18365 results about "Organic acid" patented technology

A high integrity liposome comprising at least one stabile lipid and at least one peptide-like therapeutic agent associated with said liposome, adapted for parenteral administration to an animal, including a human, and method according to manufacture and use. Immunizing dosage forms comprising a liposome and an immunogen, wherein said liposome and immunogen are present in an immunization dose. Additionally, a dosage form, including such form particularly adapted to producing an immune response, comprising a salt according to an organic acid derivative of a sterol and an immunogen wherein said organic acid derivative of a sterol and immunogen are present in an immunization dose, and method according to use is disclosed. Further, a dosage form, including such form particularly adapted to producing an immune response, comprising dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC)/cholesterol liposomes, optionally in an aluminum hydroxide gel, and an immunogen wherein said DMPC/cholesterol and immunogen are present in an immunization dose, and method according to use.

A method is disclosed for the recovery of an organic acid from a dilute salt solution in which the cation of the salt forms an insoluble carbonate salt. An amine and CO₂ are introduced to the solution to form the insoluble carbonate salt and a complex between the acid and the amine. The acid/amine complex is thermally dissociated, or “cracked”, in the presence of a water immiscible solvent in which the amine is selectively soluble and in which the acid is not appreciably soluble. The organic acid may then be recovered from the water by any suitable means such as distillation, reactive distillation, extraction, or reactive extraction.

An apparatus for detecting chemical substances which is high in sensitivity and selectivity is provided.

An organic acid or an organic acid salt is used to generate an organic acid gas from an organic acid gas generator 3 to be mixed with a sample gas for introduction into an ion source 4 for ionization, thereby obtaining a mass spectrum by a mass analysis region 5. A data processor 6 determines the detection or non-detection of a specific m/z of an organic acid adduct ion obtained by adding a molecule generated from the organic acid to a molecule with specific m/z generated from a target chemical substance to be detected based on the obtained mass spectrum. When there is an ion peak with the m/z of the organic acid adduct ion, the presence of the target chemical substance to be detected is determined, and an alarm is sounded. False detection can be prevented.

There is provided a substrate processing method capable of increasing an etching rate of a copper member without using a halogen gas. A Cu layer 40 having a smoothened surface 50 is obtained, and then, a processing gas produced by adding a methane gas to a hydrogen gas is introduced into an inner space of a processing chamber 15. Plasma is generated from this processing gas. In the inner space of the processing chamber 15, there exist oxygen radicals 52 generated when an oxide layer 42 is etched, and carbon radicals 53 generated from methane. The oxygen radicals 52 and the carbon radicals 53 are compounded to generate an organic acid, and the organic acid makes a reaction with copper atoms of the Cu layer 40. As a result, a complex of the organic acid having the copper atoms is generated, and the generated organic acid complex is vaporized.

A process to produce terephthalic acid is provided, the process including the steps of: providing a feed stream comprising a dialkyl substituted aromatic and in an organic acid solvent: contacting the feed stream with an oxidant, the oxidant containing at least 50% by volume oxygen and at an oxygen partial pressure of at least 1 psia, at a temperature between about 80 DEG C. and about 130 DEG C., in the presence of a catalyst system comprising zirconium and cobalt, wherein the contacting is done in a stirred tank reactor; removing from the stirred tank reactor a vapor stream comprising the organic acid, water vapor and unreacted oxidant; condensing at least a portion of the organic acid and water from the vapor stream; separating at least a portion of the water from the organic acid back to the stirred tank reactor; returning at least a portion of the condensed organic acid back to the stirred tank reactor; continuously recovering from the stirred tank reactor a product comprising a diacid substituted aromatic; isolating solid crystals of diacid substituted aromatic from the reactor product; and recovering from the solid crystals a diacid substituted aromatic having a purity of preferably at least 97% by weight.

In a biosensor for measuring a specific substance in a liquid sample, one or a combination of sugar alcohol, metallic salt, organic acid or organic acid salt which has at least one carboxyl group in a molecule, and organic acid or organic acid salt which has at least one carboxyl group and one amino group in a molecule, is included in a reagent layer provided on electrodes, thereby providing a highly-accurate biosensor which is excellent in stability and has high response (sensitivity, linearity) of the sensor to the substrate concentration.

A composition for removal of chemical residues from metal or dielectric surfaces or for chemical mechanical polishing of a copper or aluminum surface is an aqueous solution with a pH between about 3.5 and about 7. The composition contains a monofunctional, difunctional or trifunctional organic acid and a buffering amount of a quaternary amine, ammonium hydroxide, hydroxylamine, hydroxylamine salt, hydrazine or hydrazine salt base. A method in accordance with the invention for removal of chemical residues from a metal or dielectric surface comprises contacting the metal or dielectric surface with the above composition for a time sufficient to remove the chemical residues. A method in accordance with the invention for chemical mechanical polishing of a copper or aluminum surface comprises applying the above composition to the copper or aluminum surface, and polishing the surface in the presence of the composition.

A system is disclosed for hydrogen generation based on hydrolysis of solid chemical hydrides with the capability of controlled startup and stop characteristics wherein regulation of acid concentration, acid feed rate, or a combination of both control the rate of hydrogen generation. The system comprises a first chamber for storing a solid chemical hydride and a second chamber for storing an acidic reagent. The solid chemical hydride is a solid metal borohydride having the general formula MBH₄, where M is selected from the group consisting of alkali metal cations, alkaline earth metal cations, aluminum cation, zinc cation, and ammonium cation. The acidic reagent may comprise inorganic acids such as the mineral acids hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, and phosphoric acid, and organic acids such as acetic acid, formic acid, maleic acid, citric acid, and tartaric acid, or mixtures thereof.

A method of producing substantially pure HMF, HMF esters and other derivatives from a carbohydrate source by contacting the carbohydrate source with a solid phase catalyst. A carbohydrate starting material is heated in a solvent in a column and continuously flowed through a solid phase catalyst in the presence of an organic acid, or heated with the organic acid and a solid catalyst in solution to form a HMF ester. Heating without organic acid forms HMF. The resulting product is purified by filtration to remove the unreacted starting materials and catalyst. The HMF ester or a mixture of HMF and HMF ester may then be oxidized to 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) by combining the HMF ester with an organic acid, cobalt acetate, manganese acetate and sodium bromide under pressure. Alternatively, the HMF ester may be reduced to form a furan or tetrahydrofuran diol.

A light-sensitive lithographic printing plate comprising a hydrophilic substrate provided thereon with a layer sensitive to infrared light rays comprising (A) a polymer represented by the following general formula (I); (B) an organic acid and/or a cyclic acid anhydride; and (C) a light-heat conversion substance. The light-sensitive lithographic printing plate is excellent in the both printing durability and the developing latitude.

A simple, biocompatible system and procedure for generating nitric oxide (NO) is described. A mixture of powdered sodium nitrite, ascorbic acid, and maleic acid (or another organic acid of adequate strength) immediately generates nitric oxide (NO) on treatment with water. To slow down the NO generation, one may prepare an ointment from a nonaqueous medium (petrolatum, Vaseline™) and the three powdered ingredients, which on being applied topically on the skin will release NO as water permeates through this medium; alternatively, one may convert the aqueous sodium nitrite solution into a gel with hydroxyethylcellulose (or other gel-forming compound) and combine this gel with another gel obtained from aqueous ascorbic and maleic acids with hydroxyethylcellulose for topical application (on intact skin, burns intra-cavity, burns, intra-cavity, etc.). The two gels may be admixed immediately before use (possibly from a single container with separate chambers and dual nozzle, via pushing or squeezing the two gels through the nozzle), or may be applied in sandwich-like fashion (possibly as a transdermal patch) for further slowing down the delivery of NO.

Melt-processable, highly-neutralized ethylene, C3 to C8 alpha,beta ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid copolymers and process for making them. Copolymers are made by incorporating a C4 to less than a C36 aliphatic, mono-functional organic acid and neutralizing greater than 90% to 100% of the acid groups present concurrently with or subsequently to the incorporation of the organic acid.

Chelating ligand precursors for the preparation of olefin metathesis catalysts are disclosed. The resulting catalysts are air stable monomeric species capable of promoting various metathesis reactions efficiently, which can be recovered from the reaction mixture and reused. Internal olefin compounds, specifically beta-substituted styrenes, are used as ligand precursors. Compared to terminal olefin compounds such as unsubstituted styrenes, the beta-substituted styrenes are easier and less costly to prepare, and more stable since they are less prone to spontaneous polymerization. Methods of preparing chelating-carbene metathesis catalysts without the use of CuCl are disclosed. This eliminates the need for CuCl by replacing it with organic acids, mineral acids, mild oxidants or even water, resulting in high yields of Hoveyda-type metathesis catalysts. The invention provides an efficient method for preparing chelating-carbene metathesis catalysts by reacting a suitable ruthenium complex in high concentrations of the ligand precursors followed by crystallization from an organic solvent.

Specific core-shell binders and additives for use in ink-jet printing ink compositions are provided. One class of specific core/shell binders has the general formula [AmBnC'p]x, where A and B are hydrophobic components in which A exhibits a glass transition temperature Tg between about -150° and +25° C. and B exhibits a glass transition temperature greater than 25° C., C' is a component that forms a hydrophilic or water-soluble component in the polymer chain, and has an ionic or non-ionic structure, m<30 wt %, n>40 wt %, and p<30 wt %, with the total of m+n+p=100 wt %, and x=1 to 100,000. The molecular weight (weight average) of the polymer is between about 1,000 and 2,000,000. The polymers useful in the practice of the invention are prepared by emulsifying the monomers and then conducting a free-radical polymerization in water. The foregoing binder polymer is used in conjunction with additives comprising either (a) amine alcohols having the general formulawhere R1 and R2 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, alkoxy, aryl, and phenoxy, R is alkyl, X is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, aryl, -OH, -COOH, -CHO, and substituted groups or (b) organic acids (water-soluble or water-dispersive), including polymeric acids. Other additives include amines, polyalcohols, polyamines, and polyesters. In the ink compositions of the present invention, the ratio of binder (1) to colorant (pigment) is greater than 1 to 10. The concentration of the additive is within the range of 0.005 to 50 wt %. The general ink formulation comprises: 5 to 50 wt % water-miscible solvent; 0.5 to 10 wt % colorant; 0.005 to 50 wt % additive; and water.

An antimicrobial composition that involves a synergistic mixture in terms of active agents, of a primary antimicrobial agent, such as polyhexamethylene biguanide (PHMB), a secondary antimicrobial agent, and optionally an organic acid against various kinds of microbes is described. Various additional processing aids, such as alcohols and surfactants, may also be incorporated within the mixture. The composition allows one to use a significantly less concentration of individual constituent antimicrobial agents to achieve the same or a better degree of antimicrobial efficacy. The antimicrobial composition can be applied to the surface of almost any kind of substrate material, and can achieve a killing-efficacy of about 3 Log₁₀ reduction in microbes within 30 minutes under ambient conditions.

An antibody-containing solution formulation comprising an organic acid and a surfactant as stabilizers; a method for suppressing the formation of visible insoluble matter and/or insoluble particles due to the presence of metal ions in an antibody-containing solution formulation, which comprises adding an organic acid to the solution; a method for suppressing the formation of visible insoluble matter and/or insoluble particles during shaking and freezing-thawing of an antibody-containing solution, which comprises adding a surfactant to the solution; and a method for stabilizing an antibody-containing solution, which comprises adding an organic acid and a surfactant.

The invention relates to a method for modifying a USY (Ultra-Stable Y) molecular sieve. The method is characterized in that organic acid and an inorganic salt dealuminizing reagent are simultaneously added in a modifying process for organic acid-inorganic salt combined modification, and optimum process conditions, namely optimum concentration, volume ratio, reaction time, reaction temperature and the like, of an organic acid and an inorganic salt solution are determined by virtue of an orthogonal test. Compared with an industrial USY molecular sieve, the USY molecular sieve obtained by adopting the method disclosed by the invention is obviously increased in secondary pore content, can be kept at higher crystallinity and is enhanced in silica-alumina ratio, reduced in lattice constant and suitable for high-medium oil type hydrocracking catalyst carriers.

The invention provides a plant nutrient solution for soilless culture of tomato. The plant nutrient solution is prepared by the following raw materials in part by weight: 2 to 4 parts of potassium nitrate, 3 to 8 parts of calcium nitrate, 1 to 5 parts of magnesium sulfate, 1 to 3 parts of potassium phosphate, 1 to 2 parts of potassium sulphate, 1 to 2 parts of monopotassium phosphate, 0.1 to 0.15 part of Na2-EDTA, 0.05 to 0.1 part of Fe-EDTA, 0.01 to 0.05 part of molybdic acid, 0.01 to 0.03 part of manganese sulfate, 0.3 to 0.5 part of sodium tetraborate, 2 to 4 parts of superphosphate, 0.003 to 0.01 part of zinc sulfate, 0.001 to 0.002 part of copper sulfate, 0.001 to 0.003 part of ammonium nitrate, 1 to 3 parts of urea, 1 to 2 parts of organic acid, 0.5 to 1 part of beta cyclodextrin, 0.05 to 0.1 part of vitamin B, 2 to 4 parts of chitosan, 1 to 2 parts of nicotinamide, 0.5 to 2 parts of amino acid, 0.3 to 0.5 part of diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate, 0.02 to 0.5 part of gibberellin, and 5,000 to 7,000 parts of water. According to experiment, the plant nutrient solution provided by the invention can be used for carrying out soilless culture of tomato, and the tomato has high plant height, thick stem, high cluster and high output.

A smokeless tobacco product is provided. A tobacco product configured for insertion into the mouth of a user of that product comprises a tobacco formulation including a granular tobacco composition enclosed within a water-permeable pouch that has been treated with a substance selected from the group consisting of: an analgesic, a buffer, a coloring, an effervescent, or an organic acid.

Provided is a method of producing FDCA by which high-purity FDCA can be produced in high yield. 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid is produced by: bringing 5-hydroxymethylfurfural into contact with an oxidant in an organic acid solvent in the presence of bromine and a metal catalyst; and allowing 5-hydroxymethylfurfural and the oxidant to react with each other while removing water produced by the reaction.

A catalytic combustion improver of coal for increasing combustion efficiency and decreasing the exhaust of SO2, CO and NOx is composed of the primary raw materials chosen from 17 salts of organic acid, including acetate, oxalate, succinate, etc, the organic compound prepared by reaction between 17 organic acids and ore, metal, metallic oxide, or compound, chloride, etc, and the secondary raw materials chosen from high-caloricity agent, surface coating agent, solvent, assistant, emulsifying disperser, sulfur fixating agent and filler.