The invention discloses a density calculation method of plasmas in a gun barrel in a gunpowder combustion process. The density calculation method comprises the following steps: step 1, obtaining gun bore structure parameters and explosive filling parameters; step 2, establishing a gunpowder combustion equation set; step 3, solving the gunpowder combustion equation set; obtaining functions of p, l and phi relative to t by taking the t as an independent variable; step 4, calculating a gas temperature T: T=Sp(l+lphi) / omegaphiR, wherein R is a gas constant; and step 5, calculating a plasma density ne: ne=no / ni*(2mnokT)<1.5> / h<3>*2gi / g0exp(-eEi / kT), wherein Ei is an ionization potential of ions, go is a statistical weight of an atomic ground state, gi is a statistical weight of an ion ground state, me is the mass of electrons, ni is the ion density and no is the atom density. The density calculation method of the plasmas in the gun barrel in the gunpowder combustion process, disclosed by the invention, can accurately calculate the density of the plasmas in the gun barrel, and provides theoretical supports for the density of the plasmas in the gun barrel.