The invention discloses a shield tunneling machine split starting construction method and belongs to the technical field of building construction. The method comprises the following steps: (1) cleaning an underground site, (2) starting base seat underground assembling and laying rails, (3) moving a first trolley and a second trolley underground and moving the first trolley and the second trolley backward, (4) moving a duct piece cart underground, (5) moving a connecting bridge and a spiral conveyor underground in a hoisting mode, and moving the connecting bridge and the spiral conveyor backward, (6) moving a starting table underground, smear ing lubricating grease, moving a cutter disk and a shield body underground and locating and assembling the cutter disk and the shield body, (7) assembling, (8) starting trying tunneling, (9) restoring to normal shield tunneling. The method has the advantages of effectively solving the problem that a shield tunneling machine cannot be operated and run normally for being restricted by the actual environment of a shield tunneling staring operation shaft on a construction site, greatly improving construction efficiency, saving construction cost, and reducing construction difficulty.