The invention provides an optical proximity effect correcting method. A setting mode of a target position of a line segment is not fixed, but is changed along with a graph, and generally, the curve endpoint of an analog graph corresponding to the line segment is used as the reference position of the target position. The curve endpoint can be judged by the following method: if the line segment translates in a direction perpendicular to the line segment, a point, which is tangential to the analog graph, of the line segment is the curve endpoint, and at the moment, the curve endpoint coincides with the target position. For the line segment, EPE at the position, which corresponds to the curve endpoint, of the line segment is maximum generally, image correction is performed according to the EPE, correction frequency can be reduced effectively, insufficient correction degree or excessive correction degree is reduced, an analog result is matched with a target value, and the correction efficiency and the correction precision are improved. The invention further provides an optical proximity effect correcting system.