.

The invention provides a damping blasting method for steep dip small crossing angle layered surrounding rock small-distance tunnel excavation to solve the technical problem. The method comprises the following steps: dividing two small-distance parallel tunnels into a beforehand cavity and an afterwards cavity, wherein the beforehand cavity and the afterwards cavity are constructed in a staggered mode, dividing an excavated section of the tunnel into an upper bench excavating area, an upper bench excavating boundary, a lower bench excavating area and a lower bench excavating boundary; processing the upper bench excavating area by hole millisecond blasting excavating and processing the upper bench boundary by smooth blasting. After the upper bench excavating area is processed by excavating, the lower bench excavating area is processed by horizontal shallow hole blasting and the lower bench boundary is processed by smooth blasting. The damping blasting method for the steep dip small crossing angle layered surrounding rock small-distance tunnel excavation has the advantages that surrounding rock of the layered surrounding rock small-distance tunnel is prevented from losing balance during the blasting process or fissure of a blasting layer is prevented from being too deep to influence the stability of the tunnel, operating efficiency is improved and reinforce and maintain cost is reduced.

The invention discloses an excavation supporting method for tunnel construction. In the method, the tunnel is excavated in parts and blocks, arch part primary support and temporary steel frame support are erected to form reticular closed stable support system, and finally a complete tunnel section is formed, the excavation and support of each part are in vertical staggered manner along tunnel and are carried on through parallel advancing construction method. The excavation supporting method has large excavation part section, facilitates the operation of construction machinery, has simple primary-support process, easy operation, reduces the arch jack fabrication, anchor rod mounting and concrete spraying processes for middle partition and temporary inverted arch construction, reduces the construction period and the construction cost.

The invention discloses a weak surrounding rock, tunnel intersection and arc-shaped pilot tunnel construction method. The method is characterized by consisting of the following steps: (1) excavating and supporting a mouth of a transverse hole; (2) constructing an advancing large pipe roof; (3) excavating and supporting a body of the transverse hole; (4) performing transverse hole inverted arch construction and bottom plate construction; (5) performing intersection door opening construction; (6) performing direct top brushing type excavation and supporting on an arc-shaped pilot tunnel; (7) mounting and supporting an upper guide arch frame of a front hole; (8) disassembling the temporary support of the arc-shaped pilot tunnel; (9) excavating and supporting the front hole by a step method; (10) constructing lining reinforced concrete on the body of the transverse hole; (11) excavating and supporting the front hole and adding a temporary inverted arch; (12) constructing a front hole inverted arch and adding a temporary cross brace; (13) constructing an inverted arch on the intersection front hole; (14) constructing lining reinforced concrete on the intersection; and (15) shifting to normal construction of the front hole. The arc-shaped pilot tunnel construction section is smaller than the front hole excavating section; the potential safety hazards of the arch change of the weak surrounding rock are avoided; the temporary work amount is small; the construction efficiency is high; the transverse hole at the intersection does not climb; and the stressed effect of the special-shaped arch frame of the front hole is good.

The invention provides a real-time detection system and method for the spatial pose of a boom-type roadheader. The real-time detection system comprises two cross laser transmitters, an industrial control computer, two Internet protocol cameras and two laser targets. Machine vision technology is used as an acquisition manner for pose parameters; a mathematic model for resolving the pose of the roadheader is established so as to obtain the yaw angle, pitch angle, roll angle of the roadheader in heading process and the offset of a fixed point on the body of the roadheader on the cross section of a tunnel, i.e., the spatial pose of the roadheader, and the spatial pose can be used for deviation rectification in automatic heading of the roadheader. Experimental results show that the precision of an angle detected by the system is within 0.5 DEG and the precision of offset is better than 20 mm; an interval between processing time and displaying time for each frame of an image is about 5 s; so requirements of tunnel construction for automation, precision and real-time positioning are met.

The invention belongs to the field of tunneling in geotechnical engineering and underground engineering, and particularly relates to a centrifugal experimental simulation testing device for surface subsidence induced by city shield tunnel construction. The testing device mainly comprises a model box, a small displacement meter bracket, a big displacement meter bracket, a tunnel excavation device, a linear variable differential transformer (LVDT) displacement meter and the like, wherein the model box is a hollow cuboid; the small displacement meter bracket and the big displacement meter bracket adjust the LVDT displacement meter along the horizontal direction and the vertical direction, so that the surface subsidence and the soil layer deformation can be measured; and the tunnel excavation device can simulate the soil body deformation caused by stratum loss by discharging a certain volume of water. Through the device, the deformation influence of the city shield tunnel construction on surrounding soil layer can be more conveniently, really and effectively simulated, so more real and accurate experimental data can be provided for tunnel design and construction, and high efficiency and safety of the city shield tunnel construction are guaranteed.

The invention discloses a tunnel construction large-scale integrated geophysics advanced detection model test device, which comprises tunnel surrounding rock, a main tunnel model, a model test case, a water-containing geological structure device, a numerical control automation construction device and a main control chamber. The model test device is a large-scale integral geophysics advanced detection model test device meeting the detection of a seismic wave method, an electromagnetic method and a direct current power method, the geophysics advanced detection model test device can be utilized for studying the geophysics response characteristics of the water-containing geological structure device in front of a tunnel face, in addition, various geophysics advanced detection forward and inversion methods of the water-containing geological structure device are verified, the relationship between some geophysics detection method results and the water inflow is studied, and the test foundation is laid for the water inflow prediction and the advanced prediction of the water-containing geological construction device in actual engineering.

The invention belongs to the technical field of tunnel construction equipment, and relates to a shield tunneling machine for a tunnel connecting passageway and a connecting passageway tunneling method of the shield tunneling machine. The shield tunneling machine comprises a start end supporting walking platform and a receiving end supporting walking platform which are respectively arranged on material transportation rails in two main tunnels, a shield tunneling machine main unit, a counterforce supporting frame and a main tunnel supporting assembly which are respectively arranged on the start end supporting walking platform and a corresponding main tunnel duct piece, and a start end socket sealing assembly and a receiving end socket sealing assembly which are respectively arranged at the start end and the receiving end of the connecting passageway, wherein a duct piece hanging assembly is arranged on the start end supporting walking platform; a jacking tunneling assembly is arranged between the counterforce supporting frame and the shield tunneling machine main unit. The shield tunneling machine can realize automatically mechanical excavation; the labor intensity is greatly reduced, the energy consumption is reduced, and the cost is reduced; meanwhile, equipment construction is stable, and the efficiency is high; settling of the ground is effectively controlled, and the construction risk is reduced.

The invention discloses a three-dimensional attitude measurement device for a tunneling construction guidance system, which belongs to a positioning measurement device and aims to solve the problems that the prior three-dimensional attitude measurement device has higher requirement on the light intensity and is not accurate to the processing of pulsed light signals so as to simplify the installation and use of equipment. A prism, a lens, a CCD camera and an inclinometer are sequentially arranged on a light path along the axial direction in a machine case of the device, and output signals of the CCD camera are sent to a computer through a gigabit network cable; and output signals of the inclinometer are sent to the computer through an asynchronous serial communication interface. The device has small volume, simplifies the operation, and directly utilizes infrared rays of a total station instrument to focus through the lens to project on the photosensitive surface of the CCD camera to produce a photosensitive signal, the photosensitive signal is processed to obtain deflection angle data of incident light, and the deflection angle data are output to an external computer along with inclination angle data measured by the inclinometer. The device is mainly used for attitude measurement during the construction process of a shield machine and obtains a pitching angle, a rolling direction angle and a horizontal deflection angle of a shield in a real-time mode.

The invention belongs to the field of tunnel engineering, and particularly relates to an indoor model experience device with an existing tunnel affected by double subway construction. The experience device mainly comprises a subway excavation simulating device, a tunnel model, a strainometer, a displacement support frame, a displacement meter, and the like. A hollow aluminum pipe is arranged in the middle of the tunnel excavation simulating device, a rubber membrane filled with water is arranged on the periphery of the tunnel excavation simulating device, and soil deformation which is caused by the tunnel excavation is simulated by drainage of water with a certain size. The tunnel model is simulated by aluminum alloy pipes, and the outer wall of the tunnel model is pasted with the strainometer in a full-bridge mode to achieve strain measurement on the existing tunnel. The displacement meter is fixed on the displacement support frame, and measurement on longitudinal settlement of the existing tunnel can be achieved. The indoor model experience device with the existing tunnel affected by the double subway construction can conveniently and effectively simulate the existing tunnel deformation caused by the double subway construction of a city, and has important reference value for establishing a tunnel construction security traversing technology standard and an adjacent structure security protective measurement.

The invention discloses a city tunnel structure system, a city tunnel is equipped with a plurality of naturally ventilating vertical wells, the top end of the vertical well is communicated with the ground, the lower end of the vertical well is communicated with the inside of the tunnel. The vertical well is arranged on the top or side upper part of the tunnel along the length direction. The naturally ventilating vertical wells can be arranged continuously along the whole length of the tunnel, or discontinuously along the whole length of the tunnel, the largest distance between the vertical wells is preferably larger than 240 meters. The top end of the vertical well can be added with a wind cap, and an auxiliary ventilator is added when natural ventilation amount is adequate. The invention also discloses a city tunnel vertical well type natural ventilation and smoke control technology using the structure system, which is suitable for single cavity two-direction traffic tunnels, as well as double cavity two-direction traffic tunnels. The invention solves the problems of ventilation and smoke control of a city tunnel having a length ranging from 500 meters to 1500 meters, greatly saves the cost for tunnel construction and running, and reduces the emission concentration of pollutants at the outlet of the tunnel.

The invention discloses a process for grouting on the back of a shield segment to control stratum settlement in shield tunnel construction. The process comprises steps of synchronous grouting, secondary grouting and a special treatment process; during synchronous grouting, when a shield advances and a shield tail is formed, a grouting pump of a shield tunneling machine is used for symmetrical grouting through a synchronous grouting system of the shield tunneling machine; during secondary grouting, double grout is injected to the back of the segment through a shield segment secondary grouting hole, and a gap on the back of the segment is subjected to secondary filling and compression; and the special treatment process comprises steps of adding a triallyl cyanurate (TAC) high-molecular polymer material solution and pressing and injecting epoxy resin seal reinforcing rings. By the process, particularly the TAC high-molecular polymer is added to improve a soil layer and the epoxy resin reinforcing rings are pressed and injected to reinforce the stratum in the special treatment process, the grouting effect is good in a safe and convenient way, the flow and loss of the grout are prevented, the grouting plumpness is ensured, the soil body can be well improved, the stratum is reinforced, the settlement amount is effectively controlled, and the shield tunneling construction is safely and smoothly carried out.

The invention discloses a construction method for penetrating through a large-scale vertical karst cave group tunnel. A technical measure of backfilling concrete to reserve a water passing channel is adopted for a large-scale vertical karst cave group, by strengthening support of a steel arch frame and a pipe shed for a karst cave section, a reinforced concrete beam plate structure is adopted to span on a karst cave section tunnel bottom, the bearing capacity of foundation is greatly improved, municipal bellows are pre-embedded into circumferential cracks of the vertical karst cave group and an arch karst cave before backfilling the concrete and are led to the water passing channel, the hidden danger of high-pressure karst water due to long-term water accumulation is eliminated, and the construction period and the security of future operation period are ensured. The construction method for penetrating through the large-scale vertical karst cave group tunnel is convenient to construct, the construction period is greatly shortened, the treatment filling effect of the karst cave is improved, the safety of subsequent construction is improved, material filling and the construction method are simple and convenient and without special requirements, and good use effect of field construction is obtained.

The invention relates to a fault processing method of a high pressure water enrichment area, comprising the following steps of: a. ascertaining the boundary of a tunnel passing through a fault through geological exploration and advance geological prediction, and judging the inflow direction of the fault; b. excavating a drainage hole at the inflow side of the fault next to the tunnel according to the inflow direction of the fault; c. carrying out advanced grouting pre-strengthening per cycle on a tunnel working face under the condition that the drainage hole drains and depressurizes; d. drilling towards the tunnel direction in the drainage hole before excavation and after the grouting pre-strengthening per cycle of the tunnel meets requirements, increasing the drainage ability by using the drilled hole, and further reducing the seepage water pressure in a surrounding rock at the periphery of the tunnel; and e. tunneling from the tunnel working face. Through arranging the drainage hole, the invention reduces the seepage water pressure near the tunnel, effectively avoids the occurrence of the phenomenon of water burst, mud gushing (stones) of fault broken rocks under the action of high pressure water in the construction process and improves the safety and the reliability of tunnel construction and operation.