21938 results about "Sludge" patented technology

A membrane filter apparatus includes a membrane unit 50 composed of an array of membrane elements 51 disposed within a treatment tank 31. A skirt element 71 is disposed at a bottom portion of the membrane unit and an aerator 61 is disposed under the skirt. A partition is also disposed at the bottom of the membrane unit forming compartments within the skirt element. The gas bubbles discharged from the aerator increase their rising force upon entry into gaps between the membranes. Because of the arrangement of the partition within the skirt element the flow rate of bubbles along the opposite side edge portions of the membrane unit can be increased having the advantage of cleaning the entire surface of each membrane, thereby preventing clogging by sludge, SS, colloid, etc. within the gaps between the membranes. Therefore, filtration can be maintained over a longer period of time and the power required for filtration can be reduced, as well as, the frequency of manual periodic cleaning, chemical cleaning, etc.

A process for producing biodiesel has been invented by first extracting lipids from the sludges generated during primary and/or biological treatment of municipal, agricultural, and industrial wastewaters using primary, secondary, and tertiary treatments followed by the transesterification of the extracted lipids using transesterification conversion into alcohol-based esters. The resulting products from this process include biodiesel, glycerol, lipid-free proteins, various other useful chemicals and an aqueous-based substrate well suited for optimized digestion within subsequent biological digestion (either aerobic or anaerobic). The lipids extracted from the sludges containing high levels of microorganisms are phospholipids which can also be directly used as lecithin. The extraction of the lipids from the sludges will be performed using chemical extraction techniques with the transesterification of the extracted lipids accomplished using basic, acidic, and/or a combination of the two transesterification techniques.

Method for producing an hydrophobically associative polymer is provided which is characterized by forming a monomer solution comprising a surfactant, at least one hydrophobic ethylenically unsaturated monomer, at least one hydrophilic monomer selected from nonionic ethylenically monomers, cationic ethylenically unsaturated monomers, anionic ethylenically unsaturated monomers or mixtures thereof, and water; forming a salt solution comprising a multivalent salt and water; mixing the monomer solution and salt solution to form a mixed solution; and charging the mixed solution with an initiator, thereby polymerizing the monomers to form the hydrophobically associative polymer in a dispersion. Aqueous dispersion containing the hydrophobically associative polymer formed by the method. The aqueous dispersion containing the hydrophobically associative polymer may be used in a paint formulation, in a mobility control fluid useful in enhanced oil recovery, in a secondary or tertiary oil recovery system, in an enhanced oil recovery method, in a cementious composition, in an oil well drilling mud formulation, in a fracturing fluid formulation, in a wastewater treatment system, or in a dewatering sludge system.

Relating to the technical field of harmless treatment of petroleum exploitation sludge, the invention provides a harmless reinjection treatment method for petroleum exploitation sludge. By means of a pump station composed of several hydraulic injection pumps in parallel connection, the sludge generated in petroleum exploitation is sent to an abandoned layer of an oil field. The method provided in the invention employs the hydraulic injection pumps with long stroke, low stroke frequency and high pressure to inject the sludge into the abandoned layer of the oil field, therefore, the treatment problem of oilfield exploitation sludge is solved, and simultaneously the sludge is returned to underground, thus realizing recycling of petroleum resources in the sludge, enhancing the petroleum recovery rate of the oil field, and changing the waste petroleum exploitation sludge into things of value.

One aspect of the invention relates to a process, comprising treating lignocellulosic biomass according to a first pretreatment protocol, thereby generating a first product mixture; separating the first product mixture into a first plurality of fractions; and treating at least one fraction of said first plurality of fractions according to a second pretreatment protocol, thereby generating a second product mixture. In one embodiment, the lignocellulosic biomass is selected from the group consisting of grass, switch grass, cord grass, rye grass, reed canary grass, miscanthus, sugar-processing residues, sugarcane bagasse, agricultural wastes, rice straw, rice hulls, barley straw, corn cobs, cereal straw, wheat straw, canola straw, oat straw, oat hulls, corn fiber, stover, soybean stover, corn stover, forestry wastes, recycled wood pulp protocol protocol fiber, paper sludge, sawdust, hardwood, softwood, and combinations thereof.

A system uses thermal solar energy coupled with microwaves and plasma for producing carbon monoxide (CO) and dihydrogen (H2) from carbonated compounds (biomass, domestic waste, sludge from waste water, fossil coal), wherein the obtained gaseous mixture yields, amongst others, hydrocarbon fuels (olefins, paraffin), esters, and alcohols via a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. In a first step the carbonated compounds are roasted and pyrolized to produce char and dry coal, and a mixture of superheated gases containing CO2, steam, tars and non-condensable volatile materials. The method includes in a second step, and from the pyrolyis products (char or coal, gas mixture), generating a syngas substantially containing a mixture of carbon monoxide and dihydrogen, the mixture being used in Fischer-Tropsch synthesis units. After the Fischer-Tropsch step, the synthesis products are separated in a distillation column after heating in solar furnaces of mixed furnaces (solar/microwave).

A system and process are provided for recovering and/or cleaning residual or waste petroleum products such as sludge accumulated within a storage tank or upon process equipment surfaces, or from inorganic materials such as sand or clay, and the like. The system and process include a negatively charged aqueous-based dispersion fluid, which is contacted with the petroleum product under controlled relatively high pressure and high shear conditions for fluidizing hydrocarbon molecules and for preventing such molecules from adherence to process equipment surfaces, or contaminants such as sand or clay. Additional mechanical separation as by subjecting the mixed petroleum product and dispersion fluid slurry to sonic vibration may also be employed. The thus-fluidized slurry of petroleum products, dispersion fluid, and inorganic materials can be separated by conventional techniques, as by settling and/or flotation, for further individual processing and/or re-use.

The process and system of the invention converts carbonaceous feedstock such as coal, hydrocarbon oil, natural gas, petroleum coke, oil shale, carbonaceous-containing waste oil, carbonaceous-containing medical waste, carbonaceous-containing military waste, carbonaceous-containing industrial waste, carbonaceous-containing medical waste, carbonaceous-containing sewage sludge and municipal solid waste, carbonaceous-containing agricultural waste, carbonaceous-containing biomass, biological and biochemical waste, and mixtures thereof into electrical energy without the production of unwanted greenhouse emissions. The process and system uses a combination of a gasifier, e.g., a kiln, operating in the exit range of at least 700° to about 1600° C. (1300-2900° F.) to convert the carbonaceous feedstock and a greenhouse gas stream into a synthesis gas comprising mostly carbon monoxide and hydrogen without the need for expensive catalysts and or high pressure operations. One portion of the synthesis gas from the gasifier becomes electrochemically oxidized in an electricity-producing fuel cell into an exit gas comprising carbon dioxide and water. The latter is recycled back to the gasifier after a portion of water is condensed out. The second portion of the synthesis gas from the gasifier is converted into useful hydrocarbon products.

The invention discloses a combined anaerobic fermentation method of organic solid wastes. The organic solid wastes used for the combined anaerobic fermentation include domestic wastes, excess sludge, feces, kitchen waste, straws, etc. The method comprises the following steps: carrying out different pre-processing processes to obtain organic materials with a granularity less than 5 mm; passing through a cutting pump, adjusting the C/N ratio, adjusting the water content, etc. to obtain a homogeneous fermentation substrate with a solid holdup of 2 to 10%; hydrolyzing and acidifying the fermentation substrate in the presence of a hydrolase; fermenting for a period of 15 to 25 days under the condition of stirring at a middle temperature of 32-38 DEG C to obtain biogas, which can be used for energy supply or output of a system; aging and desalting the biogas liquid to obtain a liquid humic acid fertilizer; and processing the biogas residues to a granular humic acid fertilizer. The fermentation substrate has proper C/N ratio to obviate feedback suppression of the substrate during the fermentation of a single material and simultaneously can enhance the hydrolysis effects of celluloses, lignin, hemicelluloses, etc. The method has the advantages of easy flow pattern control, low energy consumption, and no generation of sewages, and can obtain the high-quality biogas fluid and the high-quality granular humic acid fertilizer.

The invention discloses an active alumina/active carbon composite material and a preparation method thereof. The composite material comprises the following ingredients: 70-90 weight portions of sludge, 10-30 weight portions of active carbon, and 15-35 weight portions of binder, and is prepared by uniformly mixing, pelleting, aging, molding, drying in the air, sintering, rinsing and drying. Using sludge as raw material has an important meaning to environmental protection and recycling of waste. The invention has the advantages of simple preparation method, easy obtainment of raw material, and low cost, and can be widely applied in the fields of industry, agriculture, environmental protection, air cleaning, water treatment and the like.

A gravity flow sludge load-out metering gate comprising a frame having longitudinal and horizontal frame rails and a transverse rail member which defines a gate front portion and a smaller gate rear portion. A sludge inlet funnel is positioned above the front portion for insertion into the interior of a hopper discharge outlet. In the preferred embodiment, the sludge inlet funnel is substantially square and has four triangular, tapering interior sides, which, when viewed from above define an asymmetrical four-pointed star, the interior configuration of which further defines an asymmetrical diamond-shaped sludge discharge orifice. Interior to the metering gate frame is a metering gate blade, slidingly positioned between a plurality of support rollers and a bulb seal, the gate operatively connected to electric, hydraulic, or pneumatic power.

Sewage waste digestive bacteria and enzymes are incorporated into a slow release material and delivered to the site of the waste to digest the solid waste. The slow release material is made heavy so the enzymes and bacteria will be delivered to the sludge in the bottom of a sewage digester chamber and made fat soluble so that the enzymes and bacteria will be delivered to the grease in the waste system to be digested. This selective delivery system prevents the enzymes and bacteria from being diluted in grey water rendering them less effective and discharged from the sewage system without digesting waste.

The invention discloses a sewage treatment unit with good practicality. The sewage treatment unit comprises a settling box, a purifying box and a disinfection box, wherein the top end of one side of the settling box is provided with a chemical reagent tank; the top of the settling box is provided with a stirring motor; a sludge discharge outlet is formed in the bottom end of the settling box; the interior of the purifying box is provided with, from top to bottom, a magnet adsorption screen, a biomembrane filter screen and an active carbon filter screen; the sidewall of the disinfection box is provided with an ozone generator; and gas-distributing pipes are arranged in the disinfection box. The sewage treatment unit provided by the invention can effectively eliminate heavy metals, microbes, organic harmful substances, particulate matters and other impurities in water, is capable of removing pigments and peculiar smell in water, and has improved sewage treatment effect; and since the ozone generator is mounted on the sidewall of the disinfection box, ozone generated by the ozone generator can be used for sterilization and disinfection of purified clear water after purification of sewage, so sewage is allowed to reach discharge standard.

The invention discloses a rock slope ecological protection afforestation substrate. The substrate is prepared by evenly mixing a mixture of mixed and fermented straw, cattle manure, edible fungus refuse (the waste after the edible fungus production), sludge and organic matter fibers, compound fertilizer, a soil moisture holding agent, a binding agent, attapulgite powder and a pH regulator. The rock slope ecological protection afforestation substrate is used to carry out the spray seeding and greening on the exposed rock slope, the discarded mine and the mountain gap, and can maximally restore the vegetation ecology in a shorter period, thereby reaching the aims of afforestation and slope protection. The substrate can supply a reasonable physical structure and nutrient contents needed by the growth of the vegetation, and ensure the sufficient cohesion force between the substrate mixture on the slope surface and the rock slope so as to ensure that the vegetation on the slope surface can take root and grow well on the rock slope. The substrate can ensure the stability of the substrate mixture on the slope surface so as to resist the rain erosion. The substrate can rapidly seal the slope surface and prevent the slope surface from flaking off due to efflorescence together with the vegetation.

The invention discloses a fertilizing and conditioning agent for improving the saline alkali soil, and the fertilizing and conditioning agent includes an organic material, an inorganic material and a regulator for the plant growth, wherein, the weight proportion between the organic material and the inorganic material is 3:2 to 1:1. The organic material is fermented and maturated by one or a plurality of such organic matters as town living sludge, excrements of livestock and poultry, and furfural slag; and the inorganic material is formed by one or a plurality of such industrial waste and materials as desulfurized gypsum, phosphogypsum, and ammonium sulphate. Moreover, appropriate growth regulator for plant which is added according to the growing requirements can not only improve the saline alkali soil and fertilize the soil, but also can improve the plant growth and promote the plant to grow well as well as providing an effective path for promoting the recycling of the waste resources and reducing the secondary pollution to the town and the country.

Provided is a process for the supercritical upgrading of petroleum feedstock, wherein the process includes the use of a start-up agent, wherein the use of the start-up agent facilitates mixing of the petroleum feedstock and water, thereby reducing or eliminating the production of coke, coke precursor, and sludge.

The invention discloses a new method for large-scale production of calcium sulfate whiskers, which is characterized in that a large number of cheap water-soluble Ca2+ and water-soluble SO42- ions are used at a certain pH, salt-containing impurities and whisker control agents and a certain synthesis Calcium sulfate whiskers were synthesized under conditions such as , aging, and temperature. The invention has the advantages of simple process, low investment, low cost and excellent products. It can be co-produced with various existing processes containing Ca2+ and SO42-, can eliminate the waste water and waste residue pollution of these processes, and can greatly improve these co-production processes. economic benefits.

The invention relates to an aerobic wastewater digestion unit useful for degrading organic material dissolved or suspended in a wastewater stream. The wastewater is fed to a vessel, wherein it is circulated by a liquid conveyor between the vessel and a downwardly-directed tube. Expulsion of fluid from the tube into the lower portion of the vessel agitates the liquid in the vessel and disperses into the liquid air that has been entrained in the liquid in the tube. The digester can be operated using varying liquid levels, and is amenable to batch, semi-batch, and continuous operation. The digester is suitable for use in combination with other components of wastewater treatment systems, and can be included as a module in modular wastewater treatment systems.

The invention provides a method for treating fracturing waste fluid in an oil-gas field, belonging to the oil-gas field waste fluid treatment technology, which overcomes the problems existed in other methods. The process steps of the method are as follows: the water quality achieves a recirculation standard or accords with the II grade discharge standard of the integrated sewage discharge standard GB8978-1996, through technical treatments of raw water (pH) adjustment, H2O2/Fe<2+> catalytic oxidation, chemical precipitation, enhanced flocculation and sedimentation, fine filter and adsorption filtration, and system settling sludge, then the settled sludge is subject to filter pressing and dehydrating, press filtrate returns to the front end for after-treatment, and mud cake is desiccated and manufactured into bricks for application or is treated through using the incinerating treatment technology. The method is an effective method for treating the fracturing waste fluid in the oil-gas field.

An apparatus and method for mixing a gas and a liquid while concomitantly mixing and suspending solids and sludge at the bottom of a deep tank. The present invention includes a gas-liquid aerator which is adapted to be submerged below the surface of wastewater in a deep tank. An expanding high velocity gas-liquid mixture is caused to exit from the bottom of the submerged aerator device with enough force to mix and suspend settling solids and sludge at the bottom of the deep tank.

A sintered insulating hollow building block is prepared from coal gangue, powdered coal ash, steel slags, metallurgical tailings, red mud, and rejected solid (building garbage, life garbage and city mud) or shale through proportionally adding adhesive and millipore forming agent and sintering.

The invention discloses a refined organic fertilizer and preparing method of sludge, which comprises the following steps: compounding piled raw materials; piling; turning the pile; ripening; drying in the hot cavity; sieving to obtain the product. The refined organic fertilizer contains composite sludge, organic amendment, inorganic amendment, matured accelerant, microbe grafting agent and adsorbant, which are blended completely according to certain proportion, wherein these materials are fermented for the second time, which are prepared into refined organic fertilizer.

The invention discloses a novel method of the harmless treatment and utilization of livestock and poultry which died of disease according to the steps as follows: firstly, various kinds of the animal bodies of the livestock and the poultry which died of disease are collected; secondly, the animal bodies are crushed; thirdly, the crushed animal bodies are sterilized under high temperature and highpressure and separated for filtering, the material of oil and fat flows into a cooling pool, and the material of hair and bone is dried; fourthly, the material of hair and bone after drying is carbonized; fifthly, the material of oil and fat after cooling is added with catalyst, high-efficiency compound microorganism, trash, organic wastewater and sludge; sixthly, the mixed organic material is put into an anaerobic tower to be fermented, and then biogas, biogas slurry and biogas slag are processed for three-phase separation; seventhly, the biogas is used for burning and generating electricity; eighthly, the biogas slurry inside a fertilizer storing pool is used as farmland fertilizer; ninthly, the biogas slag is added with the high-efficiency compound microorganism and the catalyst for secondary ferment; tenthly, the material after the secondary ferment is made into agricultural high-efficiency organic fertilizer. The invention solves the problem of the environmental pollution caused by the livestock and poultry which died of disease and change the waste livestock and poultry which died of disease into valuables.

The invention discloses a salt-tolerant microbial agent and a preparation method thereof. The microbial agent contains staphylococcus cohnii FSND-C, arthrobacter creatinolyticus FDN-1, flavobacterium mizutaii FDN-2, paracoccus denitrificans DN-3 and methylobacterium phyllosphaerae SDN-3. The microbial agent can achieve removal of ammonia nitrogen, total nitrogen and CODcr in the same reactor, has a good wastewater treatment effect, and can achieve short-cut nitrification and denitrification or simultaneous nitrification and denitrification while removing COD. Staphylococcus cohnii FSND-C can utilize various carbon sources, has certain salt tolerance, can be applied to the high-salinity wastewater treatment process, simultaneously can secrete a substance under environmental stimulus to enhance the flocculability of sludge, and further widens the application range of the microbial agent.

A two-step chemical precipitation process involving hydroxide precipitation and sulfide precipitation combined with “field separation” technology such as magnetic separation, dissolved air flotation, vortex separation or expanded plastics flotation, effectively removes chelated and non-chelated heavy metal precipitates and other fine particles from water. In the first-step, the non-chelated heavy metals are precipitated as hydroxides and removed from the water by a conventional liquid/solids separator such as an inclined plate clarifier to remove a large percentage of the dissolved heavy metals. The cleaned water is then treated in a second precipitation step to remove the residual heavy metals to meet discharge limits. In the second precipitation step, any metal precipitant more effective than hydroxide for metal precipitation can be used. The invention improves metal removal, lowers cost because fewer chemicals are used, produces less sludge, and reduces the discharge of toxic metals and metal precipitants to the environment.

A scale high-speed composting treatment method of organic wastes comprises the following steps: the organic wastes are taken as fermentable substrates; thoroughly decomposed materials are reused as desiccants and strains; the physicochemical property of the organic wastes is adjusted to the condition required by aerobic fermentation microorganism; forced aeration fermentation is carried out in airiness fermentation plants; the fermentation temperature of fermentation materials is increased to over 70 DEG C in a very short time and high temperature fermentation is maintained for 1-15 days; organic wastes with high water content are quickly dehydrated to below 20-60% in short time and then are transferred to a static forced aeration fermentation system for secondary fermentation; therefore, the water ratios of the fermentation materials are further reduced, the fermentation temperature drops to the ambient temperature and always remains the same, and the materials are thoroughly decomposed. The method realizes scale high-speed composting treatment of the organic wastes and boosts resource treatment of such organic wastes as municipal and industrial sludges.

The invention discloses a formula and a method for manufacturing ceramic tile blank bodies by utilizing polished waste residues. The formula adopts ingredients by weight portions: porcelain clays account for 18 to 40 parts, clays account for 20 to 30 parts, limestone grains account for 1 to 10 parts, wollastonite grains account for 3 to 15 parts, glazed tile sludge residues account for 3 to 10 parts, ceramic polished waste residues account for 15 to 45 parts, soluble glass accounts for 1 to 2 parts, thinners account for 0.15 to 0.4 parts, sodium tripolyphosphate accounts for 0.05 to 0.2 parts, and a proper amount of water is adopted. A manufacturing method of the ceramic tile blank bodies comprises the steps as follows: a. raw materials are put in a ball grinder for ball milling after being blended so as to form sizing agents with proper fineness and screen tailings through milling, and the sizing agents are processed through deferrization, sieving and spray drying so as to form powders; and b. the powders are put in a die cavity of a press forming machine to form waterish blanks through pressing, the waterish blanks are dried in a drying kiln, the dried waterish blanks are applied with base pulp and then enter a biscuit firing kiln, biscuit firing is carried out under the temperature ranging from 1080 to 1160 DEG C, heat preservation is carried out in an area with the temperature ranging from 1040 to 1060 DEG C, the sintering time of the area is prolonged, and the sintering process for oxidizing atmosphere can be enhanced at the same time so as to obtain the ceramic tile blank bodies.

The invention provides a cold-bonded pellet used on the raw material of steelmaking or ironmaking and a preparation method thereof. The component and the mass ratio of the cold-bonded pellet are as follows: 8 to 60 percent of precipitator dust and dust sludge, 20 to 85 percent of iron sheet, concentrate powder and iron-bearing auxiliary material, 0.4 to 15 percent of binder. In the preparation method, the moisture in raw material is utilized to directly mix the raw material with other components in a mixer, then the mixture is pressed and formed via a briquetting press after uniform mixing, and the pellet after forming is maintained at room temperature and dried naturally. The cold-bonded pellet of the invention has the advantages of the simple forming process, the low fabrication cost, the rapid hardening of pellet and taking the short time, the high compressive strength, achieving not only the waste recycling and reducing the environmental pollution, but also the high granulation rate, the low damage rate, the wide applicability and the stable quality. The invention is especially suitable for wide application in sintering plant, ironmaking plant and steelmaking plant.

This is a method of water and wastewater treatment for removal of pollutants in at least two-step process comprising (a) treatment of water producing at least partially treated intermediate effluent, (b) treatment of the intermediate effluent with a sacrificial metal and producing ions of said sacrificial metal, and providing very thoroughly treated effluent, (c) recuperating sacrificial metal ions generated in the step (b) and recycling the recuperated ions in the step (a), the recuperated and recycled ions from the step (c) improve treatment efficiency of step (a) by additionally removing pollutants from the intermediate effluent using recuperated ions, resulting in cleaner intermediate effluent, and, therefore, the pollutant loading rate in step (b) is reduced, intermediate effluent is further treated more thoroughly, and the demand for the sacrificial metal in step (b) is reduced. Step (a) can preferably be a biological, biological-abiotic, physical chemical, or combination of these steps. Step (b) is preferably a spontaneous cementation-driven electrochemical process. The combination of said steps (a), (b) and (c) produces a synergistic effect resulting in improved removal of said pollutants and in reduced need in said sacrificial metal. For example, a drinking quality water can be very economically and reliably obtained from wastewater. In addition to the superb treatment efficiency and reduced reagent requirements, the waste sludge from the system is beneficially disposed in-sewers, in sanitary landfills or on land.

The invention relates to a green bioactive organic fertilizer, which effectively solves the problems of soil hardening, environmental pollution, and harm from residual chemical substances of grains, vegetables and fruits to human bodies. The solved technical scheme is that the green bioactive organic fertilizer is prepared by taking sludge, waste powder, poultry and animal feces, straw powder, residues, feather powder, amino acid original powder, phosphoesterases complex, a first group of complex bacteria, and a second group of complex bacteria as raw materials; uniformly mixing the sludge, the waste powder, the poultry and animal feces, the straw powder, the phosphoesterases complex and the first group of complex bacteria; stacking and covering the mixture with a sack for performing a biogenic reaction, and keeping a reaction product at the temperature of 50 to 55 DEG C for 2 days; adding the residues, the feather powder, the amino acid original powder into the reaction product, uniformly mixing the mixture for performing a secondary reaction, and keeping a reaction product at the temperature of 50 to 55 DEG C for 7 to 10 days; and adding the second complex bacteria into the latest reaction product, uniformly mixing, palletizing, checking and packaging the mixture. The green bioactive organic fertilizer has the advantages of scientific formulation, simple preparation method, good effect, no pollution and no harm to human bodies.