3444 results about "Tar" patented technology

The present invention relates to an electronic cigarette, an electronic cigarette smoke capsule and an atomization device thereof, utilizing more than one heating element. The heating elements are further provided on the same or different smoke output channels and further are connected in parallel. This kind of disposable electronic cigarette, electronic cigarette smoke capsule and the atomization device thereof not only can improve the atomization ability and the product reliability by times, but also can make the atomized tar particles finer.

The present invention relates to an electronic atomization cigarette which only contains nicotine without harmful tar. The electronic atomization cigarette includes a shell and a mouthpiece. The external wall of the shell has an air inlet. An electronic circuit board, a normal pressure cavity, a sensor, a vapor-liquid separator, an atomizer, a liquid-supplying bottle are sequentially provided within the shell, wherein the electronic circuit board comprises an electronic switching circuit and a high frequency generator. A stream passage of the sensor is provided on one side of the sensor, and a negative pressure cavity is provided in the sensor. The atomizer and the liquid-supplying bottle is in contact with each other. An atomization cavity is arranged in the atomizer. A retaining ring for locking the liquid-supplying bottle is provided between one side of the liquid-supplying bottle and the shell, and an aerosol passage is provided on the other side of the liquid-supplying bottle. The air inlet, normal pressure cavity, vapor-liquid separator, atomizer, aerosol passage, gas vent and mouthpiece are sequentially interconnected. The advantages of the present invention include smoking without tar, significantly reducing the cancerogenic risk. Furthermore, users still feel as if they are smoking and experiencing the same excitement, and the cigarette is no need to be lit and is no fire risk.

An electronic cigarette atomization device is built in a disposable electronic cigarette or disposable smoke capsule electronic cigarette. The electronic cigarette atomization device comprises a tar storage (2) between the smoke capsule shell (4) of the electronic cigarette and a hollow tubular bracket (3), a smoking channel corresponding to the hollow tubular bracket (3), and a heating element (5) electrically connected to a battery (10) of the electronic cigarette at outlet of the tar storage in the channel. The heating element (5) and the axis of the hollow tubular bracket (3) form an angle of 10-90°, connection wires (8) at two ends of the heating element (5) are provided between the hollow tubular bracket (3) and the smoke capsule shell (4), electrically connected to the battery (10).

The invention provides systems and methods for converting biomass into syngas using a pressurized multi-stage progressively expanding fluidized bed gasifier to eliminate or reduce the formation of methane, volatiles such as BTX, and tars. The gasifier may include a reactive stage that may receive a biomass feed through a feed line and oxygen through an oxygen feed line. The gasifier may also include a fluidized bed section that may be configured to receive the reaction products from the first stage, mix them and perform fluidized bed activity. A gasifier may also have a disengagement section that may be configured to separate fluidized media and particulate matter from syngas product. A gasification system may also include oxyblown catalytic autothermal reactor and a cryogenic air separation unit.

Method and apparatus for generating a low tar, renewable fuel gas from biomass and using it in other energy conversion devices, many of which were designed for use with gaseous and liquid fossil fuels. An automated, downdraft gasifier incorporates extensive air injection into the char bed to maintain the conditions that promote the destruction of residual tars. The resulting fuel gas and entrained char and ash are cooled in a special heat exchanger, and then continuously cleaned in a filter prior to usage in standalone as well as networked power systems.

The invention provides a method for preparing hydrogen and LNG from coke oven gas. The method comprises the following steps: electric decoking; boosting of the coke oven gas by a compression system; cooling of the raw gas coke oven gas by using the BOG gas (the BOG gas is a gas formed after the passive heating gasification of LNG) of LNG in order to further remove tar, benzene, naphthalene and like substances in the coke oven gas; and pretreatment using a TSA process to finely remove macromolecular impurities, such as tar, benzene, naphthalene and the like; wet and dry two-stage desulfurization for removing sulfides in the coke oven gas; two-stage low pressure shifting for a reaction of CO and water vapor to form CO2 and hydrogen; and pressurization using a compressor, an MDEA solution process for removing carbon dioxide, a membrane separation technology for separating hydrogen and methane, separation, concentration and purification of the hydrogen and methane, and dehydration, demercuration and liquefaction of the separated high-concentration methane to obtain the LNG. The coke oven gas is finally converted into the hydrogen and the LNG which have high values, so the energy of thecoke oven gas is fully used, and the environment is protected.

A system uses thermal solar energy coupled with microwaves and plasma for producing carbon monoxide (CO) and dihydrogen (H2) from carbonated compounds (biomass, domestic waste, sludge from waste water, fossil coal), wherein the obtained gaseous mixture yields, amongst others, hydrocarbon fuels (olefins, paraffin), esters, and alcohols via a Fischer-Tropsch synthesis. In a first step the carbonated compounds are roasted and pyrolized to produce char and dry coal, and a mixture of superheated gases containing CO2, steam, tars and non-condensable volatile materials. The method includes in a second step, and from the pyrolyis products (char or coal, gas mixture), generating a syngas substantially containing a mixture of carbon monoxide and dihydrogen, the mixture being used in Fischer-Tropsch synthesis units. After the Fischer-Tropsch step, the synthesis products are separated in a distillation column after heating in solar furnaces of mixed furnaces (solar/microwave).

A waste-to-synthesis gas system including: a first gasifier for receiving biomass; a gas distributor for delivering reactant gas and oxygen into the first gasifier in a countercurrent direction to the biomass flow and to define a plurality of reaction regions including a drying region, a pyrolysis region, a gasification region and a combustion region; and, a second gasifier for receiving gases from the plurality of regions of the first gasifier and a gas distributor for delivering reactant gas and oxygen into the second gasifier in a concurrent direction to the flow of gases from the first gasifier. As a result, no carbon chars, oils or tars are expected to be present in the synthesis gas produced.

The present invention relates to a process and system for gasifying biomass or other carbonaceous feedstocks in an indirectly heated gasifier and provides a method for the elimination of condensable organic materials (tars) from the resulting product gas with an integrated tar removal step. More specifically, this tar removal step utilizes the circulating heat carrier to crack the organics and produce additional product gas. As a benefit of the above process, and because the heat carrier circulates through alternating steam and oxidizing zones in the process, deactivation of the cracking reactions is eliminated.

Disclosed is a method which uses coke-oven gas as the raw material to produce liquefied natural gas; the method includes that the coke-oven gas is pretreated firstly to enable the tar, naphthalene and benzene impurities contained in the coke-oven gas to be purified deeply; and the purified coke-oven gas is processed with methanation reaction after compression and desulfurization; the liquefied natural gas product which contains CH4 with the content of more than 85% through the cryogenic separation process; the residual non-condensable gas is prepared to obtain the hydrogen with the purity of 99% through the PSA separation technique; the residual desorbed gas can be used as manufactured gas. The method which uses the coke-oven gas as the raw material to produce liquefied natural gas has the advantages of making full use of the compositions, saving energy, water and the investment, simple process and realizing the trinity coordinated development of economy, environment and energy sources.

A method for synthesizing and producing natural gas by hydrogen of coal gas and its synthesizer are disclosed. The process is carried out by purifying tar, crude removing sulfur, ammonia, benzene and naphthalene, compressing to 0.5-5.0 MPa, removing sulfur impurities, supplementing carbon 5-20 wt%, and methanation reacting to obtain final product. It saves energy resources and has no environmental pollution.

A gasifier is disclosed combining a fixed bed gasification section where coarse fuel is gasified and an entrained flow gasification section where fine fuel is gasified. The fixed bed section includes upper and lower sections. Coarse fuel is devolatilized in the upper fixed bed section and subjected to elevated temperatures sufficient to crack and destroy tars and oils in the effluent gases. The entrained flow gasification section is disposed in a lower plenum adjacent the lower fixed bed section. A plurality of injection ports are configured to introduce oxygen, steam, or air into different sections of the gasifier to control temperature and operating conditions. Activated carbon may be formed in the upper fixed bed section and in the entrained flow section. The activated carbon may be used as a sorbent to remove pollutants from the effluent gases. The gasifier may be used with various coarse and fine fuel feedstocks.

The invention discloses a bridge heat fixed epoxy tar material and preparing method, which consists of A and B, wherein A part quality component is 60-76 modified tar with carboxy group or acid anhydride, grease group diacid, 11-25 dimer acid or alkyd resin, 10-25 fatty acid and 0.05-0.65 solidifying celeratist; B is epoxy resin; the quality rate of A and B is 2:1-8:1. The invention possesses high strength and good flexibility, which is fit for higher occasion.

Method for recovery of bitumen from tar sand is provided. An aqueous fluid containing a wetting agent and nanoparticles is injected into a first horizontal well at a temperature above reservoir temperature. Bitumen is released from sand grains and flows into a second horizontal well, where it is transported to surface. In a surface treatment facility, a slurry of tar sand is formed and surfactant and nanoparticles are added to the slurry.

Hydrocarbons are extracted from a target formation, such as oil shale, tar sands, heavy oil and petroleum reservoirs, by apparatus and methods which cause fracturing of the containment rock and liquification or volatization of the hydrocarbons by microwave energy directed by a radiating antenna in the target formation.

Systems for containing, training, and tracking pets utilize electronic pet tags or collars, including IR reception and two-way RF communication. An aimable IR directional zone defining unit includes selectable different modes of operation relative to a pet collar or tag. A RF base station arranged to communicate with an pet collar or tar includes is arranged to automatically communicate with at least one terminal responsive to a receipt of a RF signal indicative of at least one of: condition of the pet, behavior of the pet, and proximity of the pet to the base station. The base station may further generate a user-perceptible alarm signal. A handheld remote controller adapted to communicate with the electronic pet collar or tag includes memory for digital media files, and an audio output element to deliver audible pet training instructions from the memory element.

An air chamber unit provided for a coke oven door enabling to suppress the generation of poor quality coke and reduce tar adhesion to coke oven door by accelerating coking reaction in the vicinity of coke oven door plug. An air chamber unit (17) is installed to control air supply to the bottom-less combustion space provided in hollow metallic coke oven door plug. For the purpose of long lasting stable air supply for said combustion space, air space (20) in the air chamber unit (17) is divided into two sections (A) and (B) by labyrinth partition to give different function for each of those section. Air intake pipe (27) is fitted in section (A) through bottom plate (21) of air chamber unit (17), wherein check valve plate (35) and other related components are provided as air supply control segments. Air supply pipe (30) or air delivery cup having one or more air inlet holes in upper portion is fitted in section (B) through bottom plate (21) of air chamber unit (17), wherein roles to remove contaminant particles suspended in backward flow gas are provided.

Production of biomass hydrogen-enriching fuel gas is carried out by thermal cracking for biomass raw materials at 550-650 deg. C under isolated air, converting it into gas-phase product and residual carbon, separating residual carbon from gas-phase product, transferring out of reacting system, burning to obtain heat energy, cracking at 800-950 deg. C and reforming into hydrogen, methane and other light hydrocarbons. It combines bitter spar catalyst and steam; it can eliminate tar, decrease methane content and increase hydrogen content. Hydrogen content reaches to 30%-55 wt%.

Disclosed is a gasification technique for converting biomass, which is difficult to treat, into clean gas fuel able to be burned in a cogeneration system. The gasification technique includes first stage fluidized-bed catalytic gasification, and second stage gasification of tar and catalytic reforming to convert nitrogen in tar, and HCN in a flammable gas into NH₃, unlike conventional gasification techniques. In addition, since the temperature of a total gasification process is lower than a melting point of ash, powdery ash is generated and thus easily treated. Also, little heat is released due to the low process temperature, and therefore, a compact reactor may be designed to produce gas having a high caloric value. Further, the generated tar is recovered and reused in other processes, and the gas fuel contains a small amount of ammonia.

The compositely circulating high temperature gasifying process for making synthetic gas with biomass includes the steps of low temperature charring, powdering, high temperature gasifying, separating carbon containing clinker, purifying synthetic gas, and circulating utilization of synthetic gas. Biomass material is first pyrolyzed into pyrolyzed gas and charcoal and the pyrolyzed gas is burnt incompletely in the high temperature gasifying furnace to produce gasifying agent and heat; the charcoal is powdered and fed to the reducing area in the high temperature gasifying furnace to produce reduction reaction with the gasifying agent; and the fly ash and residual carbon produced in the purification are returned to the burning area in the high temperature gasifying furnace. The present invention can produce synthetic gas with CO and H2 content up to 72 %, and has gasifying efficiency of 80-84 % and carbon converting rate over 99 %.

The invention relates to an electrical heating cigarette which comprises a cigarette holder, a heater, a power source, a control system and a casing. The heater at least comprises a heat source, an isolation layer, a tobacco heating area and a tobacco tar atomization area. The cigarette holder at least comprises a cavity and a filter tip. The tobacco heating area is defined by the heater heating source and the isolation layer, and the tobacco tar atomization area is defined by the casing and the isolation layer. The heater heating source heats tobaccos to enable the tobaccos to produce smoke, the heat of the tobaccos is transferred to the tobacco tar atomization area to enable the tobacco tar to be atomized to produce smoke, and by mixing the smoke in the cavity of the cigarette holder, smoke with large tobacco aroma is generated. Therefore, sucking needs of users can be met while heat energy generated by the heat source is fully utilized.

The invention discloses a visible heating atomizing cigarette which comprises a cigarette body and a cigarette holder. The cigarette body comprises a heating area, an atomizing area and a power source area. The heating area, the atomizing area and the power source area of the cigarette body are sequentially communicated with the cigarette holder through an airflow channel. A case of the heating area is made of heat-insulating transparent materials. Tobacco shreds or remanufactured tobacco leaves are filled in the heating area. Heating wires are arranged between the case and the tobacco shreds. A liquid storing cavity is formed in the atomizing area. The liquid storing cavity is connected with an atomizer in the power source area. The power source area is formed by electrically connecting a battery, a control circuit, a pneumatic inductive switch and the atomizer. When the visible heating atomizing cigarette is burnt and smoked, a user can breathe mixed smoke which is generated after heating of the tobacco shreds and atomizing of fragrance into the mouth through suction, and the sucking effect which is the same as that of a common cigarette is achieved. The visible heating atomizing cigarette has the dual advantages of electronic cigarettes and electrical heating cigarettes and is large in smoke amount, the amount of released harmful ingredients can be reduced greatly, tar cannot be generated, harm of passive smoking and the smoke of side flowing are avoided, and the visible heating atomizing cigarette is an effective substitute of a traditional combustible cigarette.

The invention discloses a novel carbon heating electronic cigarette which is formed by a carbon heating area, an electronic atomization area and a cigarette holder in sequence. The carbon heating area, the electronic atomization area and the cigarette holder are separated one another through breathable partition plates. The carbon heating area is formed by a carbolic matter heat source, an aerosol forming part and a fragrance forming part in sequence. The electronic atomization area is formed by connecting a power supply, an atomizer and a liquid storage cavity electrically. The cigarette holder is a conventional cellulore filter stick. When the novel carbon heating electronic cigarette is sucked, the carbolic matter heat source heats aerosol forming matters and pipe tobacco to form aerosol, sucked airflow triggers a pneumatic inductive switch to be opened, the atomizer works, tobacco liquid in the liquid storage cavity is atomized to form smog, and the smog and the aerosol are sucked into a mouth. The novel carbon heating electronic cigarette integrates advantages of carbon heating type cigarettes and advantages of electronic cigarettes, is novel in appearance and easy to manufacture, does not generate sidestream gas, can meet requirements for cigarette fragrance and nicotine of a consumer, and is low in the content of tar and harmful ingredients.

This invention relates to a tobacco vaporizer. The tobacco vaporizer includes a heating assembly, an electrode assembly, a battery assembly and a control assembly; the heating assembly further comprises a heating chamber configured to contain the substance to be vaporized and a heating wire in the heating chamber; the heating wire is connected to the battery assembly through the electrode assembly to obtain electric energy. When implementing the tobacco vaporizer of this invention, the tobacco vaporizer can enlarge contacting area between the heating wire and the substance to be vaporized by placing the heating wire in the heating chamber. It can extract sufficiently the useful component of the substance that is to be vaporized to make the smokers enjoy the special taste and smell of the tobacco, and there are no produced harmful substance, such as CO, tobacco tar and dust and so on.

The invention discloses a filter material for cigarette filter and the preparation method. Based on the expanded cabo particles from <The Preparation Method of an Expanded Cabo Particles and Relevant Equipment> (Application No.: 200710065892.3), the expanded cabo particles are extracted, shaped and selected as so to become the required filter material. The filter material utilizes the waste in the cigarette production, which not only has significant economic benefits, but also is not necessary to be recycled, and will not cause the abrasion of equipment and affect the sensory quality of cigarette. The filter material is uniformly arranged on the filter tows so as to make a composite filter; as the composite is applicable to the cigarette, the smell of the cigarette will be more clear and soft, and the tar and nicotine content in the smoke gas can be reduced effectively. The invention has the advantages that: the operation is simple; the effect is remarkable, therefore the invention has a good applicable prospect.

The present invention discloses an atomization assembly and an electronic cigarette. An atomization assembly comprises a transparent atomization sleeve. One end of the atomization sleeve is connected to a connection column, and the other end of the atomization sleeve is detachably connected to an atomization core configured to atomize smoke tar. A vent-pipe with two ends being inserted into the connection column and the atomization core respectively is sheathed in the atomization sleeve, and a first oil storage container for storing the smoke tar is formed between the atomization sleeve and the vent-pipe. The following advantageous effects can be achieved: the user can disassemble the suction nozzle cover at regular time to clean the liquid smoke stored in the oil storage container; besides, it is convenient to change the atomization core, to view the residual smoke tar and to add the smoke tar.

A system, apparatus and method for hydrocarbon extraction from feedstock material that is or includes organic material, such as oil shale, coal, lignite, tar sands, animal waste and biomass. A retort system including at least one retort vessel may include a monolithic dome structure surrounded by a process isolation barrier, the dome structure being sealingly engaged with the process isolation barrier. The dome structure and the process isolation barrier define a retort chamber, at least a portion of which may comprise a subterranean chamber. A lower end of the dome retort structure provides an exit for collected hydrocarbons and spent feedstock material. Systems may include a plurality of such dome retort structures. A control system may be used for controlling one or more operating parameters of a retorting process performed within such a dome retort structure for extraction and collection of hydrocarbons.

Disclosed are strategies for the economical microbial generation of hydrogen, useful as an alternative energy source, from hydrocarbon-rich deposits such as coal, oil and/or gas formations, oil shale, bitumen, tar sands, carbonaceous shale, peat deposits and sediments rich in organic matter through the management of the metabolism of microbial consortia.

A system and process for gasifying carbonaceous feedstock with staged slurry addition in order to prevent the formation of tar that causes deposition problems. Dry solid carbonaceous material is partially combusted, then pyrolysed along with a first slurry stream comprising carbonaceous material in two separate reactor sections, thereby producing mixture products comprising synthesis gas. The second slurry stream comprising particulate carbonaceous material is fed to a drying unit downstream of a heat recovery zone along with the mixture product exiting the heat recovery zone. The resulting final temperature of the second stage mixture products and dried particulate carbonaceous material is between 450° F. and 550° F., a temperature range that is typically not conducive to the emission of heavy molecular-weight tar species.

A method and apparatus for the hydraulic removal of bitumen from a tar sand deposit comprises forming a borehole into the tar sand deposit and securing a casing into the borehole. Into the casing is inserted a mining tool having a water/diluent channel and a slurry exit channel. Through the casing the borehole is charged with crushed aggregate. At the lower end of the tool are nozzles through which high pressure hot water/diluent is injected as a jet from the water/diluent channel into the tar sand deposit causing a cavity to form in the tar sand deposit. The heat of the water/diluent jets and dissolving action of the diluent softens the tar sand contacted and the impact of the jets and the scouring action of the aggregate, as impinged upon by the jets, removes the tar sand from the surface of the developing cavity into a water phase. A bitumen/diluent phase rises to the surface of the water phase and is removed from the cavity through the casing. A water sand slurry at the bottom of the developing cavity is removed from the slurry exit channel where sand is subsequently removed and the water is recovered and reintroduced back into the process along with makeup water and diluent. Water temperature and pressures are controlled to optimize the hydraulic mining process.