1377results about "Gasification processes details" patented technology

Chemical recycling facilities for processing mixed plastic waste are provided herein. Such facilities have the capability of processing mixed plastic waste streams and utilize a variety of recycling facilities, such as, for example, solvolysis facility, a pyrolysis facility, a cracker facility, a partial oxidation gasification facility, an energy generation / energy production facility, and a solidification facility. Streams from one or more of these individual facilities may be used as feed to one or more of the other facilities, thereby maximizing recovery of valuable chemical components and minimizing unusable waste streams.

Chemical recycling facilities for processing mixed plastic waste are provided herein. Such facilities have the capability of processing mixed plastic waste streams and utilize a variety of recycling facilities, such as, for example, solvolysis facility, a pyrolysis facility, a cracker facility, a partial oxidation gasification facility, an energy generation / energy production facility, and a solidification facility. Streams from one or more of these individual facilities may be used as feed to one or more of the other facilities, thereby maximizing recovery of valuable chemical components and minimizing unusable waste streams.

The invention provides a biomass and coal complementary gasification decarburization and hydrogen production method and system.The method comprises the steps that biomass is dried to generate dry biomass, one part of the dry biomass enters a combustor, the other part of the dry biomass and pretreated coal form pyrolysis fuel, and the pyrolysis fuel enters a pyrolysis furnace; the dry biomass and the hot air are combusted in the combustor to generate heat and first flue gas; the heat and the first flue gas are adopted to supply heat to a gasification furnace, coke from a pyrolyzing furnace is gasified, and synthesis gas is generated; second flue gas is discharged after the first flue gas supplies heat to the gasification furnace, the second flue gas supplies heat to the pyrolysis furnace, pyrolysis fuel is pyrolyzed, coke is generated, pyrolysis gas is fed back to the gasification furnace, and the coke is fed back to the pyrolysis furnace; the synthesis gas and the pyrolysis gas form a first mixed gas, tar is removed through tar separation, and a pure mixed gas is generated; and after the pure mixed gas is subjected to water vapor shift reaction and carbon capture, hydrogen with relatively high purity is obtained. According to the invention, carbon-hydrogen component complementation of coal and biomass is realized, the yield of gaseous products is increased, and the overall carbon emission is effectively reduced.

The present invention relates to multi-layered pyrolysis reactor for the heat treatment of a rubber granulate. The multi-layered pyrolysis reactor has a pyrolysis zone and a gasification.

The invention relates to the technical field of smelting, in particular to a preparation method of direct reduction iron. The preparation method of the direct reduced iron comprises the following steps: by taking high-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen-rich synthesis gas generated by gasifying a biomass raw material as reducing gas, reducing pellets containing medium-low-grade iron ores to obtain the direct reduced iron, the high-temperature and high-pressure hydrogen-rich synthesis gas comprises H2 and CO; when the molar fraction of H2 is 50% < = XH2lt; when the content is 65% and the molar fraction of CO is 30%-45%, the reduction reaction temperature is 900-950 DEG C; when the molar fraction of H2 is 65% < = XH2lt; when the molar fraction of CO is 90% and the molar fraction of CO is 5%-30%, the reduction reaction temperature is 850-900 DEG C; when the molar fraction XH2 of H2 is greater than or equal to 90%, the reduction reaction temperature is 800-850 DEG C; the method can realize direct reduction of hydrogen groups of medium-low-grade iron ores, and is low in energy consumption and less in carbon emission.

The invention discloses a pyrolysis device and method with instantaneous high temperature rise and directional regulation and control, and the method comprises the following steps: putting a pyrolysis substance into a pyrolysis reaction vessel, introducing inert gas into a superheated steam inlet, and emptying air in the pyrolysis device; superheated steam is introduced into the superheated steam inlet, and a pressure regulating valve is regulated to enable the pressure in the tubular furnace to reach the required pressure; and collecting and treating the pyrolysis product at the pyrolysis product outlet. According to the method, the boiling point of the added water vapor is regulated and controlled by controlling the pressure of a reaction section according to a Clausius-Claelong equation, sufficient heat is provided for pyrolysis substances at a high-gasification latent heat speed of the water vapor, short-time efficient pyrolysis is realized, and production of by-products in the process is reduced compared with slow heating.

Systems and methods for producing green hydrogen from a source material (e.g., biowaste) are contemplated. The source material is at least partially dehydrated to produce a dried intermediate and recovered water. The dried intermediate is pyrolyzed to produce syngas and a char. The recovered water is electrolyzed to produce oxygen and green hydrogen.

The invention relates to the technical field of garbage treatment, in particular to a garbage low-carbon coupling treatment system and method.The method comprises the following steps that large wet materials and organic waste residues are separated from kitchen garbage, and the large wet materials are dried and put into a garbage incinerator to be combusted to release heat; fermenting the organic waste residues to obtain biogas which is used for burning and heating methanol liquid to generate methanol steam, mixing the methanol steam with water vapor, and performing catalytic hydrogen production to obtain mixed gas; the sludge is dried, a part of the dried sludge is put into a biomass gasifier to be subjected to coupled gasification with biomass waste to generate biomass gas, and the rest of the dried sludge is put into a garbage incinerator to be combusted together; and the mixed gas obtained through catalytic hydrogen production is separated, hydrogen and other combustible gas are obtained, and the biomass gas and the other combustible gas are fed into a garbage incinerator to be combusted together. According to the scheme, kitchen waste, sludge and biomass waste can be subjected to coupling treatment, and hydrogen is prepared.

The invention relates to the field of biomass energy conversion, in particular to a multi-mode intelligent purification system and method for a biomass gasifier, and the system integrates five modules of self-adaptive multi-field coupling tar cracking, multi-dimensional real-time intelligent monitoring, in-situ nano catalyst regeneration, energy cascade recovery and digital twin driving. According to the system, through the synergistic effect of an electric field, ultrasonic waves, catalysis and a temperature gradient, the tar removal efficiency is remarkably improved to 99.5% or above, the content of tar at an outlet is lower than 5 mg / Nm < 3 >, an intelligent monitoring module collects technological parameters in real time, and precise control is ensured; the catalyst regeneration module performs in-situ regeneration on a catalyst based on monitoring data to maintain efficient operation of the system; the energy recovery module utilizes heat energy in a gradient mode and optimizes energy configuration, the digital twin module constructs a system digital model, optimization and predictive maintenance of real-time data driving are achieved, and the system achieves innovation breakthrough of intelligence and energy conservation while improving the biomass gasification purification efficiency.

Ammonia, methanol, Fischer Tropsch products, and derivatives thereof are made by using hydrogen and oxygen supplied from an electrolyzer that is at least partially powered by renewable power, resulting in green process and systems that produce green products disclosed herein. A process using biomass and renewable energy includes producing an unshifted syngas from biomass and oxygen in a gasification unit, introducing water into an electrolyzer to produce an oxygen product and a hydrogen product, and introducing the oxygen product to the gasification unit. The electrolyzer is powered by renewable energy, and the oxygen product supplies at least a portion of the oxygen to the gasification unit.

It has been discovered that recycle content CO2 streams produced in a chemical recycling facility involving waste plastic pyrolysis can be converted into recycle content syngas (r-syngas), which can be used for various applications. More particularly, recycle content CO2 streams generated from a pyrolysis facility, a cracking facility, and / or an ethylene oxide facility may be recovered and converted into r-syngas. Moreover, recycle content methane, produced directly or indirectly from waste plastics, may also be used to produce flue gas streams, which provide additional recycle content CO2 streams to produce additional recycle content syngas. Thus, methods for producing a useful recycle content product (i.e., r-syngas) from conventional waste streams that are typically exhausted (i.e., CO2 streams) are provided herein.

The invention discloses a system and a method for producing sponge iron by coupling a gasification furnace and a gas-based shaft furnace. The system comprises a coal pretreatment device for pretreating received raw material coal; the gasification furnace receives the raw material coal treated by the coal pretreatment device through a conveying device, and synthesis gas is obtained through reaction; the mixer receives furnace top gas generated by the gas-based shaft furnace, mixes the furnace top gas with synthesis gas to obtain mixed gas, and outputs the mixed gas to the dust remover; the high-temperature desulfurization device is used for carrying out desulfurization treatment on the dedusted mixed gas by using a high-temperature desulfurization agent, and the high-temperature decarbonization device is used for carrying out decarbonization treatment on the desulfurized mixed gas and outputting the decarbonized mixed gas to the gas-based shaft furnace; iron ore and / or oxidized pellets are / is arranged in the gas-based shaft furnace, the decarbonized mixed gas is received, and sponge iron is generated through reaction. According to the method, the synthesis gas is cooled by using the furnace top gas, additional cooling equipment is not needed, the cost is reduced, the energy utilization rate is increased, and cleaner and more efficient sponge iron production is realized.

The invention belongs to the technical field of biomass energy power generation, and particularly relates to a decoupling type biomass gasification power generation system and a multi-parameter cooperative control method.The method comprises the steps that 1, biomass raw materials are fed into a vertical multi-section decoupling gasification furnace to be gasified, a gasifying agent and water vapor are introduced into the decoupling gasification furnace, and the biomass raw materials are gasified by adjusting the introduction amount of the gasifying agent and the water vapor; the temperature of a reduction zone is controlled to be 700-900 DEG C; 2) cooling a gasification product of the decoupling gasification furnace through a heat exchanger, performing primary filtration through a filter I, removing moisture through a steam-water condensation separator, pressurizing through a Roots blower, performing secondary filtration through a filter II, and feeding into an internal combustion engine for power generation; and (3) gas exhausted by the internal combustion engine is supercharged by an exhaust turbocharger, compressed by a compressed air generator and sent to the decoupling gasifier as a gasifying agent. The system has the advantages that in-situ high-temperature catalytic cracking of tar, efficient utilization of waste heat and stable operation of the system can be realized, the power generation efficiency is improved, and meanwhile, the equipment cost is reduced.

Process and plant for producing methanol, the process comprising the steps of: a) providing a raw synthesis gas stream; b) water gas shifting at least a portion of the raw synthesis gas stream, thereby producing a shifted synthesis gas; c) preparing a separate hydrogen containing stream and a separate oxygen containing stream by electrolysis of a water feedstock; d) introducing at least a portion of the separate hydrogen containing stream into shifted synthesis gas, thereby producing a methanol synthesis gas; and e) converting the methanol synthesis gas into said methanol.

The invention belongs to the technical field of biomass gasification, and particularly relates to a system for preparing green methanol synthesis gas by coupling biomass fluidized bed gasification with green hydrogen, which comprises a biomass gasification unit, the biomass gasification unit is connected with a waste heat recovery and dust removal washing purification unit, the waste heat recovery and dust removal washing purification unit is connected with a partial oxidation unit, and the partial oxidation unit is connected with a secondary oxidation unit. The partial oxidation unit is connected with the decarburization unit, the decarburization unit is connected with the gas mixing storage tank, carbon dioxide separated by the decarburization unit flows back to the biomass gasification unit, and a hydrogen inlet of the gas mixing storage tank is connected with a hydrogen outlet of the electrolyzed water unit through a pipeline. A hydrogen outlet of the electrolyzed water unit is respectively connected with hydrogen inlets of the biomass gasification unit and the partial oxidation unit through pipelines, energy flow in the process is optimized through reasonable allocation of hydrogen, the problem of unreasonable energy and substance circulation in the prior art is solved, and the energy utilization rate of the biomass gasification unit is improved. The yield and the economical efficiency of the green methanol synthesis gas are obviously improved.

The invention provides a polygeneration system and method for coupling wind-solar hydrogen production with CO2 capture and utilization, and relates to the technical field of green energy. The system comprises a renewable energy source driving subsystem used for providing green electric energy and preparing green hydrogen as an energy carrier and a synthetic raw material to be supplied to a multi-path utilization subsystem; the carbon source conversion and capture subsystem is used for receiving the biomass raw material, generating gasified synthesis gas and biomass charcoal through gasification reaction, and capturing and recycling CO2 in flue gas discharged by the system; the multi-path utilization subsystem is used for receiving H2, the gasified synthesis gas and CO2 and blending reaction components to realize synthesis of green methanol, conventional methanol and green ammonia; closed-loop circulation of carbon resources is formed among the subsystems through continuous conversion, capture and feedback paths of H2, CO2 and biomass charcoal. According to the scheme, efficient synergistic conversion of hydrogen and carbon resources and full-amount utilization of carbon elements can be achieved in regions with limited carbon sources.

The invention discloses an integrated pulverized coal burner. A burner head comprises a cooling water jacket, a cooling water partition plate, a fuel gas nozzle, an ignition oxygen nozzle and a pulverized coal nozzle. The burner body comprises a cooling water outer pipe, a cooling water partition pipe, a cooling water inner pipe, a pulverized coal sleeve, an ignition oxygen sleeve, a fuel gas sleeve, an ignition gun mounting pipe and a flame detection pipe; a fuel gas channel is formed between the ignition gun mounting pipe and the fuel gas sleeve, an ignition oxygen channel is formed between the fuel gas sleeve and the ignition oxygen sleeve, a pulverized coal channel is formed between the ignition oxygen sleeve and the pulverized coal sleeve, and a process oxygen channel is formed between the pulverized coal sleeve and the cooling water inner pipe. A cooling water outlet cavity is formed between the cooling water outer pipe and the cooling water partition pipe, and a cooling water inlet cavity is formed between the cooling water inner pipe and the cooling water partition pipe. Various key functions such as flame detection, an ignition gun, start-up fuel gas, start-up oxygen, process pulverized coal and process oxygen are integrated into single equipment, and the device has the advantages that the cost is saved, and the efficiency is improved.

The invention discloses a biomass supercritical water gasification hydrogen production and fuel cell hydrogen-electricity coupling system which comprises a supercritical water gasification reactor, a material conveying system, a preheating and heat regeneration system, a gas-liquid separation system, a combustion gas combustion system, a hydrogen purification system and a hydrogen fuel cell system. The material conveying system comprises a storage tank, a high-pressure slurry conveying device, a first high-pressure plunger pump and a water tank; the preheating and heat regeneration system comprises a heat regenerator, a preheater and a second high-pressure plunger pump; the gas-liquid separation system comprises a back pressure valve and a gas-liquid separator; the fuel gas combustion system comprises a combustion gas combustion device and a combustion gas storage tank; the hydrogen purification system comprises a hydrogen purification device, a combustion gas storage tank and a hydrogen storage tank. The supercritical water gasification reaction system and the hydrogen fuel cell power generation system are coupled, hydrogen is directly generated and efficiently converted into electric energy, the advantages of being environmentally friendly and clean are achieved, and efficient utilization of biomass resources is achieved.

The invention relates to the technical field of steel sintering processes, in particular to a biomass gasification coupling system for a steel sintering process, which comprises a biomass gasification system, a circular cooler waste heat utilization system and a waste heat power generation system, the biomass gasification system comprises a biomass drying system, a raw material conveying belt system, a biomass gasification furnace, a biomass gas heat insulation combustion chamber, a sintered coke powder preparation system and a biomass gas purification system, and the biomass drying system is used for drying biomass raw materials; and the dried biomass raw materials are conveyed to the biomass gasification furnace through the raw material conveying belt system. According to the coupling system for biomass gasification for the steel sintering process and the control method, biomass serves as zero-carbon energy, and biomass charcoal obtained after biomass gasification can replace part of solid fuel to achieve the carbon reduction effect. Meanwhile, the biomass gasified gas can replace a part of coal gas, and the carbon reduction effect can also be achieved.

The invention belongs to the field of new energy, and particularly relates to a water-cooled grate biomass gasifier and a biomass gasification method. The water-cooled grate biomass gasification furnace comprises a gasification furnace body of a downdraft structure, the gasification furnace body is internally provided with a feeding system, the feeding system comprises a feeding chute, a feeding sealing door and a feeding sealing door, the feeding chute is provided with an anaerobic system pipeline, and a feeding grate is located below the feeding sealing door; the water-cooling fire grate assembly is composed of multi-stage welding type water-cooling fire grate segments, and a cooling water cavity is formed in the water-cooling fire grate assembly. The hearth is divided into a drying layer, a pyrolysis layer, a reduction layer and an oxidation layer in the material moving direction. The gasifying agent supply system comprises a primary air duct, a secondary air duct, a steam injection pipeline I and a water vapor injection pipeline II, wherein pure oxygen is introduced into the primary air duct; the cooling circulation system comprises a circulation pipeline, a circulation water pump and a radiator, wherein the circulation water pump and the radiator are installed on the circulation pipeline. The circulation pipeline is communicated with the water-cooling fire grate assembly to form a closed circulation loop. The device is high in reliability, long in service life, low in emission, easy to control and good in gasification effect.

The present invention provides a biomass gasification control system and a biomass gasification control method, and belongs to the field of biosynthesis, the biomass gasification control system comprises: a first-stage fluidized bed pyrolysis reactor for performing a preliminary pyrolysis reaction on a biomass raw material to obtain a pyrolysis reactant; the second-stage fluidized bed gasification reactor is used for carrying out gasification reaction on the pyrolysis reactant by utilizing various gasification agents to obtain target synthesis gas, including H2 and CO; wherein the multiple gasifying agents comprise oxygen, water vapor and carbon dioxide; the sensor monitoring module is used for monitoring real-time state data in the first-stage fluidized bed pyrolysis reactor and the second-stage fluidized bed gasification reactor; the central control module is used for sending out an adjusting instruction according to the real-time state data, and the adjusting instruction is used for adjusting and controlling the flow of the multiple gasifying agents, the rotating speed of the fan and the reaction temperature, so that the molar ratio of H2 to CO in the generated target synthesis gas is within a first threshold value range.

Methods and systems are provided for the conversion of waste plastics into various useful downstream recycle-content products. More particularly, the present system and method involves pyrolyzing one or more waste plastics into various pyrolysis products, including a carbon solids-containing pyrolysis residue, and then subjecting the pyrolysis residue to partial oxidation gasification to thereby form a syngas composition.

The invention provides a synthesis gas preparation method based on a double-circulation gasifier. The synthesis gas preparation method based on the double-circulation gasification furnace comprises the following steps: S1, feeding a biomass raw material and a gasification agent into the double-circulation gasification furnace for gasification; s2, performing primary separation on the synthesis gas generated by gasification, returning a solid material generated by the primary separation to the double-circulation gasification furnace, and performing secondary separation on the synthesis gas after the primary separation; and S3, returning the solid material generated by the second-stage separation to the double-circulation gasification furnace. According to the preparation method of the synthesis gas, the carbon conversion rate and the gasification efficiency can be effectively improved, the total concentration of carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the synthesis gas is greater than 65%, and the quality of the biomass gasification synthesis gas is greatly improved.

The invention provides a biomass gasification system and a fluidized bed gasification process, the system comprises a fluidized bed gasification furnace, a cyclone separator and a material returning leg, the fluidized bed gasification furnace is provided with a gasification cavity and a gas chamber, and a fluidized bed formed by bed materials is arranged in the gasification cavity. Bed materials are added into the gasification furnace in a spiral feeding and pneumatic conveying combined mode, a fluidized bed is established, biomass particles are added after temperature rise, the pressure in the gasification furnace is kept to be certain, and an auxiliary gasification agent enables the biomass particles to be in a fluidized state. According to the invention, the melting characteristic of biomass ash can be effectively improved, the problem of easy slag bonding during biomass gasification is solved, the gasification temperature is effectively increased, and the methane content in the synthesis gas is reduced. The bed material can catalytically crack tar generated in the biomass gasification process, the quality of synthesis gas is optimized, the synthesis gas is prevented from being bonded and attached to the metal wall of a downstream device, the yield of the synthesis gas and the stability of the device are improved, and the heat exchange efficiency of a downstream waste heat recovery unit is enhanced.

A system comprising a gasifier comprising one or more burners configured to accept a carbonaceous fuel and an oxidant to produce a syngas and a molten slag; a throat configured to accept the syngas and molten slag from the gasifier; and a radiant syngas cooler positioned below the gasifier configured to accept the syngas and molten slag from the throat; wherein the throat comprises an outer wall and one or more fins extending radially inwards from the outer wall.

The present application belongs to the technical field of biomass energy power generation, and particularly relates to a decoupling type biomass gasification power generation system and a multi-parameter collaborative control method, which comprises the following steps: 1) biomass raw materials are fed into a vertical multi-stage decoupling gasification furnace for gasification, a gasification agent and water vapor are introduced into the decoupling gasification furnace, the amount of the gasification agent and water vapor introduced is adjusted, and the temperature in the reduction zone is controlled at 700-900 DEG C; 2) the gasification products of the decoupling gasification furnace are cooled by a heat exchanger, then filtered by a filter I for the first time, water is removed by a steam-water condenser separator, pressurized by a Roots blower, filtered by a filter II for the second time, and then fed into an internal combustion engine for power generation; and 3) the gas discharged from the internal combustion engine is pressurized by an exhaust gas turbocharger, then compressed by a compressed air generator, and then fed into the decoupling gasification furnace as a gasification agent. The present application has the advantages that the present application can realize in-situ high-temperature catalytic cracking of tar, efficient utilization of waste heat, and stable operation of the system, thereby improving the power generation efficiency and reducing the equipment cost.

The invention provides a capacity configuration method and device of a coal chemical coupling new energy methanol preparation system. The capacity configuration method comprises the following steps: determining the yield of green methanol in methanol prepared by the coal chemical coupling new energy methanol preparation system; according to the green methanol yield and the production and operation data of the coal chemical industry methanol preparation system, initial capacity configuration of a new energy power generation system, a waste heat power generation system and a hydrogen production system and an operation control strategy of the coal chemical industry coupling new energy methanol preparation system are determined; the coal chemical coupling new energy methanol preparation system is operated in a simulated mode through the operation control strategy, and a capacity configuration model with the highest overall benefit of the coal chemical coupling new energy methanol preparation system operated in a simulated mode as a target function is established; and calculating and solving the capacity configuration model by taking the initial capacity configuration as an initial value to obtain the optimal capacity configuration of the coal chemical coupling new energy methanol preparation system. According to the invention, the capacity optimization configuration of new energy coupling coal chemical methanol preparation can be realized.

In view to the technical problems of low recovery rate of metal elements in metallurgical slag and the problem of inefficient recovery of residual heat of metallurgical slag generated by traditional technology, the present application provides a technology and method for preparing microporous-rich metallurgical slag particles based on carbon etching and efficiently recovering residual heat of metallurgical slag in coal gasification, mainly including four parts of granulation system, etching powder adhesion system, etching gasification system and screening separation system which are sequentially connected, and mainly through four steps of molten metallurgical slag granulation, etching powder adhesion, etching gasification reaction, screening and separation, the efficient recovery and utilization of residual heat of metallurgical slag and the high value conversion of metallurgical slag particle products are realized. The utilization value of metallurgical slag particles is increased by 10-15 times through the system.

The invention discloses a latent heat integrated solar driven fluidized bed self-adaptive heat management gasification reactor which comprises a fluidized bed gasification reaction cavity, an absorption and storage integrated latent heat integration module and a supporting component. The supporting component comprises a heat insulation top cover, a heat insulation side wall, a supporting floor, a SiC packaging shell and a heat preservation material. The absorption and storage integrated latent heat integration module comprises a composite phase change material, a porous absorber and a condensation radiation absorption surface. The high-thermal-conductivity composite phase-change material is used for storing heat under continuous irradiation of solar radiation, the gasification reaction temperature is maintained in the solar intermittent period, it is guaranteed that the thermal chemical reaction is relatively stable, side reactions are reduced, and therefore the quality of synthesis gas is improved. The non-uniform design of the absorption and storage integrated latent heat integration module can effectively improve the internal temperature uniformity of the latent heat integrated solar-driven fluidized bed self-adaptive thermal management gasification reactor, and avoids the influence on the cycle life of an internal assembly due to thermal stress generated by too high temperature difference.

The invention provides a coral reef-shaped bifunctional catalyst for preparing green hydrogen through biomass gasification and synchronously decarbonizing and a preparation method of the coral reef-shaped bifunctional catalyst, and belongs to the field of biomass high-value utilization. The activity and the stability of the catalyst are improved by regulating and controlling the mutual matching of the active phase and the carrier through the falling position of the active metal; the coral reef-shaped bifunctional catalyst is directionally constructed, and a confinement environment required by bond breaking and CO2 conversion is provided by utilizing the unique spatial configuration of the carrier. The catalyst utilizes a green hydrogen production active center to directionally break bonds in a thermochemical conversion process, so that the content of green hydrogen in synthesis gas is increased; cO2 in the synthesis gas is absorbed and converted by using a decarburization active center, and the content of CO2 at an outlet of the reactor is reduced. The bifunctional catalyst prepared by the invention has relatively high activity and cycling stability, two reaction processes (bond breaking, decarbonylation and water gas shift reaction) are coupled to realize preparation of high-H2 / CO (3.84) synthesis gas through biomass thermochemical conversion, and the application prospect is wide.