The invention relates to a chestnut drought meteorological index insurance method, which specifically comprises the following steps of: establishing a one-to-one correspondence relationship between meteorological conditions and chestnut yield expected loss values, i.e. Indexing the loss degree to serve as a basis for determining a compensation standard, signing an insurance contract and providingcompensation. The method relates to Chinese chestnut drought disaster risk assessment, meteorological insurance index design, determination of a meteorological insurance claim settlement trigger valueand an insurance rate, development of a meteorological index insurance product and popularization of the meteorological index insurance product. According to the safety method, the precipitation of the Chinese chestnut in the expansion period is determined as the drought index, the insurance party and the insurance party are symmetrical in information, the morality risk and inverse selection in traditional insurance are avoided, investigation and loss assessment by special personnel are not needed, the claim settlement procedure is greatly simplified, and therefore the operation cost of an insurance company is greatly reduced. According to the safety method, the influence of subjective factors in traditional agricultural safety is avoided, farmers are stimulated to actively prevent disasters and reduce damage, the Chinese chestnuts are not damaged due to disasters, and sustainable development of Chinese chestnut planting is guaranteed.