442results about How to "The principle is clear" patented technology

The invention relates to scouring model experimental device of underground silt and method, which belong to the technical field of characteristic tests of hydraulics, river dynamics and soil and rockmechanics. The device comprises a scouring tank, a fixing table, a tilting device and a freezing tank. The method comprises the following steps: putting or stacking experimental soil samples or sand samples in the scouring tank; closing the scouring tank; starting a water flow for scouring the underground silt in a model experiment; shooting and recording a scouring process; closing the water flowand maintaining original water pressure when the scouring reaches a certain experimental state; then, freezing the scouring tank and the scouring samples by the freezing tank; labeling, positioning and cutting frozen scouring sample grids; and individually measuring, thawing, weighing and screening second-state frozen small samples to obtain the graduation of scouring models of the underground silt and the distribution of porosity in a scouring state. The scouring model experiment of the underground silt is carried out in a laboratory. The invention provides a reference and a theory for mutually stacking the silt, damming by sand stone and banking for preventing flood for river ways and is applied to the laboratory research of scouring the underground silt.

The invention relates to an apparatus and method for measuring elastic turbulence characteristics of a viscoelastic polymer in a porous medium, wherein a side connector of a fluorescent microscope of the apparatus is connected to a CCD (couple charged device) camera, a saline container, a polymer solution container and a synthetic oil container that are connected with an oil/water container are parallelly connected between an inlet of a micro metering pump and an inlet of a two-dimensional mesh microscopic simulation model, the two-dimensional mesh microscopic simulation model is provided with an inlet pressure sensor and an outlet pressure sensor, and a light guide arm of a micro field particle image speed-measuring system is positioned right above the two-dimensional mesh microscopic simulation model; all the micro field particle image speed-measuring system, the fluorescent microscope, the inlet pressure sensor and the outlet pressure sensor are connected to a data graphic data station. The apparatus and method are capable of effectively recognizing elastic turbulence of viscoelastic polymer solution in porous medium seepage, and providing qualitative and quantitative description for elastic turbulence characteristics.

The invention relates to an inflatable strike-slip fault movement simulation device. The inflatable strike-slip fault movement simulation device comprises a fixed disc model box and a movement disc model box, wherein soil body models are arranged in the fixed disc model box and the movement disc model box; the fixed disc model box is fixed and the movement disc model box moves relative to the fixed disc model box along the horizontal direction; vertical loading assemblies are arranged on the fixed disc model box and the movement disc model box; vertical pressure is loaded on the fixed disc model box and the movement disc model box by the vertical loading assemblies. A simulation experiment method based on the inflatable strike-slip fault movement simulation device comprises the following steps: step 1: selecting soil body confining pressure to be applied according to a soil body burying depth to be simulated and applying pre-set pressure to the soil body models through the vertical loading assemblies; and step 2: pushing the movement disc model box by a strike-slip fault movement pushing assembly to carry out strike-slip movement simulation, and observing the formation and development of a fault zone in the soil body models through soil body model observation glass, and the damages to an underground structure model.

The invention relates to a hyperspectral data classification method based on a multi-layer convolution network and data organization and folding. The method comprises: step one, pretreatment is carried out before expanding and classification of three-dimensional hyperspectral data and a data matrix including effective spectrum information and a tag vector are obtained; step two, feature dimension expanding is carried out on the data matrix, and column-based folding and reorganization are carried out on a feature dimension to obtain a reorganized three-dimensional hyperspectral data input matrix; step three, a multi-layer convolution network structure parameter and an initial value are set; and step four, a feature and an error are calculated layer by layer by using forward propagation and BP algorithms, a network weight and a bias value are updated, iteration is carried out continuously to obtain a network stablity parameter, and then a network model for classification and a parameter for classification are obtained. Compared with other methods, the provided method has advantages of clear principle, clear structure, short identification time, and high detection identification rate; and the method being an effective classification method for hyperspectral data is suitable for rapid target detection and classification identification application of hyperspectral images.

The invention discloses an improved bridge damage identification method based on a neural network. The improved bridge damage identification method comprises the steps of: S1, constructing sample data; S2, determining a network topology; S3, training and testing; S4, identifying damages, including inputting real-time strain data of the bridge into a trained BP neural network, and thereby identifying the damages of the bridge; the real-time strain data of the bridge is obtained by an optimally distributed sensor, the number of minimum unidentifiable models Ymin is adopted as a target function, and the distribution position of the sensor corresponding to the Ymin is the optimal sensor distribution. According to the improved bridge damage identification method based on the neural network, various possible damages of the structure can be maximally distinguished by using the fewest sensors, and meanwhile the identification result can have high accuracy and tend to be stable.

The invention discloses a multi-terminal flexible DC power line DC line protection method based on voltage pole waves. According to the method, voltage response characteristics of a fault line and a non-fault line at the line boundary during the DC line fault are analyzed, a wavelet transform tool is utilized to extract the transient voltage pole wave characteristic quantity, and internal and external fault identification criteria based on voltage pole wave amplitude characteristics are constructed; for lightning stroke interference, lightning stroke identification criteria for a voltage polewave high and low frequency energy ratio are established; according to the voltage pole wave amplitude relationship of the two-pole line, fault pole identification criteria are constructed. Compared with other protection principles, the method is advantaged in that the motion speed is relatively fast, influence of lightning stroke disturbance is avoided, anti-transition resistance capability is relatively strong, and sensitivity is high.

The invention discloses a transmission line fault fast phase selection method based on S conversion. The transmission line fault fast phase selection method based on S conversion includes following steps: (1) collecting the current of the protection element at the line side at real time; (2) executing phase-mode transformation on the fault component current and extracting the model component of the fault component current after filtering the power frequency component for the corrected current; (3) executing S conversion on the model component current signal to obtain complex time-frequency matrix of each model, obtaining the model and phase angle, judging the ground fault or non-ground fault according to the characteristic of the zero model phasor, using the relationship among the line model phasors for having fast phase selection operation; (4) respectively integrating for the wave form of the phase current at two sides of the time axis, describing the wave form characteristic and recognizing the fault phase while the fault is dual-phase ground fault. The method adopts the S conversion for extracting the single frequency model component of each model component at special time, the fault type is determined according to the relationship among the model phasors, the method has the advantages of high sensitivity, fast action speed and exact recognition.

The invention discloses a coating thickness measuring method under an unknown ultrasonic velocity condition, and belongs to the technical field of ultrasonic non-destructive testing of materials. A set of an ultrasonic pulse echo detection system composed of an ultrasonic flaw detector, a delay block probe, a digital oscilloscope and a computer with MATLAB software is adopted in the measuring method. For the problems that echo signal aliasing exists and sound velocity is unknown in the ultrasonic coating thickness measuring process, and the coating thickness cannot be measured due to the fact that fluctuation exists under the different technological parameters or non-homogeneous conditions, an ultrasonic pulse echo technique is adopted, and the coating thickness of a sample and the ultrasonic velocity are simultaneously inverted by combining an ultrasonic sound pressure reflection coefficient magnitude spectrum analyzing method with a correlation coefficient matching method. The measuring method has the advantages of being clear and definite in principle, easy to achieve, high in matching precision and the like, the limitations that an existing Gauss-Newton inversion method is complex in calculation, higher in requirement for initial value selection and difficult to be applied to engineering application are overcome, and the good application and popularization prospect is achieved.

The invention relates to an electroconductibility single-hole diluting method for detecting seepage speed, which belongs to the field of seepage and underground water motion observation. The method comprises the following steps of: selecting a hole measurement position and drilling; selecting a tracing agent according to the difference of electroconductibility of scene drilling water; detecting arelation between the electroconductibility and the concentration of a tracing agent solution in a laboratory; filling the tracing agent solution into a hole; measuring the electroconductibility of the water in the drilled hole; and calculating the seepage speed by the variation rate of the measured electroconductibility. The method has simple, convenient and reliable operation, clear principle, simple, convenient and safe measurement process, accurate and reliable result, environmental protection and safety, selects the tracing agent from a nontoxic strong electrolyte solution or a deionized aqueous solution and can fully replace the traditional radioactive single-hole flow speed detecting method.

The invention has the purposes that batteries of an electric vehicle are safely, conveniently and rapidly assembled and disassembled and have stable and firm installation and no hidden danger of shifting circuit breakage on the vehicle as well as simple and effective anti-theft measure, and robbers are difficult to steal the batteries without increasing other anti-theft facilities. In the invention, a battery bin with a downward opening is arranged at the bottom of a frame of the electric vehicle, and the batteries in the battery bin are directly and vertically disassembled through the opening. Since fasteners are arranged in the battery bin, the batteries are fixed in the battery bin by fastening the fasteners and fall for taking out by loosening the fasteners; and since the opening of the battery bin is provided with a movable baffle plate, when the batteries are installed in the battery bin, the baffle plate is closed so that the battery bin is closed. The structure can not only reinforce the stability of the batteries in the battery bin, but also prevent dust and soil from polluting the batteries in the process of using the vehicle.

The invention relates to a novel disturbance identification method used during intrusion of lightning waves in a transformer substation, which comprises the following steps of: (1) monitoring a voltage signal of a busbar in real time; (2) performing S transformation on the voltage signal in failure, and establishing a module time-frequency matrix of the voltage signal; and (3) calculating the amplitude of fundamental waves, the times of primary harmonic waves, and the maximum amplitude of the primary harmonic waves by using the module time-frequency matrix, wherein the drop of the amplitude of the fundamental waves of the voltage of the busbar serves as the evidence for judging faulted and non-faulted lighting or other interferences, and the times of the primary harmonic waves and the corresponding amplitudes thereof serve as the evidence for judging whether lighting stroke occurs. Characteristics of a disturbance signal are extracted by using an S transformation technology suitable for analyzing an instable signal; and identification data are established according to the times of the primary harmonic waves of a transient voltage signal and the corresponding amplitudes thereof, aswell as the drop difference of the voltages of the fundamental waves under different disturbance conditions; and moreover, the method has the advantages of simplicity, convenience, high sensibility and accuracy for identification, and is easy for engineering realization.

The invention discloses a high-voltage direct-current power transmission line non-unit protection method based on S transformation. Amplitude-frequency characteristic analysis on boundaries formed by smoothing reactors and direct-current filters at two ends of a high-voltage direct-current power transmission line shows that high/low frequency components of line-mode voltage component traveling wave signals can be attenuated to different extents when passing through boundaries of direct-current lines. The method comprises the following steps: accurately extracting specific frequency band components through S transformation, building protection judgment basis, and proposing an internal/external zone fault recognition method based on ratio differences of high/low frequency components in S transformation; comparing transient state energy sums of S transformation at different frequency bands in lightning stroke interference, lightning stroke faults and ordinary short circuit faults, and building S transformation energy ratio judgment basis for recognizing lightning stroke interference; and extracting S transformation zero frequency band transient state energy of transient state energy of voltage of two poles, and building ratio judgment basis, thereby accurately recognizing fault poles.

The invention relates to a method for fast predicting side wall leakage of an underground diaphragm wall using infrared thermal fields. The method includes: performing layered excavation to a deep foundation pit; pre-investigating the underground diaphragm wall of the deep foundation pit, and paying attention to positions such as voids and pits, cavities, water seepage surfaces and water gushing surfaces to further determine detecting range and objects; detailing detection time, targets and methods according to pre-investigating results to form a formal detection scheme; using an infrared thermal imager to detect the targets to form images according to the detection scheme and recording and saving the related thermal field images; judging leakage points of the underground diaphragm wall; and analyzing and judging abnormal thermal fields so as to judge and position the leakage points. The method uses clear principles, and is highly adaptive and economical. The infrared thermal imager is used to detect the infrared thermal fields so as to judge and position the leakage points of the underground diaphragm wall of the foundation pit while construction of the foundation pit is not affected. Accordingly, fast and convenient judging and positioning of the leakage of the underground diaphragm wall of the foundation pit are achieved.

The invention belongs to the field of analysis and testing technology and specifically discloses a determination method for TOC of solid combustible matters. The method comprises the following steps: placing a solid combustible matter sample with certain mass into a combustor (an oxygen bomb) filled with an excess NaOH solution for complete combustion so as to thoroughly oxidize organic carbon into CO2; allowing the NaOH solution to completely absorb CO2 and converting CO2 into Na2CO3; adjusting a pH value to 8.32 by using a hydrochloric acid solution to convert Na2CO3 to NaHCO3; and measuring carbon content in NaHCO3 by using acid-base titration and calculating the TOC value of the solid combustible matter. The method provided by the invention has the characteristics of clear chemical principles, direct carbon measurement, reliable analysis, accurate analysis results, easy and convenient operation, low analysis cost and environmental protection and is applied to determination of TOC of solid combustible matters with complex composition and to related fields.

The invention provides an evaluation device and method of well cementation flushing efficiency. Designed according to the Reynolds number equality theory, the device comprises a simulated well casing, a heating water tank, a power pump and an electromagnetic flowmeter, wherein the simulated well casing mainly comprises an inner barrel and an outer barrel; the inner barrel comprises an inner barrel body, steel screen meshes with different mesh numbers and an inner barrel end cover; the inner barrel can simulate a stratum under the circumstance that the steel screen meshes are covered with filter paper or the inner barrel is filled with quartz sand; the outer barrel can rotate; guide vanes with different forms are designed to simulate a casing pipe. The method is easy to operate, high in comparability and low in workload, can effectively form a filter cake, simulate and evaluate the characteristics of the flushing efficiency under the circumstance that the casing pipe rotates or a spiral centralizer is used, can evaluate the flushing efficiency of flushing fluid for a first interface and a second interface, can evaluate and optimally select the flushing fluid system and design the dosage of the flushing fluid, and is wide in application.

The invention discloses an electromagnetic field principle-based steel bar corrosion monitoring sensor, which comprises a magnetic induction intensity monitoring unit and a data processing unit, wherein the magnetic induction intensity monitoring unit comprises a magnetic core, a coil, a packaging housing, hall sensors and a signal generator; and the data processing unit comprises a signal processor and a central processor. The invention further provides a testing method for the electromagnetic field principle-based steel bar corrosion monitoring sensor. The method comprises the steps of pretreating a to-be-tested specimen; measuring the magnetic induction intensity; carrying out calibration test; and calculating the steel bar corrosion rate according to a calibration fitting equation. According to the electromagnetic field principle-based steel bar corrosion monitoring sensor and the testing method, the defect of corrosion monitoring of steel bars built in concrete in a traditional testing method is overcome, the effects of changes in steel bar positions and bayonet sizes on steel bar corrosion monitoring are removed through symmetrically arranging the hall sensors and controllingthe electromagnetic field intensity, accurate monitoring of reinforced concrete corrosion is achieved, and the electromagnetic field principle-based steel bar corrosion monitoring sensor and the testing method are suitable for a mortar specimen and also suitable for a concrete specimen.

The invention discloses a multi-end flexible DC power grid fault positioning method and system. The method comprises steps: positive and negative current traveling wave signals at two ends of a DC transmission line are acquired in real time; wavelet transform modulus maxima of the positive and negative current traveling waves of the DC line after fault is calculated; validity test is carried out on the wavelet transform modulus maxima data; fault electrode recognition based on a current traveling wave wavelet transform modulus maxima difference is carried out; fault line recognition based on atwo-end current traveling wave wavelet transform modulus maxima symbol difference is carried out; and an accurate fault position is solved. The simulation analysis shows that in various fault conditions, a fault electrode and a fault line can be correctly recognized, the fault position can be accurately calculated, the sensitivity is high, the reliability is high, and besides, a positioning device in a local end only needs to transmit symbol and sampling time information of the wavelet transform modulus maxima to the opposite end, and requirements on communication are not high.

The invention relates to a system framework and a method for dynamically deploying a network security service. The framework comprises a service arranging layer for arranging a security service function link and sending; a service management layer used for receiving the security service function link sent by a service arranging layer, collecting physical resource information of a network link anda network service, building an overall service deployment path and sending a security service building linked list; and a service data layer used for receiving the security service building linked list sent by the service management layer and building a network security service link. According to the system framework and the method provided by the invention, the network security service can be deployed as required at a multi-domain data center, so as to meet individual requirements of different users.

The invention discloses a three-dimensional paddy field. Two grid-shaped plates are used for clamping middle filter materials such as broken stones and the like, so that a vertical wall body is formed; the top of the vertical wall body is provided with a water tank; a dripping pipe which is parallel to the vertical wall body is connected to the water tank; the bottom of the vertical wall body is provided with a water pool; water in the top water tank drips into the filter materials such as broken stones and the like through the dripping pipe, permeates, flows and returns into the bottom water pool; fishes can be cultivated in the bottom water pool; a water pump water replenishing system is arranged between the top water tank and the bottom water pool; when the top water tank lacks water, water is pumped from the bottom water pool with a water pump for replenishing, so that a water body continuously flows circularly up and down; rows of culturing grooves are horizontally formed on both sides of the vertical wall body respectively; and substrates which are suitable for plants to grow such as soil and the like are filled into the culturing grooves for culturing plants.

The invention discloses a device for measuring inner and outer diameters of a pipe fitting, and the device comprises a test platform, an outer diameter measuring unit and an inner diameter measuring unit disposed on the test platform, and a test control combiner. The measuring device adopts the image measuring technology to realize the measurement of the outer diameter of the pipe fitting and thelaser ranging technology to measure the inner diameter of the pipe fitting. Both test methods are non-contact measuring methods to ensure accurate and effective measurement results. The device is fully automated in test process, can not only realize simultaneous measurement of the inner and outer diameters of the pipe fitting, but also achieve independent testing of the inner or outer diameter ofthe pipe fitting, and greatly improves the test and detecting efficiency of the pipe fitting.