178 results about "Exothermic reaction" patented technology

The invention provides a battery and an electric device. A positive plate comprises a positive active material, and the positive active material is doped and / or coated with a lanthanum element; the surface of the diaphragm is coated with a ceramic coating; the electrolyte comprises a first solvent, a second solvent, a first additive and a second additive; the first solvent comprises a cyclic carbonate compound, the second solvent comprises a chain fluorosulfonamide compound, the first additive comprises mannitol carbonate sulfate, and the second additive comprises succinonitrile; the lanthanum element is doped / coated on the positive active material, so that the release of lattice oxygen at high voltage or high temperature can be effectively inhibited, and the exothermic reaction activity at the thermal runaway initial temperature is reduced; the first additive and the second additive in the electrolyte respectively form a compact CEI film and an SEI film with high thermal stability on the surfaces of the positive electrode and the negative electrode; the diaphragm ceramic coating provides a physical barrier, the thermal shrinkage temperature of the diaphragm is increased, and internal short circuit is prevented.

A reactor for performing a synthesis process for producing a product from at least two reactants, the reactor comprising: a body having a longitudinal axis, an inflow side and an outflow side; an interior; at least two reactant conduits, each connected on the inflow side to at least one distributor channel; at least one product conduit connected on the outflow side to the at least one collection channel; at least one distribution section comprising at least two distributor channels and at least one diverter; at least one mixing section in which at least two distributor channels are connected via a mixing channel and at least two reactants can be combined; at least one reaction channel; at least one collection section comprising at least one collection channel; at least one inflow-side feed conduit for the entry of a heat transfer medium into the interior; the heat transfer medium can flow around at least a part of the length of the at least one reaction channel in the interior, and / or at least one heat exchange channel in which the heat transfer medium can flow is provided, wherein the at least one sub-section is arranged adjacent to the at least one reaction channel, and wherein the at least one heat exchange channel and the at least one reaction channel are separated from each other by a common channel wall, and wherein the at least one reaction channel is a multiple spiral comprising two or more spiral channels, each spiral channel of the multiple helixes is connected via at least one mixing section to at least one distributor channel of each of the at least two reactants, and wherein on the outflow side each spiral channel of the multiple helixes is connected to at least one collecting channel.

The invention discloses a movable heat supply system based on calcium-based thermochemical energy storage. The movable heat supply system comprises a centralized thermochemical energy storage unit and a movable thermochemical energy release unit. Wherein the centralized thermochemical energy storage unit drives a dehydration endothermic reaction of a calcium-based energy carrier through microwave heating, and electric energy is converted into chemical energy to be stored; and the mobile thermochemical energy release unit is used for receiving the energy carrier material with energy storage completed from the centralized thermochemical energy storage unit and transporting the energy carrier material, and driving the hydration exothermic reaction of the calcium-based energy carrier through atomization in a heat using scene, so that chemical energy is converted into heat energy for heat supply. Through the design of centralized energy storage and mobile energy release, centralized consumption of green electricity or valley electricity is achieved, energy is transported to a heat using scene in a mobile mode, green heat supply is achieved through release in a steam mode, and the problem of space-time mismatching of energy is effectively solved.

The thermal chemical heat storage and carbon capture system comprises a coal-fired boiler, a calcination reactor and a carbonation reactor, the calcination reactor extracts high-temperature flue gas from the front wall of a hearth of the coal-fired boiler, the high-temperature flue gas drives CaCO3 in the calcination reactor to be decomposed into CaO and CO2, and heat storage is achieved; the reacted flue gas is pumped back into a tail flue of the coal-fired boiler, and the flue gas flow required by the reaction is controlled through a flow control valve on a pumping pipeline; caO generated by the calcination reaction can enter the carbonation reactor in the heat release stage, a heat release carbonation reaction is carried out, heat is released, CaCO3 obtained after the heat release reaction returns to the calcination reactor through a pipeline to serve as a reaction raw material, and CO2 obtained after the heat release reaction is output to a heat supply system. The integration of heat storage, heat release and carbon capture is realized by utilizing calcium-based material circulation, and the peak regulation capacity and the carbon capture economy of the coal-fired unit are remarkably improved.

The present disclosure relates to a method and system for simulating an external short circuit of a battery cell. The method includes measuring a voltage, a current, and / or a temperature of a first cell upon the first cell being externally short-circuited, generating an external short circuit model that calculates a surface state of charge (SOC) based on the current and / or the temperature, and simulating an external short circuit of a second cell based on information about the first cell, information about the second cell, and / or an external short circuit resistance value applied to the second cell using a preset electrochemical model, a preset exothermic reaction model, a preset computational fluid dynamics model, and / or the external short circuit model.

An autothermal ammonia reactor includes a chamber, a hydrogen-separation membrane within the chamber, and an ammonia decomposition catalyst. The chamber receives ammonia and air. The chamber including a combustion zone, a catalytic zone, and a hydrogen zone. The catalytic zone is in thermal communication with the combustion zone. The chamber directs the air and a portion of the ammonia from the fluid inlet to the combustion zone to allow the air and ammonia to exothermically react to generate thermal energy. The chamber directs another portion of the ammonia into the catalytic zone to decompose into hydrogen and nitrogen as the ammonia is exposed to the thermal energy from the combustion zone and contacts the catalyst. The chamber directs the hydrogen from the catalytic zone, through a surface of the hydrogen-separation membrane, to the hydrogen zone to allow the hydrogen to exit the chamber through the fluid outlet.

Method for connecting a sensor arrangement (20) to a measurement object (2), the method comprising the steps (100) Provide - of a measured object (2), - a sensor arrangement (20) comprising a strain gauge (1) which is at least configured to detect tensile and compressive deformations of a measurement object (2), and an electronic module (19), - a first connecting foil (10a) and a second connecting foil (10b), each containing metallic materials (11, 12) which react exothermically when activated, (200) Placing the first connecting foil (10a) between the strain gauge (1) and the electronic module (19), (300) Activating the metallic materials (11, 12) of the first connecting foil (10a) such that the first connecting foil (10a) heats up in such a way that a metallurgical connection is created between the strain gauge (1) and the electronic module (19), wherein after activating the metallic materials (11, 12) of the first connecting foil (10a) an electronic connection exists between the strain gauge (1) and the electronic module (19), (400) Place the second connecting foil (10b) between the strain gauge (1) and the object being measured (2), and (500) Activating the metallic materials (11, 12) of the second connecting foil (10b) so that the second connecting foil (10b) heats up in such a way that a metallurgical bond is created between the strain gauge (1) and the object being measured (2).

The invention discloses a temperature self-compensation type staggered stacked direct ammonia solid oxide fuel cell stack and a method, and belongs to the technical field of solid oxide fuel cells. The first single-layer battery unit and the second single-layer battery unit with the reverse flow channel layout are alternately stacked and are not overlapped in the vertical projection direction, so that the high-temperature area of the upper-layer unit and the low-temperature area of the lower-layer unit form thermal coupling in the vertical direction, and cold and heat offset is realized by utilizing inherent heat conduction in the galvanic pile; the technical problem that the axial temperature difference is remarkable due to inlet heat absorption / outlet heat release reaction coupling of an existing direct ammonia fuel SOFC is solved, and the temperature gradient in a galvanic pile is remarkably inhibited on the premise that external energy consumption is not needed.

The application discloses a lithium ion battery thermal runaway element flow analysis method and relates to the field of batteries; the method comprises the following steps: firstly, determining the content of each element in the battery component material before the battery loses control; secondly, carrying out a thermal runaway experiment and testing the real-time components and content of the electrolyte spouted in the thermal runaway process; thirdly, after the battery loses control, collecting the gas generated in the thermal runaway process and carrying out qualitative and quantitative analysis by means of gas chromatography to determine the components and content of the gas generated in the thermal runaway process; fourthly, respectively analyzing the physicochemical properties of the residues and the spouted particulate matters after the battery loses control to determine the composition of the compounds and the content of the elements; and fifthly, carrying out element conservation calculation based on Hess law, establishing the chemical reaction equation of the endothermic and exothermic reactions in the thermal runaway process of the lithium ion battery, and obtaining the variation law of the key elements in the thermal runaway reaction process of different inducements to compare and analyze the element flow characteristics in the thermal runaway triggered by different inducements.

This application relates to the field of electrolyte materials technology, and in particular to a method for preparing lithium selenide. The method includes: obtaining a precursor source, the precursor source including lithium nitride and a selenium source, and subjecting the precursor source to multiple calcination treatments to obtain lithium selenide. The present invention uses lithium nitride as a lithium source and a selenium source to undergo a redox reaction to generate lithium selenide and nitrogen gas. This method has a low cost, does not produce carbon impurities in the prepared product, and the prepared lithium selenide can be used directly as a high-purity raw material for solid electrolytes. In addition, the reaction between lithium nitride and selenium has low exothermic reaction, the reaction is easy to control, and the safety is higher, avoiding the problem of low safety caused by high exothermic reaction of elemental selenium and elemental lithium in the prior art.

A polymer composition comprising a moiety A and a moiety B adapted to react with moiety A wherein upon contacting moieties A and B, a first exothermic reaction generates heat that raises the temperature of the composition to a temperature sufficient to cause a second exothermic reaction.

The application provides a calcium method carbon capture and waste heat power generation integrated system and method. The system comprises an absorption reactor, a calcination reactor, a power generation cycle loop, a first heat exchanger and a second heat exchanger. The absorption reactor is used for carbonation exothermic reaction of calcium oxide and carbon dioxide in flue gas. The calcination reactor is used for calcination of generated calcium carbonate, regeneration of calcium oxide and generation of carbon dioxide. The power generation cycle loop comprises a working medium water pipeline and a feed water pump, an expansion generator and a condenser connected thereto. The first heat exchanger is arranged in the absorption reactor and connected to the working medium water pipeline, and is used for absorbing heat released in the carbonation exothermic reaction. The second heat exchanger is in communication with the carbon dioxide flue gas outlet of the calcination reactor, and is connected to the working medium water pipeline and located upstream of the first heat exchanger, and is used for recovering sensible heat of the carbon dioxide flue gas to preheat the working medium. The method utilizes the above system, and heats the working medium by gradient recovery of reaction heat and flue gas sensible heat and drives the expansion generator to generate power.

The utility model discloses a kind of natural gas hydrogen production integrated devices with temperature control, including preparation box, the side of preparation box is fixedly installed with side box one, the inside fixed mounting of side box one has burner, the below of preparation box is fixedly installed with bottom box, the both sides of bottom box front end are respectively arranged with cold gas pipe, the both sides of preparation box inside below are respectively fixedly installed with shower nozzle, one end of cold gas pipe extends into the inside of bottom box and is fixedly connected with shower nozzle by penetrating into the bottom of preparation box, the both sides of preparation box inside top are respectively fixedly installed with temperature sensor. Its realized the ability of cooling according to demand, increased practicality, to solve in the heat release reaction of natural gas hydrogen production, unable to respond to cooling demand quickly, easy to cause reaction deviates from expected path, the problem of poor practicality.

The invention relates to an electrolytic bath liquid supply system and an electrolytic bath liquid supply method using electrolyte for cooling, the characteristic that the solubility of calcium and magnesium ions is reduced along with temperature reduction is utilized, the electrolyte in an electrolyte supply tank is cooled, so that the calcium and magnesium ions are directly crystallized and separated out in the liquid supply tank, and a filtering or chemical treatment device for removing calcium and magnesium does not need to be additionally arranged; meanwhile, after the low-temperature electrolyte is injected into the electrolytic bath, heat released by electrolytic reaction can be directly counteracted, a traditional cooling tower cooling mode is replaced, and energy consumption and maintenance cost of equipment such as a cooling tower and a high-power fan are saved.

The fuel preheater 10 comprises a first mixer 1, which is provided in a fuel supply line L1 connected to a combustion unit 100 that burns fuel comprising ammonia, wherein the fuel supply line L1 supplies ammonia to the first mixer 1, the first mixer 1 being connected to an oxidizer supply line L2 which supplies an oxidizer, and mixing the ammonia flowing in the fuel supply line L1 with the oxidizer from the oxidizer supply line L2 to produce a mixed gas, and a reactor 2, which is provided downstream of the first mixer 1 in the fuel supply line L1, wherein the reactor 2 comprises a catalyst which promotes a reaction of the ammonia and which causes an exothermic reaction, wherein the catalyst causes the exothermic reaction with at least a portion of the ammonia in the mixed gas supplied by the first mixer 1, and the Mixed gas heated.

The invention relates to a cigarette core material for a self-heating cigarette and application of the cigarette core material. The cigarette core material comprises a mixture of a self-heating material and a tobacco base material. The self-heating material comprises an oxidizing agent, a reducing agent and a thermal reaction transfer agent; the oxidizing agent, the reducing agent and the thermal reaction transfer agent are physically separated from one another through a barrier material; the oxidizing agent comprises potassium hydrogen persulfate and potassium permanganate; the reducing agent comprises iron powder and / or aluminum powder; the thermal reaction transfer agent is one or a combination of at least two of calcium chloride, activated carbon, magnesium sulfate or citric acid. According to the cigarette core material for heating the cigarette, a battery and an electronic circuit are completely abandoned, through an innovative physical-chemical spontaneous heating structure and a starting mechanism, a controllable chain type exothermic reaction of the spontaneous heating material in the cigarette core can be triggered only through transient triggering of a conventional fire source (such as a lighter), and therefore the tobacco material is evenly baked to generate smoke.

This invention discloses a method for preparing bio-based furan-acrylonitrile copolymer particles, pre-oxidized particles, and carbonized particles, relating to the field of polymer and carbon materials technology. The invention polymerizes bio-based furan monomers, acrylonitrile monomers, and an initiator under an inert atmosphere to obtain copolymer particles. This copolymerization system significantly enhances the free radical polymerization reactivity of the bio-based furan monomers, promoting their embedding into the polyacrylonitrile molecular chain. The reaction requires no stabilizers or surfactants, is mild, simple, and environmentally friendly, and the resulting particles exhibit good monodispersity and controllable particle size. This invention regulates the cyclization mechanism through copolymerization, partially shifting the free radical reaction pathway to an ionic mechanism, lowering the cyclization energy barrier, suppressing concentrated exothermic reactions, improving pre-oxidation processing performance, and simultaneously enhancing carbon yield and thermal stability. This invention achieves efficient utilization of bio-based furan monomers in the polyacrylonitrile system, providing a new approach for the development of green, high-performance nitrogen-doped carbon particles.

The invention provides a high-strength and high-toughness titanium-aluminum coating and a preparation method and application thereof.The preparation method comprises the following steps that A, first mixed powder and second mixed powder are laid on the surface of a titanium alloy component layer by layer, and a prefabricated titanium-aluminum coating is obtained; the first mixed powder comprises Ti powder and TC4 powder; the second mixed powder comprises Al powder and TC4 powder; and (B) pulse current treatment is conducted on the prefabricated titanium-aluminum coating, and the high-strength and high-toughness titanium-aluminum coating is obtained. According to the method, gradient thermal expansion coefficient matching and interface stress reduction are achieved by arranging the multiple TC4 alloy transition layers, pulse instantaneous energy of pulse current treatment can enable local micro-areas of the coating to be remelted, grain growth is restrained, submicron-order equiaxed crystals are obtained, dislocation slippage is induced by electromagnetic force, residual stress is released, and the thermal expansion coefficient of the coating is reduced. And in addition, the in-situ exothermic reaction promotes mutual diffusion of elements, a metallurgical bonding interface is formed, and the strength and toughness of the coating are improved.

The application discloses a continuous heat exchange device for active dye processing, which comprises a mother heat exchange structure, supports are detachably installed at both ends of the mother heat exchange structure, a son heat exchange structure is detachably embedded in the middle of the mother heat exchange structure, and the son heat exchange structure can be connected with the mother heat exchange structure, and the application relates to the technical field of heat exchange equipment, directly aims at the typical industrial scene that heat-releasing reactions need to remove heat and heat-absorbing reactions need to supplement heat, solves the pain points of heat waste and high external energy consumption of traditional separated heat exchangers, realizes heat complementary utilization of heat-releasing and heat-absorbing, reduces heat transfer loss, has higher heat utilization efficiency, is integrally compactly designed, saves space and installation cost, the mother heat exchange structure and the son heat exchange structure can be independently used, the length of a pipe can be set according to actual requirements, and the number of mother rings and son rings can be additionally increased.

The invention relates to a method for synchronously recovering germanium tetrachloride from a metal-state regenerated germanium raw material through oxychlorination, and belongs to the technical field of germanium extraction metallurgy. The method comprises the following steps: mixing a metal-state regenerated germanium raw material with hydrochloric acid in a chlorination distillation kettle, dropwise adding a hydrogen peroxide solution in sections to react with hydrochloric acid to generate a high-activity chlorine species, and directly oxidizing and chlorinating metal germanium to generate germanium tetrachloride. In the process, the reaction is a strong exothermic reaction, a product is distilled out by using heat released by the reaction, and the reaction temperature is controlled at 82-84 DEG C through a cooling medium. And after the reaction is basically completed, carrying out deep distillation through a heating medium, and finally condensing and collecting to obtain a germanium tetrachloride product. According to the method, a traditional multi-step process is integrated into one step, the process is short, alkali liquor does not need to be added, reaction heat is fully utilized, the energy-saving effect is remarkable, the germanium direct recovery rate is high, and the problems that a traditional method is long in process, high in energy consumption, large in auxiliary material consumption and low in direct recovery rate are effectively solved.

Provided are a portable pneumatic generator and a wearable robot including the same. The portable pneumatic generator includes: a first tank for storing a first reactant; a second tank for storing a second reactant; a reactor for generating a gas by reacting the first reactant with the second reactant; and a reservoir for storing the gas generated by reacting the first reactant with the second reactant and outputting the gas to the outside and storing a residue, wherein the first reactant includes a material used for an exothermic reaction, and the second reactant includes a material used for an endothermic reaction.

An apparatus and methods for sealing a wellbore extending through a rock formation. An implementation of such apparatus comprises a delivery apparatus configured to be conveyed within the wellbore, wherein the delivery apparatus comprises a chamber therein, and a sealing material disposed within the chamber. The sealing material is configured to undergo an exothermic reaction when ignited. The exothermic reaction produces a molten bonding material. The delivery apparatus is configured to direct the molten bonding material into the wellbore such that the molten bonding material contacts the rock formation. The molten bonding material bonds with the rock formation when the molten bonding material solidifies thereby sealing the wellbore.

The invention discloses an ammonia carbamate pyrolysis coupling carbon capture device which comprises a tower body, a discharging pipe, a water inlet pipe and an exhaust pipe. According to the method, the ammonium carbamate powder is directly pyrolyzed by utilizing heat generated by an exothermic reaction of the quick lime and the slaked lime water, and only the reducing agent ammonia gas is allowed to be directly used in a selective catalytic reduction (SCR) denitration process, so that competitive adsorption of carbon dioxide on the surface of a catalyst in an SCR denitration system is reduced, and the efficiency of the SCR denitration system is improved. Meanwhile, the high-temperature condition needed in the traditional urea ammonia preparation process is avoided, and the problem that ammonium carbamate is prone to caking in the low-temperature and high-humidity or severe-temperature-fluctuation environment due to the fact that the temperature is close to or exceeds 25 DEG C in the denitration process is effectively solved. Compared with urea ammonia preparation, the ammonia preparation efficiency is improved by 6%-24.8% and averagely improved by 15.40%, the ammonia preparation energy consumption is reduced by 38.2%-40.6%, and meanwhile, the denitration efficiency of the generated mixed gas entering the flue gas selective catalytic denitration reactor can be improved by 3.5%-4.2%.

The invention relates to the technical field of sintering production, in particular to a method for reducing burn-up of sintered solids, which comprises the following steps: firstly, pre-screening sintered fuels, adding different types of modified substance prefabricated particles into fuels with different particle fractions, and then optimizing the proportion of the modified fuels with different particle fractions according to an iron ore structure. And finally, uniformly mixing the iron ore powder, the flux and the sintering fuel, granulating to form a sintering mixture, distributing the sintering mixture on a sintering trolley, igniting, and carrying out air draft sintering to obtain the finished product sintered ore. The method has the beneficial effects that the problem that the reaction heat release rates of fuels with different particle sizes are not coordinated is solved, the combustion utilization efficiency of sintering fuels is improved, then the fuel consumption of sintering solids is reduced, and the quality of sintered ores is improved.

The heating device includes a flexible housing defining a plurality of heater segments, each heater segment including a first compartment containing a first reactant, a second compartment containing a second reactant, and a frangible seal between the first and second compartments, the first and second reactants configured to undergo an exothermic reaction upon contact with one another.

A system and method for harnessing geothermal energy using fracturing of hot rock. The system has at least a first well and a second well. The method involves introducing an alkali metal downhole in a first well. A solution is also introduced into the first well. The solution produces an exothermic reaction with the alkali metal. The gas and heat fracture the hot rock producing fractures. The fractures fluidly connects the first well to the second well. A solution, such as water, can be pumped through the first well, through the fractures, and into the second well. The hot rock passes geothermal energy to the water which can then be utilized.

The invention relates to a method for trapping precious metals, in particular rhodium, lost due to volatilization from a catalyst to a high-temperature gas stream, including local heating due to a high exothermic reaction, by reacting a high-temperature gas stream containing the volatilized precious metals with a catalyst comprising at least one oxide, the first oxide element is preferably selected from oxides of the formula ABO3, in particular in the form of perovskite or the RP phase thereof / An + 1BnO3n + 1 (n = integer, preferably n = 1, 3). This process is particularly suitable for industrial processes, such as the Ostwald process (manifest as highly exothermic reactions), in which a catalyst containing rhodium (and platinum) is used. In selected cases, these oxides may also act on the decomposition / conversion of unwanted N2O produced in the Ostwald process. Other aspects of the invention relate to the use of said oxides for trapping rhodium, or devices comprising such oxides for use in trapping rhodium.

The invention relates to the cross technical field of waste plastic recovery, clean energy and chemical synthesis, and discloses a methanol co-production preparation system and method based on waste plastic treatment and green hydrogen synergy. The oxygen output end of the reactor main body circulates into the reactor main body to perform oxidation exothermic reaction on the product; the fluid output end of the reactor main body is connected to the input end of the separator, and the gas output end of the separator is connected to the input end of the methanol synthesis tower; the liquid output end of the separator is provided with a branch, and one branch is connected to the fluid input end of the reactor main body after being mixed with waste plastic slurry; the other branch is connected to the fluid input end of the electrolytic bath to form a closed-loop circulation structure of the fluid; the method lays a foundation for efficient clean conversion of waste plastics and low-energy-consumption co-production of green methanol.

A fixed bed reactor based on the principle of thermoelectric to achieve in-situ heat removal and in-situ temperature measurement for strong exothermic reactions involves the field of fixed bed devices for heat reuse of exothermic reactions. Specifically, it relates to the field of fixed bed devices based on the principle of thermoelectric for timely heat removal of strong exothermic reactions, and can also measure and monitor the temperature and heat of exothermic reactions from multiple angles, enhancing the heat transfer of the catalytic bed layer, effectively eliminating or reducing the generation of reaction hotspots, and avoiding catalyst deactivation. The utility model comprises a fixed bed reaction tube, and the top of the fixed bed reaction tube is equipped with an infrared temperature measurement system, a potential detection system, and an electric energy collection system.

The utility model discloses a foot bath barrel with an exothermic reaction tank. The foot bath barrel comprises a barrel body and a supporting plate, an exothermic reaction tank is formed on the inner bottom surface of the barrel body and is used for placing an external heating bag; a supporting plate is mounted on the inner bottom surface of the barrel body, the supporting plate is detachably connected with the barrel body, a water permeable hole is formed in the supporting plate, and the heat release reaction tank can be communicated with the inner hole of the barrel body through the water permeable hole. According to the foot bath barrel with the heat release reaction tank, the problem that water in the foot bath barrel is difficult to heat due to the fact that the first heating area and the second heating area are both isolated from the inner cavity of the foot bath barrel in the prior art is solved.