9820 results about "Charcoal" patented technology

The present invention relates to smoking articles such as cigarettes, and in particular to a method and composition for mentholation of smoking articles, including microencapsulation of menthol or other flavorants in a material melting below the pyrolysis zone of the smoking article.

An apparatus for flame simulation in an electrical fireplace which improves the realism of leaping and flickering flames, comprising a fixed light source, simulated charcoal, and a flame display screen which is arranged above the fixed light source. The simulated charcoal is located in front of the flame display screen. A twisted-style light reflector is located behind the flame display screen and is driven by a motor mounted inside the wall of the electrical fireplace. By rotating the twisted-style light reflector, light emitted from the fixed light source is reflected onto the flame display screen so the simulated dynamic leaping and flickering flames can be seen. The fixed light source also illuminates the simulated charcoal to produce an effect of burning charcoals. A heater produces warm air that is expelled from the fireplace.

The invention discloses a kind of biomass gasifying method and device. The technology through separating the two courses of solid biomass pyrogenation and decomposition and gasification of the pyrogenation outcome, then transform the biomass into flammable gas of rather low tar content. Firstly send biomass into the pyrogenation reactor, without oxidant in; have pyrogenation reaction at 400 - 650 Deg. C, the pyrogenation outcome including pyrogenation gas and remaining charcoal gets into pyrogenation carburetor, and have incomplete oxidizing combustion reaction with sent oxidant, to form a high temperature of 900 - 1100 Deg. C. At the time, the heavy hydrocarbon substance of tar decomposes into small molecule gas, and the decomposed gas leaves out of the carburetor after having deoxidizing reaction with the nether blazing carbon layer. The high temperature gas is provided for consumers' use after depurated and cooled. The gas produced by the invention has very low tar content, which makes the following depurating equipment simple, won't produce second pollution and makes the raw materials widely used. The produced fuel gas can be used in civil filed and directly used for generating electricity.

A halogen treatment is conducted comprising: a halogenation step wherein a halogenation heat treatment for preparing a halogenated carbonized charcoal is conducted in which the carbonized charcoal is brought into contact with halogen; and a dehalogenation step wherein a dehalogenation treatment is conducted in which a part of or all halogen atoms in the halogenated carbonized charcoal are eliminated. A porous carbonaceous material is obtained at a high yield, and the amounts of nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, and methane adsorbed by this porous carbonaceous material are large. When this porous carbonaceous material is used as an electrical double layer capacitor carbon, the electrostatic capacity is increased compared to conventional carbonaceous materials. Consequently, a carbonaceous material is obtained which has micopores and / or sub-micropores which are suitable for the adsorption of small molecules such as nitrogen, and for storage of electrochemical energy.

The invention discloses a production technique of copper strips for solar modules, which belongs to the technical field of nonferrous metal processing and comprises the following steps: drawing-up of continuous-casting oxygen-free copper bar: using high-quality electrolytic copper as the raw material, melting at 1150+ / -10 DEG C, keeping the temperature, covering the copper liquid surface with charcoal and graphite scales to ensure the vacuum state during melting, degassing on line, deoxidizing, stirring, and drawing up the copper bar with a tractor set in an on-off vacuum way; continuous extrusion of copper strip blanks: using oxygen-free copper rods as the raw material, producing copper strip blanks by using a continuous extruder set, cooling the extruded copper strip blanks through a vacuum oxidation-resisting pipe and a water tank, drying and coiling; and rough-rolling the copper strip blanks, medium-rolling, interstage annealing, finish rolling, degreasing, washing, annealing the finished product, washing, grinding the surface to passivate, and longitudinally cutting to obtain the finished product. The product of the invention has the advantages of high purity, low oxygen content and high electrical conductivity.

A method and apparatus for delivering predetermined amounts of material, the apparatus including a vertical drop chute, a filling chamber, a rotating wheel with pockets, a central stationary drum with at least one vacuum chamber and an air jet, and a vacuum rail for transporting an article underneath the rotating wheel and transferring the particles from pockets in the wheel to cavities in the article. The particles can be carbon or charcoal granules and the article can be a cigarette filter rod.

This invention involves pyrolysis of feedstock by introducing carbonaceous feedstock, into a hopper and moving it into a reactor tube enclosed in an oven, generating heat within the oven that is in part transferred to the feedstock, heating it to sufficient temperature to pyrolyze the feedstock into useful volatiles and char. A Venturi system produces a negative pressure directing volatiles into a pyro-gas oven producing heat necessary for pyrolysis and generating useful excess heat. The extruded pyrolysis char has uses including charcoal fuel, soil amendments, and activated charcoal while liquids can be produced for processing into fuels. Excess heat may be used to heat water, steam, and air, may be used in air heating and cooling systems, perform mechanical work with a Stirling engine or generate electricity on the order of 100 kW and higher. The system may be operated in a carbon neutral or even carbon negative manner, allowing sequestration of atmospheric carbon dioxide.

The invention discloses a restoration agent for lowering cadmium / lead effective state content in soil, which is composed of quicklime, calcium sulfate, wood charcoal, iron chloride and water, wherein the weight ratio of the quicklime, calcium sulfate, wood charcoal and iron chloride is (1-2):(1-2):(1-2):(0.5-1), and the water accounts for 30-45 wt% of the soil. The restoration agent can be used for treating heavily polluted soil; and common chemical passivators can only restore lightly polluted soil, and do not have obvious effect on heavy pollution. The restoration agent can be used for treating both acidic soil and neutral soil. The restoration agent has high remediation efficiency for cadmium polluted soil; the reaction mechanisms relate to chemical precipitation and physical adsorption; and when one action fails due to change of the outside conditions, the other action can perform the guarantee function. The restoration agent has certain control actions on the lead effective state content in the polluted soil.

The invention relates to a charcoal-based organic fertilizer and a preparation method thereof. The charcoal-based organic fertilizer has the advantages of low cost, environment friendliness, good fertilizer efficiency, wide application range, high fertilizer efficiency utilization rate and pest prevention. The preparation method comprises the steps as follows: adding starter cultures to chicken manure and soybean meal respectively for fermentation, after drying, crushing and mixing crop-residue-derived carbon, the treated chicken manure and soybean meal with ground phosphate rock, adding wood vinegar to the mixture with stirring, performing granulation, and obtaining the charcoal-based organic fertilizer after cooling and drying.

The invention provides a process for the production of charcoal, fuel gas, and potassium from a biomass gassifier.

The invention discloses a process for integrally heated continuous preparing biomass pyrolysis gasification gas and a rotary furnace utilized by the same. At a furnace tail cooling section, red charcoal at a temperature of 600-800 DEG C after pyrolyzing and destructive distilling reacts with steam generated by cooling spray water on the lower portion in the furnace so as to absorb large quantities of heat and simultaneously generate water gas and semi-water gas. Heat generated by burning recycled gas and air is used for maintaining pyrolysis temperature of biomass material layers and providesenough heat for further, pyrolysis, destructive distillation and steam decomposition reaction. By aid of the heat, biomass inside the furnace is pyrolyzed and destructively distilled to generate large quantities of volatile matters, and the biomass is gradually heated to decompose destructive gas with high heat value. The rotary furnace utilizes a three-section design: a first section is a furnace head preheating section, which is mainly used for preheating and drying raw materials, a second section is a rotary furnace body pyrolysis section, which is mainly used for pyrolysis and destructivedistillation and is a core operation portion of the furnace, and a third section is a furnace tail cooling section, which is mainly used for cooling charcoal. Prepared gas is high in heat value, and devices occupy small space.

The compositely circulating high temperature gasifying process for making synthetic gas with biomass includes the steps of low temperature charring, powdering, high temperature gasifying, separating carbon containing clinker, purifying synthetic gas, and circulating utilization of synthetic gas. Biomass material is first pyrolyzed into pyrolyzed gas and charcoal and the pyrolyzed gas is burnt incompletely in the high temperature gasifying furnace to produce gasifying agent and heat; the charcoal is powdered and fed to the reducing area in the high temperature gasifying furnace to produce reduction reaction with the gasifying agent; and the fly ash and residual carbon produced in the purification are returned to the burning area in the high temperature gasifying furnace. The present invention can produce synthetic gas with CO and H2 content up to 72 %, and has gasifying efficiency of 80-84 % and carbon converting rate over 99 %.

An efficient energy-saving charcoal barbecue grill comprises a base, a supporting basin with an opening in the top end is erected above the base, a lining basin with an opening in the top end is arranged on the upper middle portion in the supporting basin, a flange turned over and bent outwards is arranged at the top end of the lining basin, the top end of the lining basin is hooked and connected to the top end of the supporting basin through the flange turned over and bent outwards, an air inlet cavity is formed by the base, the lining basin and the supporting basin, an inner support is arranged at the position, below the lining basin, in the air inlet cavity, and comprises a support plate arranged in the horizontal direction, a plurality of supporting legs extending downwards are arranged on the edge of the support plate of the inner support, and the bottom ends of the supporting legs are pressed on the supporting basin. An air box with an opening formed in the top end is arranged below the inner support, an air inlet is formed in the lower portion of the air box, a fan is arranged at the air inlet, and an air guide pipe is arranged in the middle of the lining basin in the vertical direction. The efficient energy-saving charcoal barbecue grill is long in service life and high in heat conduction efficiency, saves fuel, and is high in food baking speed, short in time spent in food baking and better in color, aroma and taste of the baked food.

The invention discloses a method for preparing charcoal activated carbon flammable gas biological oil by utilizing crop straws. In the method, a co-production process technique integrated with comprehensive processing of multiple varieties is adopted. The method comprises the following steps: smashing the collected crop straws by a smash machine so as to form straw powder with the particle size of 8-30 meshes; pressing and forming the straw powder material for pyrolysis; and in the process of pyrolysis, preparing straw charcoal and activated carbon on one production line through carbonization and activation processes, and simultaneously, recovering flammable gas and extracting biological oil. By using the method, fixed investment is greatly reduced, economic and social benefits are effectively increased, the problems of stack and incineration of the straws are solved, waste straw resources are further developed and utilized, and the blank in the same industry in China is filled.

The invention provides a soil improvement type straw compound organic fertilizer and a preparation method of the soil improvement type straw compound organic fertilizer. The soil improvement type straw compound organic fertilizer is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 30 to 35 parts of rice straw, 25 to 30 parts of animal excrement, 20 to 25 parts of biological charcoal, 10 to 15 parts of soybean meal, 5 to 10 parts of cassava residue, 5 to 10 parts of diatom ooze, 2 to 2.5 parts of plant ash, 2 to 2.5 parts of turfy soil, 2 to 3 parts of zeolite powder, 3 to 4 parts of a microorganism bacterium agent, 2 to 3 parts of sodium benzoate, 2 to 3 parts of ammonium monohydrogen phosphate, 1 to 2 parts of calcium chloride, 1 to 2 parts of amino acid, 1 to 2 parts of starch, 1 to 2 parts of molasses powder and 1 to 2 parts of humic acid. The soil improvement type straw compound organic fertilizer takes plant wastes as raw materials; the quality of soil can be easily improved and the production cost can also be reduced, so that the physicochemical properties of the soil are improved, and the structure of the soil is comprehensively improved, and furthermore, the soil quality has the effects of softness, air permeability, water retention and fertilizer conservation; the aim of producing an environment-friendly high-quality organic fertilizer through preferably selecting heavy metal capable of being passivated, the biological charcoal capable of improving the fertilizer efficiency of the organic fertilizer, and conversion products of organic wastes including the biological humic acid and the like as composting base materials, and optimizing a composting process.

The invention relates to a method for preparing a propylene catalyst by a propane dehydrogenation process and mainly solves the problem in the high-temperature and charcoal-burning process of the catalyst in the conventional preparation technology that a tin component is easy to reduce and separate out so as to influence the performance of the catalyst. The invention better solves the problem through the technical scheme comprising the following steps of: firstly, introducing the tin component into an aluminum sol by a sol-gel method, and drying and forming the mixture to obtain a tin-containing alumina supporter; secondly, loading a platinum component and other metallic aids by an impregnation method, namely impregnating the tin-containing alumina supporter into aqueous solution of soluble salt of platinum and other metals; and finally, drying, roasting and dechlorinating the product to obtain the platinum-tin catalyst. The method of the invention can be used for industrial preparation of the propylene catalyst by the propane dehydrogenation process.

A portable, collapsible cooking unit and utensil that is easy to use and that can be easily transported, disassembled and assembled and comprises a slotted cooking member with side walls, bottom wall and a rim around the upper periphery of the cooking member with at least one slot in the rim, a bottom housing unit for charcoal or wood pieces that fits beneath the cooking member, a metal frame with hinged legs with an opening large enough for the cooking member and bottom housing unit to be suspended within, and a utensil having connecting means on the posterior side of the utensil which corresponds in size to the slots in the rim of the cooking member. The connecting means on the posterior side of the utensil allows the user to lift the cooking member out of the metal frame by connecting the connecting means of the utensil into the slots in the rim of the cooking member and lifting the cooking member vertically out of the metal frame. The portable, collapsible cooking unit and utensil allows the user to quickly and easily manipulate the cooking member with the same utensil that is used for cooking thereby limiting the amount of utensils that are needed. The portable, collapsible cooking unit and utensil allows the user to use interchangeable fuel sources and interchangeable cooking members with any type of cooking surface that can be interchanged using the utensil with connecting means.

The invention discloses a charcoal-based microbial soil conditioner. The charcoal-based microbial soil conditioner comprises, by weight, 80-85 parts of charcoal, 10-13 parts of a composite microbial flora and 1-2 parts of an oxidized starch adhesive, and the composite microbial flora comprises photosynthetic bacteria, actinomyces, lactic acid bacteria, microzyme, Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus thuringiensis. The invention also discloses a preparation method of the charcoal-based microbial soil conditioner. The combined effect of charcoal and microbes alleviates soil acidification, reduces the unit weight of soil and increases the permeability and the water content of soil; soil organic matter formation is promoted to improve the validity of mineral elements; and the abundance of microbes at the rhizosphere of crops is cultivated to improve the rhizospheric environment of plants in order to make pathogen microbes difficultly grow and breed, so the insect diseases of crops is reduced, and soil heavy metal pollution is alleviated and restored.

The invention relates to a charcoal based plant cultivation substrate and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of soilless culture. The invention adopts the specific scheme that: after being dried, biomass material is pyrolyzed to form charcoal particles under an anoxic and heating condition, potassium dihydrogen phosphate is used for neutralizing the alkalinity of the charcoal particles and filtering and drying are performed, and after a certain amount of inorganic fertilizer is added, the charcoal particles are fully mixed with inorganic filling material, organic filling material and organic fertilizer, namely the charcoal based plant cultivation substrate is obtained. The invention has the advantages that the physical chemical property is excellent, the nutrients are complete, the fertilizer efficiency is lasting, the moisture adjusting capability is strong, the cost is low, the ecological benefits are high, the suitability is strong, the application range is wide, and the charcoal based plant cultivation substrate is suitable for cultivation of various plants.

The invention discloses an easily implemented lithium pre-insertion novel method for a cathode of a lithium ion super capacitor, wherein, a nonmetal lithium third electrode is led into a novel lithium ion super capacitor system which takes porous charcoal materials, conductive polymers or compounds of the conductive polymers as an anode, lithium insertable metal oxides or charcoal lithium insertion materials as the cathode and organic lithium salt solution as electrolyte, and lithium pre-insertion processing of the cathode with a depth of 5 to 60 percent is performed so as to prevent reduction of the ion concentration of the electrolyte during the charging and discharging process and non-reversible absorption of anions on the anode and improve the charging and discharging characteristics of the capacitor. The essential component of the nonmetal lithium third electrode is lithium-rich compounds with non-reversible lithium-free property; during the preparation process of the porous charcoal material anode or the conductive polymer anode, the lithium-rich compounds of the third electrode are mixed by mass percent of 3 to 50 and can form the lithium ion super capacitor together with the lithium insertable cathode after being prepared into the electrode; during the activation process of the capacitor, lithium pre-insertion of the cathode is realized.

A housing is provided for attracting and eradicating mosquitoes. The interior walls of the housing is painted with a dark color such as black and it is coupled to a water container with an air duct. An electrified conductive grid is mounted at a large front opening of the main housing. A mixture of water and charcoal is placed in the water container. A louver panel is mounted in front of the electrified conductive grid to provide a shield as well as a canopy against rain and sun light. An interior container having a plurality of open top compartment is located in the main housing with various selected organic materials placed in those compartments for creating an environment in the main housing attractive to various types of mosquitoes.

An automatic temperature control device for solid fuel fired food cooker fueled by wood, charcoal, or other solid fuels which is capable of operation with any type of cooker without utilization of different sized blowers and conserves solid fuel usage. The present invention serves to regulate cooking temperature by controlling or optimizing the amount of combustion air reaching the fuel. The present invention also allows an outdoor barbecue grill or smoker of any reasonable size to be retrofitted with the invention in order to allow a chef to cook foods at stable and precise temperatures. The core components of the invention are an air blower to provide combustion air to the burning fuel, an electronic controller to control the amount of air delivered by the air blower via a unique algorithm embedded within the electronic controller, a temperature sensor to sense the temperature inside of the cooker in the vicinity of the cooking food and provide feedback to the electronic controller, and an air tube and air manifold to get or direct the combustion air from the air blower inside the blower box to the burning fuel inside the cooker. Alternative embodiments utilize an automatic damper connected with said electronic controller whereby convection air currents may be precisely controlled.

The invention discloses an arc plasma torch preparing nanometer charcoal fibrous material method, which comprises the following steps: placing untreated leavings of liquefying coal directly in direct current arc plasma torch to carry on heat-treatment; using nitrogen for arc working gas under atmosphere pressure; getting nanometer charcoal fibrous material after 120-175 seconds, wherein there is no need to add in any activators in preparing process. The method is characterized by the following: the craft route is simple; the raw material is the waste of coal hydrogenant liquefaction craft; it's a good way to use coal liquification leavings to prepare high-added value, functional carbon material; the nanometer charcoal fibrous material can be used for accelerating agent, catalyst carrier, lithium ion secondary cell anode material, double-layer capacitor electrode, highly effective active solid, release agent and construction reinforced materials.

A method and process is described for producing negative carbon fuel. In its broadest form, a carbon-containing input is converted to combustible fuels, refinery feedstock, or chemicals and a carbonaceous solid concurrently in separate and substantially uncontaminated form. In an embodiment of the invention, biomass is converted via discrete increasing temperatures under pressure to blendable combustible fuels and a carbonaceous solid. The carbonaceous solid may be reacted to synthesis gas, sold as charcoal product, carbon credits, used for carbon offsets, or sequestered.

A band filling stoping mining method effectively solves the problems in the prior stoping mining of a 'three-low' coal bed, such as the sedimentation and distortion of the earth surface, the low recycling rate of coal and charcoal resources, the existence of safety hazards, etc. The method comprises the following steps: a transporter and a coal mining machine are laid on the working face of the mining area; in the direction perpendicular to the direction of the transporter movement, a timbering device which is composed of a hydraulic bracket of the working face, a side molding board bracket for filling beside the lane and a back molding board bracket for filling beside the lane, and connected with the connecting head of the transporter is arranged; after the brackets are pushed along the working face, paste concrete is injected through a pipeline into a filling mold cavity enclosed by the brackets, so as to form a band-shaped filling wall which is supported between the top plate above the goaf and the bottom plate of the coal bed. By the method, safe and convenient mining operation is ensured; the recycling rate for coal and charcoal is increased; meanwhile, the sedimentation and distortion of the overlying strata of the coal bed and the earth surface can be controlled in a very small range of deformation permitted by a building, thereby minimizing the amount of gentle sedimentation of the earth surface, and protecting buildings and attachments on the earth surface.

The invention provides a sludge or organic garbage high-low temperature coupling themolysis method which is characterized in that: the method comprises the following steps: step I: the sludge or organic garbage is fed in a low temperature drying depolymerizing furnace; material with partial carbonization is used as raw material of soil organic fertilizer; step II: the material with partial carbonization, generated in pyrolysis, is fed into a middle temperature carbonizing furnace for carrying out carbonization; the obtained bio-organic carbon is used as raw material of soil organic fertilizer or soil conditioner; step III: the material with partial carbonization, bio-organic carbon and one or more than two mixtures of the sludge, straws or organic garbage are fed in a high-temperature pyrolysis furnace for gasification; step IV: fixed carbon remained in a high-temperature depolymerizing furnace after aerogenesis is fed in a high-temperature sub-fusion activated device, and then oxygen-enriched air enters in, and then liquid in a regulating solution storage tank is prayed in for regulation, and then, compound charcoal is obtained after being cooled. The method has high efficiency, simple steps and diversified products.

A charcoal / charcoal composite material SiC / ZrB2-SiC / SiC coating and a preparation method thereof. The charcoal / charcoal composite material SiC / ZrB2-SiC / SiC coating comprises an internal coating of 20-50 mum, an outer coating of 30-80 mum and an intermediate coating of 50-80 mum. An embedding method is employed to prepare a SiC internal coating, so as to reduce thermal stress of an intermediate coating ZrB2-Si and a C / C composite material. An ultrasonic plasma spraying is employed to prepare a ZrB2-SiC intermediate coating. ZrB2-SiC provides good performances of high temperature ablation, middle and low temperature antioxidation and heat insulation for the C / C composite material. A sedimentation method is employed to prepare a SiC outer coating, so as to effectively heal defects of a coating surface, prevent filtering of oxygen and provide good high temperature oxidation protection for the composite material. Meanwhile, during a middle and low temperature antioxidation process, an antioxidation product B2O3 of ZrB2 can effectively heal defects of a coating and provide good middle temperature oxidation protection for a coating sample.