1685results about "Hydrogen production" patented technology

The present invention relates, in general, to systems and methods for generating hydrogen from ammonia on-board vehicles, where the produced hydrogen is used as fuel source for an internal combustion engine. The present invention utilizes an electric catalyst unit operating in series with a plate-type heat exchange catalyst unit. The electric catalyst unit is used to initiate an ammonia cracking process on-board during a cold start or low load operating condition of the internal combustion engine, where the ammonia cracking process occurs in the heat exchange catalyst unit once exhaust gas from the internal combustion engine has been heated to a threshold temperature suitable to perform the ammonia cracking process.

The present invention relates to an ammonia decomposition catalyst and a manufacturing method thereof, and more particularly to an ammonia decomposition catalyst containing alumina (Al2O3), cerium (Ce), lanthanum (La), ruthenium (Ru) and potassium (K).

The invention belongs to the technical field of preparation and application of materials, and particularly discloses a method for coating the surface of polyoxometallate with titanium dioxide and application, and the method comprises the following steps: providing polyoxometallate; according to the method, titanium source injection, inert gas purging, reaction gas injection and inert gas re-purging are used as an ALD cycle, multiple cycles are carried out under the same condition, and the titanium dioxide coating layer is deposited on the surface of polyoxometallate. The obtained titanium dioxide coating layer is compact and uniform, the polyoxometallate and the titanium dioxide coating layer cooperate with each other when the titanium dioxide coating layer is applied to the photocatalytic carbon dioxide reduction reaction, the catalytic activity is remarkably improved, and the defects that existing polyoxometallate is poor in stability, prone to agglomeration and the like are overcome in a targeted mode.

The invention belongs to the technical field of catalysts, and discloses an ammonia decomposition hydrogen production catalyst and a preparation method and application thereof. The preparation method of the catalyst for hydrogen production through ammonia decomposition comprises the following steps: in an inert atmosphere, successively carrying out calcination and acid treatment on a carbon carrier to prepare an acid-treated graphitized carbon carrier; adding a ruthenium precursor, a rare earth element precursor and an alkali metal precursor into ethanol, and mixing to prepare a mixed solution; then adding a graphitized carbon carrier into the mixed solution, and mixing; then adding urea and a surfactant, continuously mixing, and standing to obtain a solid precipitate; and finally, carrying out heat treatment on the solid precipitate in a reducing atmosphere. The catalyst takes a highly graphitized carbon material as a carrier, an alkali metal is doped to provide an alkaline environment, and a rare earth metal oxide and Ru form dual-assistant synergistic regulation of an interface, so that low-temperature high-activity ammonia decomposition hydrogen production and long-acting stable operation are realized.

The invention discloses a composite fiber membrane for hydrogen production and oxygen production through light-driven full water decomposition and a preparation method of the composite fiber membrane, and belongs to the technical field of photocatalysis technology and nano material preparation, and the composite fiber membrane shows excellent photothermal conversion performance in the reaction of hydrogen production and oxygen production through light-catalyzed water decomposition and also has efficient water transmission capacity. The stability and the reusability are relatively high. According to the preparation method, a Ti source compound, a Sr source compound, tetraethyl orthosilicate and a spinning solution are used as raw materials for electrostatic spinning, and after pre-oxidation and carbonization treatment at a certain temperature, the SrTiO3 / SiO2 composite carbon fiber membrane is obtained, and Cr2O3 / Rh and CoOOH cocatalysts are supported. The fiber membrane prepared by the invention has the function of photocatalytic water decomposition to produce hydrogen under the irradiation of sunlight, can stably produce hydrogen and oxygen in various water resources, is simple in process and low in cost, and can be widely applied to the fields of energy sources, environmental protection and the like.

A process for the production of carbon monoxide is described. The process involves the electrochemical desorption of carbon dioxide and oxygen from a solution containing a metal bicarbonate and the formation of carbon monoxide from the carbon dioxide. The carbon monoxide produced can be used in a process for the formation of syngas.

Systems and methods for synthesizing ammonia include one or more electrochemical hydrogen pumps to recover excess hydrogen gas from the ammonia synthesis product stream. The systems and methods improve overall yield and efficiency of the ammonia production process by separating and purifying hydrogen gas that otherwise would be lost.

The application discloses a preparation method and application of a ferroelectric full water-splitting photocatalyst. The preparation method comprises the following steps: S1: pretreating a ferroelectric material to obtain a pretreated ferroelectric material; S2: after atomic layer deposition of the pretreated ferroelectric material and a metal organic complex source material, non-active gas I is introduced to perform blowing I, water is introduced, non-active gas II is introduced again to perform blowing II, and the first deposition is completed; and S3: according to the thickness of the ferroelectric full water-splitting photocatalyst, the step S2 is circularly performed to obtain the ferroelectric full water-splitting photocatalyst. The ferroelectric material can efficiently photocatalyze full water splitting through accurate regulation and modification of the surface of the ferroelectric material by the atomic layer deposition technology. The method not only provides an experimental basis for researching the limiting factors of the ferroelectric material in a photocatalytic reaction, but also provides a new idea for constructing an efficient photocatalyst by using efficient charge separation and depolarization electric field of the ferroelectric material.

A system for producing CO and CO2 to achieve an efficient oil recovery operation that minimizes undesirable gaseous emissions is provided. The system includes a portable CO-producing device, a portable CO2-producing device located proximate to the reservoir, and a gas collecting device configured to receive CO and CO2 and selectively distribute a desired ratio of CO and CO2 dynamically based on current reservoir conditions. Producing CO2 proximate to the reservoir comprises reforming carbon-based fuel within oxygen. Electrical energy generated is used to selectively distribute the desired ratio of CO / CO2 to the reservoir with de minimis greenhouse gases produced transmitted into the atmosphere. The system is an energy-efficient arrangement that recycles and reuses by-products and unused products from the process. Greenhouse gas emissions are significantly reduced compared to conventional processes by-products are fully utilized. Hydrogen produced can be used to generate electricity, as can heat generated from other sources within the process.

The invention belongs to the technical field of hydrogen production catalysis, and particularly relates to an ammonia decomposition hydrogen production catalyst and a preparation method thereof. According to the catalyst for hydrogen production through ammonia decomposition, potassium-modified porous aluminum oxide serves as a carrier of the catalyst, ruthenium serves as an active component of the catalyst, and ruthenium is mainly loaded on the surface of the carrier and is of a core-shell structure. The prepared catalyst for hydrogen production through ammonia decomposition has high activity, high stability and high mass transfer performance, the preparation technology is simple, the whole process is environmentally friendly and green, and the catalyst is suitable for large-scale production.

The invention provides the preparation method of the efficient photocatalyst which is simple and convenient, does not contain noble metals or toxic metals and does not need a cocatalyst. In the invention, a strategy for synergistically improving the catalytic performance by regulating and controlling sulfur vacancies and doping copper ions is provided, zinc indium sulfide (ZIS) is selected as a substrate material, the content of sulfur atoms is increased in the synthesis process through a solvothermal method to introduce the vacancies, and Cu (NO) is synchronously added to introduce Cu, so that the catalytic performance is improved. The Cin-VZIS catalyst is successfully prepared (n is a doping proportion relative to Zn). A TEOA aqueous solution is used as a sacrificial agent to carry out photocatalytic hydrogen production reaction, the synergistic effect of the two modification modes can significantly improve the performance of the catalyst, and when the copper doping ratio is 1.5%, the catalytic activity reaches the highest and is 1.799 mmol.g.h, which is 7.5 times of that of an original ZIS catalyst. The prepared catalyst is high in activity and good in stability, and a new way is provided for developing efficient and stable solar hydrogen production materials.

A system and method for producing methanol and synthetic fuels from waste acid gas streams using a plasma reactor is described in this disclosure. An acid gas stream comprising primarily of H2S and CO2 is fed into a plasma reactor. H2S is converted into H2 and sulfur. Simultaneously, CO is formed by the reverse water gas shift reaction. H2 and CO form a syngas stream. The unreacted H2S is captured in a tail gas treatment unit and recycled back to the plasma reactor. A partial CO2 capture unit is placed downstream of the tail gas treatment unit which is primarily used to adjust the ratio of H2 and CO in the syngas stream to 2-3 for methanol production and 2 for fuel production.

The invention discloses the technical field of photocatalysis, and particularly discloses a preparation method of a visible-light response type covalent organic frame-TiO2 composite material, which comprises the following steps: adding TiO2 into a mixed solvent, carrying out ultrasonic dispersion, dropwise adding an H2PtCl6 aqueous solution while stirring, reacting under the irradiation of a mercury lamp, centrifuging, washing and drying to obtain a Pt-TiO2 material; the preparation method comprises the following steps: dispersing a Pt-TiO2 material in an organic solvent, adding 2-hydroxybenzene-1, 3, 5-tricarboxaldehyde and 4, 4 '-(benzo [c] [1, 2, 5] thiadiazole-4, 7-diyl) diphenylamine, carrying out ultrasonic treatment for 3-8 minutes, and then adding acetic acid; after 2-4 times of liquid nitrogen freezing-degassing, sealing, and reacting for 2-5 days at the temperature of 110-130 DEG C; and centrifuging, washing and drying to obtain the covalent organic frame-TiO2 composite material. The novel covalent organic frame-TiO2 composite material prepared by the invention effectively expands the visible light absorption range of TiO2, has strong visible light absorption and strong photocatalytic performance, can efficiently catalyze hydrogen evolution, and has excellent light stability and repeatability in photocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction.

This invention provides a zinc-doped nickel selenide / graphite-phase carbon nitride composite photocatalyst and its preparation method. The method involves adding zinc acetate, nickel chloride hexahydrate, melamine, urea, pyrrole, and polyaniline to deionized water in a mass ratio of (0.5-1.5):(4-6):(4-10):(6-8):(0.125-0.2):(0.25-1) to obtain a mixed solution. The pH of the mixed solution is adjusted to 9-10, and the solution is then mixed thoroughly to obtain a precursor solution. The precipitate obtained after centrifuging the precursor solution is dried to obtain a precursor. The precursor and selenium source are then subjected to a two-stage calcination treatment under an inert atmosphere in a mass ratio of (1-10):(0.2-5). The first stage temperature is 450-600℃, and the second stage temperature is 300-400℃, to obtain the zinc-doped nickel selenide / graphite-phase carbon nitride composite photocatalyst. This invention can effectively increase the number of reactive sites in photocatalysts and expand the migration path of photogenerated carriers, thereby effectively reducing the recombination of photogenerated carriers in photocatalytic materials and fundamentally improving their photocatalytic hydrogen evolution efficiency.

The invention discloses a waste lithium ion battery comprehensive recovery method based on electrochemical driving, and belongs to the technical field of battery resource recovery. The invention relates to a comprehensive recovery method for waste lithium ion batteries based on electrochemical driving, which aims at the problems of low lithium recovery rate, high treatment cost, serious environmental pollution and the like in the traditional wet-process and pyrogenic-process recovery process, and provides a method for inducing lithium to generate electrochemical deposition on an anode / diaphragm interface through a rapid charging process to realize directional enrichment of active lithium and realize comprehensive recovery of the lithium ion batteries. And then through water immersion treatment, efficient separation and recovery of lithium, graphite and the cathode material are realized. The method is simple in process, environment-friendly, low in energy consumption and suitable for selective extraction of lithium in various types of waste lithium ion batteries, and a technical path with a good application prospect is provided for cyclic utilization of lithium resources.

Hydrogen is produced by electrolysis of water using electricity generated from a renewable energy source such as wind and / or solar radiation, compressed in a multistage compression system and consumed in at least one downstream process. Supply of hydrogen to the downstream process(es) fluctuates with demand and / or the availability of the renewable energy source. In order to accommodate such fluctuations, excess hydrogen is stored during periods when production of hydrogen exceeds that required by the downstream process(es) so that, during periods when demand exceeds production, hydrogen is removed from storage and, after suitable pressure reduction, fed to the downstream process(es) via a stage of the multistage compression system.

The invention discloses a cascade energy supply and green hydrogen coupling biomass all-carbon directional conversion synthesis gas system and method, and belongs to the technical field of biomass energy conversion. The system comprises a first-stage gasification furnace, a second-stage gasification furnace, a gas-solid separator, an alkane reforming device, a reverse water-gas shift device and a water electrolysis device. The method comprises the following steps: pyrolyzing a biomass raw material and a catalyst in a primary gasifier (500-700 DEG C) to generate semicoke and tar-containing fuel gas; carrying out catalytic co-gasification on the semicoke and tar-containing fuel gas in a secondary gasifier (800-900 DEG C), and realizing tar cracking and CH4 reforming by using a catalyst to obtain crude synthesis gas; after being subjected to high-temperature dust removal, the crude synthesis gas sequentially passes through a self-heating alkane reforming device (CH4lt; 1%) and a reverse water-gas shift device, and finally synthesis gas with the H2 / CO ratio of 2: 1 is produced, so that the chemical application requirements of methanol, Fischer-Tropsch synthesis and the like are completely met, the high energy consumption bottleneck of a traditional process is broken, and full-life-cycle negative carbon emission is achieved.

A method for fracturing a subsurface rock formation for hydrogen production includes injecting a fluid comprising water into a subsurface rock formation under controlled conditions, generating fractures in the subsurface rock, and recovering hydrogen gas produced by subsurface rock after the generation of the fractures. The fluid is injected at a pressure below the breakdown pressure of the subsurface rock.

The invention discloses application of a piezoelectric-photocatalytic composite material in a spiral-flow type hydrogen production device, and belongs to the technical field of energy environments and materials. The preparation method comprises the following steps: growing a ZnO nanorod array on the surface of a designed porous material in situ through a hydrothermal method, and carrying out annealing treatment to obtain a composite structure with remarkable piezoelectric property; then the composite material is placed in a spiral-flow type hydrogen production device matched with the composite material, the piezoelectric effect of the piezoelectric-photocatalytic composite material can be improved under excitation of a high-speed rotating turbulent flow field, and meanwhile efficient gathering and separation of hydrogen are achieved through a central negative pressure area. Experimental verification shows that ZnO / NF particles show higher hydrogen evolution efficiency and stability under the action of dynamic shear force after the designed piezoelectric-photocatalytic composite material loaded ZnO particles are put into a cyclone. The test verifies that the piezoelectric-photocatalytic composite material prepared by the invention has the optimal hydrogen evolution rate at the rotating speed of 1000rpm.

The invention discloses a carbon-doped carbon nitride nanotube as well as a preparation method and application thereof in photocatalytic reaction, and belongs to the technical field of inorganic photocatalytic nano materials. Comprising the following steps: roasting urea, melamine and 2, 4, 6-triaminopyridine under protective gas; adding the carbon-doped carbon nitride nanotube, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural and chloroplatinic acid hexahydrate into the deionized water; photocatalytic hydrogen evolution is started to cooperate with selective oxidation reaction of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural. The carbon-doped carbon nitride prepared by the preparation method disclosed by the invention is in a nanotube shape; and the catalyst can be effectively applied to solar photocatalytic hydrogen evolution to cooperate with selective oxidation of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural to generate 2, 5-diformyl furan. The invention mainly solves the problems that the value-added reaction cooperated with the hydrogen production process cannot be realized and the overall economic value cannot be improved in the traditional hydrogen production means. The method is an effective, practical and simple method, is suitable for laboratory preparation and industrial production, and has huge development space and application prospect.

The invention relates to the technical field of phase-change materials, and discloses a light-operated composite phase-change material catalyst and a preparation method and application thereof, and a light-operated phase-change composite material is a paraffin-encapsulated metal M / halloysite / sodium alginate composite phase-change material; according to the metal M / halloysite / sodium alginate composite phase change material for packaging the paraffin, halloysite / sodium alginate aerogel loaded by metal M nanoparticles is used as a supporting material, and the paraffin is packaged in the metal M / halloysite / sodium alginate composite phase change material. According to the invention, the metal M / halloysite / sodium alginate composite phase change material for packaging paraffin is prepared by using the halloysite nanotube, the aerogel in the invention has a relatively large paraffin encapsulation amount, the encapsulation efficiency can reach up to 86%, and the phase change material can still maintain good mechanical and chemical stability after multiple heat absorption and release cycles. The melting and solidification of paraffin in the composite phase change material are controlled by turning on and turning off the light source, and the exposure and shielding of active sites are realized, so that the catalytic reaction is accurately started and stopped, and the complete starting and pausing of the reaction are realized.

A process for process for generating power in an ammonia-fueled gas turbine power plant includes flowing an ammonia feed stream to an ammonia cracker reactor in geographical proximity to an ammonia-fueled gas turbine power plant to crack ammonia feed stream under cracking conditions, thereby producing a product effluent comprising ammonia and hydrogen, flowing the product effluent comprising ammonia and hydrogen to an ammonia-fueled gas turbine of an ammonia-fueled gas turbine power plant, and combusting the product effluent comprising ammonia and hydrogen to drive the ammonia-fueled gas turbine. An exhaust gas stream generated from the ammonia-fueled gas turbine is recycled back to supply heat to the ammonia cracker reactor.

The invention relates to the field of catalysts, and provides a cobalt-based catalyst and a preparation method and application thereof. The cobalt-based catalyst is obtained by in-situ activation of spinel structure oxide MaAlbCocO4, Co is an active component, and M is an auxiliary metal including alkaline earth metal or rare earth metal. According to the preparation method of the catalyst, a co-precipitation-roasting-in-situ activation process is adopted, and uniform dispersion and structural stability of the active component Co and the auxiliary metal are achieved. The catalyst shows good low-temperature ammonia decomposition activity at the air speed of 30 Lgcat <-1 > h <-1 >, and the ammonia conversion rate at 600 DEG C reaches 99.3% or above.

The invention discloses a preparation method and application of a CuCo2S4 nanotube cluster / Zn3In2S6 nanosheet composite photocatalyst in the field of photocatalytic materials, the catalyst takes a cobalt sulfide copper nanotube cluster as a substrate, an indium zinc sulfide nanosheet layer is loaded on the surface, and a unique composite structure is formed. The preparation method comprises the following steps: preparing a CuCo nanotube cluster precursor through a hydrothermal method, and further preparing the CuCo2S4 nanotube cluster / Zn3In2S6 nanosheet composite photocatalyst through vulcanization and an oil bath method. The preparation method is simple, raw materials are easy to obtain, conditions are mild, control is easy, and the method is suitable for large-scale production. The prepared catalyst has high specific surface area and good dispersibility, also shows high carrier separation efficiency and strong light absorption performance, and can significantly improve the efficiency of photocatalytic decomposition of water to produce hydrogen and the efficiency of heavy metal removal under visible light.

The invention relates to a lignin-derived carbon aerogel loaded metal nano enzyme and a synthesis method and application thereof, the synthesis method comprises the following steps: adding sodium lignin sulfonate, CoCl2. 6H2O and NiCl2. 6H2O into deionized water, and carrying out ultrasonic dispersion to obtain a lignin-metal solution; uniformly mixing and stirring the lignin-metal-PVA composite precursor solution with a polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution to obtain a lignin-metal-PVA composite precursor solution; carrying out at least three times of freezing-unfreezing circulation treatment on the lignin-metal-PVA composite hydrogel to obtain lignin-metal-PVA composite hydrogel; carrying out freeze drying treatment to remove moisture, so as to obtain a lignin-metal-PVA composite aerogel precursor; and carrying out pyrolysis treatment in a nitrogen environment, and naturally cooling to room temperature. The lignin-derived carbon aerogel loaded Co-Ni bimetallic nano-enzyme prepared by the invention shows excellent catalytic activity, product selectivity and cycle stability in photocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction of high and low concentration CO2 due to bimetallic synergistic catalytic effect, high specific surface area and stable three-dimensional skeleton.

The present invention is directed to a method of generating hydrogen. The method comprises the steps of: combining aluminum or an aluminum alloy with gallium or a gallium eutectic to form a compound; placing the compound in contact with a solution comprising an aliphatic diprotic or triprotic carboxylic acid to corrode the aluminum or aluminum alloy, and generating hydrogen and hydrolyzed aluminum as a byproduct; collecting the generated hydrogen; and recovering the solution for reuse. The present method is an environmentally sound, highly efficient method, which generates useful quantities of hydrogen in a scalable system.

An autothermal ammonia reactor includes a chamber, a hydrogen-separation membrane within the chamber, and an ammonia decomposition catalyst. The chamber receives ammonia and air. The chamber including a combustion zone, a catalytic zone, and a hydrogen zone. The catalytic zone is in thermal communication with the combustion zone. The chamber directs the air and a portion of the ammonia from the fluid inlet to the combustion zone to allow the air and ammonia to exothermically react to generate thermal energy. The chamber directs another portion of the ammonia into the catalytic zone to decompose into hydrogen and nitrogen as the ammonia is exposed to the thermal energy from the combustion zone and contacts the catalyst. The chamber directs the hydrogen from the catalytic zone, through a surface of the hydrogen-separation membrane, to the hydrogen zone to allow the hydrogen to exit the chamber through the fluid outlet.

The application discloses oligomerization degree carbon nitride nanosheet containing partial supramolecular chains and a preparation method and application of photocatalytic decomposition of water to simultaneously produce hydrogen and oxygen, and the preparation method comprises the following steps: adding melamine and cyanuric acid into a solvent, stirring after ultrasonic treatment, and drying to obtain supramolecular precursor powder; and calcining the supramolecular precursor powder to obtain oligomerization degree carbon nitride containing partial supramolecular chains. The application retains partial supramolecular oxygen-containing structures to optimize adsorption and dissociation of oligomerization degree carbon nitride nanosheet and water molecules at a reaction liquid interface, realizes high H and OH enrichment of a local environment, and promotes performance improvement of photocatalytic complete decomposition of water.

The present invention provides a porous carbon catalyst loaded with metal sulfides based on high-sulfur petroleum coke and preparation method therefor and application thereof. The method includes the steps of preparing an in-situ activated precursor from a pre-treated high-sulfur petroleum coke, destabilizing bulk sulfur, conducting an in-situ metal-sulfur bonding reaction, and washing and drying, which achieve the high-value in-situ conversion of sulfur in high-sulfur petroleum coke, resulting in the preparation of a porous carbon catalyst loaded with metal sulfides based on high-sulfur petroleum coke. This catalyst is applied to catalyze magnesium-based hydrogen storage materials. It not only avoids the discharge of sulfur-containing gas or sulfur-containing wastewater in the conventional utilization route of high-sulfur petroleum coke, but also expands the green multi-scenario utilization route of high-sulfur petroleum coke to promote the synergy of pollution reduction and carbon reduction in the petroleum refining industry.

A method of producing hydrogen from ammonia includes exposing ammonia to a rare-earth / NiO / Al2O3 nanocomposite material. The rare-earth / NiO / Al2O3 nanocomposite material catalyzes the decomposition of ammonia into hydrogen. The rare-earth / NiO / Al2O3nanocomposite material is in the form of rare-earth doped NiO nanoparticles distributed on a Al2O3 matrix. The rare-earth doped NiO nanoparticles include a rare-earth dopant selected from the group consisting of La, Ce, Nd, Sm and combinations thereof, at a concentration of 1 to 20 wt. % based on the total weight of the rare-earth / NiO / Al2O3 nanocomposite material. The rare-earth doped NiO nanoparticles are spherical with an average diameter in a range from 1 to 200 nm. The rare-earth / NiO / Al2O3 nanocomposite material achieves a 90% or greater conversion of ammonia to hydrogen, based on the total amount of ammonia, at a temperature less than or equal to 550° C., when used to catalyze the decomposition of ammonia.