416 results about "Exothermic reaction" patented technology

The invention relates to the technical field of non-oxide ceramic-based composite materials, in particular to Fe-N-based high-entropy nitride ceramic as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The method comprises the following steps: by taking iron powder as a sintering aid, mixing (Hf < 0.2 > Zr < 0.2 > Ti < 0.2 > Nb < 0.2 > Ta < 0.2 >) N high-entropy powder with the iron powder, and carrying out ball milling treatment to obtain ball-milled powder; and under the oxygen-free condition, the ball-milled powder is subjected to sintering treatment, transformation from the loose ball-milled powder to compact and uniform solid solution ceramic is achieved in the sintering treatment process, and the Fe-N-based high-entropy nitride ceramic is obtained. According to the method, a nitride thermal reduction method sintering process is adopted, energy is provided for densification of the Fe-N-based high-entropy nitride ceramic by utilizing reaction heat release of the (Hf0. 2Zr0. 2Ti0. 2Nb0. 2Ta0. 2) N high-entropy powder and the iron powder, the sintering temperature is reduced, energy is saved, and the defect that densification needs to be carried out under a high-temperature condition in the prior art is overcome.

A method for continuously producing m-xylylenediamine belongs to the technical field of organic synthesis and comprises the following steps: (1) mixing isophthalonitrile, toluene and liquid ammonia according to a mass ratio of 1: (3-5): (13-17) in a nitrogen atmosphere to form a reaction mixture; (2) heating the interior of a reaction bed containing a catalyst to 90-95 DEG C, continuously introducing hydrogen into the reaction bed, introducing the reaction mixture after the pressure intensity of the reaction bed is stable, and carrying out a catalytic hydrogenation reaction to generate a reaction product; and (3) carrying out gas-liquid separation on the reaction product, removing liquid ammonia from the liquid-phase product through an ammonia distillation process, and separating toluene and m-xylylenediamine through a rectification process to obtain m-xylylenediamine. According to the method, isophthalonitrile and hydrogen are used as raw materials, liquid ammonia and methylbenzene are used as reaction solvents, the raw materials and the reaction solvents are heated to 90-95 DEG C under the catalytic action of a catalyst for an exothermic reaction, m-xylylenediamine is generated through the reaction, and the reaction yield is larger than 99%.

Disclosed herein are systems and embodiments for improving energy efficiency of a chemical separations plant through heat integration. Heat integration may provide heating loops between distillation columns and / or integrated electric heating components configured to supply heat to reboilers in the chemical separations plant. Heat integration may use heat from an associated chemical synthesis plant configured to carry out an exothermic reaction (e.g., production of methanol from CO2 and H2). Such integrated process designs allow for the use of “low-grade” heat, thereby improving energy efficiency. Furthermore, such integrated process designs allow for electrification of exemplary chemical separations plants, replacing the use of steam as a heating medium with more energy efficient and carbon-emission neutral, electrical methods.

The invention provides a battery and an electric device. A positive plate comprises a positive active material, and the positive active material is doped and / or coated with a lanthanum element; the surface of the diaphragm is coated with a ceramic coating; the electrolyte comprises a first solvent, a second solvent, a first additive and a second additive; the first solvent comprises a cyclic carbonate compound, the second solvent comprises a chain fluorosulfonamide compound, the first additive comprises mannitol carbonate sulfate, and the second additive comprises succinonitrile; the lanthanum element is doped / coated on the positive active material, so that the release of lattice oxygen at high voltage or high temperature can be effectively inhibited, and the exothermic reaction activity at the thermal runaway initial temperature is reduced; the first additive and the second additive in the electrolyte respectively form a compact CEI film and an SEI film with high thermal stability on the surfaces of the positive electrode and the negative electrode; the diaphragm ceramic coating provides a physical barrier, the thermal shrinkage temperature of the diaphragm is increased, and internal short circuit is prevented.

Gellable fluids may be used in enhanced hydrocarbon recovery operations. Methods to promote gelling of gellable fluids may comprise: introducing a gellable fluid to a subterranean reservoir, the gellable fluid including a gellable starch dispersed in an aqueous fluid; introducing a first salt and a second salt into the subterranean reservoir, the first salt being capable of undergoing an exothermic reaction with the second salt; contacting the first salt with the second salt in the subterranean reservoir under conditions where the first salt and the second salt undergo the exothermic reaction; and heating the gellable fluid with heat produced from the exothermic reaction to form a gelled fluid comprising a gelled starch and having an increased viscosity.

The invention provides a method and a system for performing exothermic reaction by using a tubular reactor. The method comprises the following steps: S1, carrying out an exothermic reaction on a part of a reaction raw material A and a reaction raw material B in tubes of a tubular reactor to obtain a reaction product C; s2, enabling the other part of the reaction raw material A to enter a shell pass of a tubular reactor to perform first heat exchange with the reaction product C; according to the method and the system, the energy consumption required by the exothermic reaction can be greatly reduced, the cost is saved, meanwhile, the heat exchange effect at the blind area of the baffle plate can be improved, the temperature runaway phenomenon in the tube nest is avoided, and the safety and the stability of the exothermic reaction are greatly improved.

A reactor for performing a synthesis process for producing a product from at least two reactants, the reactor comprising: a body having a longitudinal axis, an inflow side and an outflow side; an interior; at least two reactant conduits, each connected on the inflow side to at least one distributor channel; at least one product conduit connected on the outflow side to the at least one collection channel; at least one distribution section comprising at least two distributor channels and at least one diverter; at least one mixing section in which at least two distributor channels are connected via a mixing channel and at least two reactants can be combined; at least one reaction channel; at least one collection section comprising at least one collection channel; at least one inflow-side feed conduit for the entry of a heat transfer medium into the interior; the heat transfer medium can flow around at least a part of the length of the at least one reaction channel in the interior, and / or at least one heat exchange channel in which the heat transfer medium can flow is provided, wherein the at least one sub-section is arranged adjacent to the at least one reaction channel, and wherein the at least one heat exchange channel and the at least one reaction channel are separated from each other by a common channel wall, and wherein the at least one reaction channel is a multiple spiral comprising two or more spiral channels, each spiral channel of the multiple helixes is connected via at least one mixing section to at least one distributor channel of each of the at least two reactants, and wherein on the outflow side each spiral channel of the multiple helixes is connected to at least one collecting channel.

The invention discloses a movable heat supply system based on calcium-based thermochemical energy storage. The movable heat supply system comprises a centralized thermochemical energy storage unit and a movable thermochemical energy release unit. Wherein the centralized thermochemical energy storage unit drives a dehydration endothermic reaction of a calcium-based energy carrier through microwave heating, and electric energy is converted into chemical energy to be stored; and the mobile thermochemical energy release unit is used for receiving the energy carrier material with energy storage completed from the centralized thermochemical energy storage unit and transporting the energy carrier material, and driving the hydration exothermic reaction of the calcium-based energy carrier through atomization in a heat using scene, so that chemical energy is converted into heat energy for heat supply. Through the design of centralized energy storage and mobile energy release, centralized consumption of green electricity or valley electricity is achieved, energy is transported to a heat using scene in a mobile mode, green heat supply is achieved through release in a steam mode, and the problem of space-time mismatching of energy is effectively solved.

The invention discloses a continuous synthesis coordinated temperature control integrated method of fluorobenzene. The method comprises the following steps: carrying out salt-forming exothermic reaction on hydrogen fluoride liquid and aniline liquid in a salt-forming tubular reactor to obtain aniline hydrofluoride; carrying out diazotization exothermic reaction on aniline hydrofluoride and sodium nitrite solid in a diazotization tubular reactor to obtain diazonium salt; performing multi-stage pyrolysis exothermic reaction on the diazonium salt in a multi-stage temperature control tubular reactor to obtain pyrolysis liquid; performing liquid-liquid centrifugal separation on the pyrolysis liquid to continuously obtain a fluorobenzene product; thermal coupling heat exchange channels are respectively arranged among a sodium nitrite solid feeding pipeline, a diazonium salt feeding pipeline, an aniline hydrofluoride feeding pipeline, a diazotization tubular reactor, a hydrogen fluoride liquid feeding pipeline, liquid-liquid centrifugal separation equipment, an aniline liquid feeding pipeline, a salifying tubular reactor and a multi-stage temperature control tubular reactor, so that heat transfer temperature control is realized; according to the invention, continuous synthesis of fluorobenzene and temperature control integrated control are realized, and batch continuous stable production of fluorobenzene is further promoted.

The present invention relates to a solid electrolyte, a preparation method thereof and an application. The solid electrolyte includes a solid electrolyte main body and phase change microcapsules; the phase change microcapsules are dispersed in the solid electrolyte main body; the phase change microcapsules include a thermosensitive phase change shell, a diffusing agent and a poisoning agent, and the diffusing agent and the poisoning agent are located inside the thermosensitive phase change shell. When the battery has an abnormal temperature due to abuse, the thermosensitive phase change shell ruptures, and the poisoning agent and the diffusing agent located inside the thermosensitive phase change shell are released. The poisoning agent reacts with the energetic electrolyte, the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the battery, etc., so that materials such as the energetic electrolyte, the positive electrode and the negative electrode are in a stable state and no longer have reaction activity, or blocks the direct contact or gas crosstalk contact between the energetic electrolyte, the positive electrode and the negative electrode, avoiding problems such as thermal runaway, combustion, explosion, etc. caused by the exothermic reaction of the contact of the energetic components of the battery, and thus can improve the safety performance of the battery.

The thermal chemical heat storage and carbon capture system comprises a coal-fired boiler, a calcination reactor and a carbonation reactor, the calcination reactor extracts high-temperature flue gas from the front wall of a hearth of the coal-fired boiler, the high-temperature flue gas drives CaCO3 in the calcination reactor to be decomposed into CaO and CO2, and heat storage is achieved; the reacted flue gas is pumped back into a tail flue of the coal-fired boiler, and the flue gas flow required by the reaction is controlled through a flow control valve on a pumping pipeline; caO generated by the calcination reaction can enter the carbonation reactor in the heat release stage, a heat release carbonation reaction is carried out, heat is released, CaCO3 obtained after the heat release reaction returns to the calcination reactor through a pipeline to serve as a reaction raw material, and CO2 obtained after the heat release reaction is output to a heat supply system. The integration of heat storage, heat release and carbon capture is realized by utilizing calcium-based material circulation, and the peak regulation capacity and the carbon capture economy of the coal-fired unit are remarkably improved.

A method for heat integration between a chemical synthesis plant that runs an exothermic reaction and (ii) and a partner plant that generates a working fluid such as steam (e.g., runs a power cycle). The present disclosure describes both internal and external heat integration. Internal heat integration may provide heat from the exothermic reaction (e.g., from methanol synthesis) to a reboiler associated with a distillation column of the chemical synthesis plant. External heat integration may use heat from the exothermic reaction to preheat a condensed water stream (which stream is downstream from the turbine and condenser of the power cycle). Such reduces the need for bleed off the turbine to preheat condensed water as part of the power cycle. A bleed off the turbine provides heat to the reboiler associated with the distillation column of the chemical synthesis plant. Heat integration provides overall improved energy use within both plants.

The present disclosure relates to a method and system for simulating an external short circuit of a battery cell. The method includes measuring a voltage, a current, and / or a temperature of a first cell upon the first cell being externally short-circuited, generating an external short circuit model that calculates a surface state of charge (SOC) based on the current and / or the temperature, and simulating an external short circuit of a second cell based on information about the first cell, information about the second cell, and / or an external short circuit resistance value applied to the second cell using a preset electrochemical model, a preset exothermic reaction model, a preset computational fluid dynamics model, and / or the external short circuit model.

According to the heat storage system and the heat storage method, hot water heat storage and thermochemical heat storage of a thermochemical heat storage system are coupled, low-temperature heat is stored through pressurized water heat storage, high-temperature heat is subjected to thermochemical storage through a thermochemical heat storage material, and cascade heat storage is achieved. The invention provides a heat storage system. The heat storage system comprises a pressure-bearing hot water storage tank, a thermal chemical reaction device and a compression device. Wherein the thermochemical reaction device is internally provided with a thermochemical heat storage material, a product generated in a heat storage reaction of the thermochemical heat storage material comprises water, the product is in contact reaction with water to release heat in an exothermic reaction, and a gas inlet and a gas outlet of the thermochemical reaction device are communicated with the pressure-bearing hot water storage tank; and the compression device is arranged on a communicating pipeline between the gas outlet of the thermal chemical reaction device and the pressure-bearing hot water storage tank.

An autothermal ammonia reactor includes a chamber, a hydrogen-separation membrane within the chamber, and an ammonia decomposition catalyst. The chamber receives ammonia and air. The chamber including a combustion zone, a catalytic zone, and a hydrogen zone. The catalytic zone is in thermal communication with the combustion zone. The chamber directs the air and a portion of the ammonia from the fluid inlet to the combustion zone to allow the air and ammonia to exothermically react to generate thermal energy. The chamber directs another portion of the ammonia into the catalytic zone to decompose into hydrogen and nitrogen as the ammonia is exposed to the thermal energy from the combustion zone and contacts the catalyst. The chamber directs the hydrogen from the catalytic zone, through a surface of the hydrogen-separation membrane, to the hydrogen zone to allow the hydrogen to exit the chamber through the fluid outlet.

Described are methods for producing industrial gases (e.g., hydrogen, ammonia, and / or methane) using ferrous iron-containing materials (e.g., olivine) while concurrently sequestering carbon dioxide. The process may involve mixing a ferrous iron-containing material with water and, in some examples, a reaction accelerant. The mixture may be heated to 100-300°C to initiate the oxidation of ferrous cations (Fe2+) to ferric cations (Fe3+) while reducing hydrogen (from water) and / or methane (from water and carbon dioxide, when carbon dioxide is introduced into the ferrous iron-containing mixture). In some examples, carbon dioxide may be added later (after recovering hydrogen) to form carbonates. Specifically, carbon dioxide may be injected at a high pressure (e.g., about 200 bar) post-oxidation to facilitate mineralization, using the exothermic reaction to maintain a favorable temperature. In some examples, metal complexing / chelating reagents are added to bind trace metals such as nickel, copper, cobalt, and platinum group metals for recovery.

The invention discloses a production method of a silicon-carbon negative electrode material, which adopts a production process route that hydrogen is used as carrier gas to charge silane, low-temperature hydrogen is used as carrier gas to charge acetylene for passivation, and high-temperature argon is used as carrier gas to charge acetylene for carbon coating, so that the existence of nitrogen during the existence of high-activity nano silicon is avoided, and an exothermic reaction causing explosion is eliminated; and the ton-level scale of single-furnace capacity is realized, and silicon-carbon negative electrode material products can be safely produced in batches.

Disclosed in the present invention is a zero carbon emission offshore liquefied natural gas production system device. The zero carbon emission offshore liquefied natural gas production system device comprises an offshore liquefied natural gas separation device, a water-electrolytic hydrogen production device, and a CO2 methanation device, wherein the offshore liquefied natural gas separation device comprises an offshore liquefied natural gas storage tank, a first raw material delivery pump, a first condenser, a first cryogenic rectification apparatus, a second raw material delivery pump, a second condenser, a second cryogenic rectification apparatus, a natural gas condensation and drying apparatus, and a natural gas pressurization and liquefaction apparatus; the water-electrolytic hydrogen production device comprises a water storage tank, a water delivery pump, a clean energy power generation apparatus, a water-electrolytic hydrogen production apparatus, and a hydrogen delivery apparatus; and the CO2 methanation device comprises a gas mixer, a heat exchanger, a multistage heat-transfer high-gravity reactor, and a third condenser. Using the multistage heat-transfer high-gravity reactor, the present invention can, on the one hand, solve the problem of heat transfer of the high-gravity device during the highly exothermic reaction, and on the other hand, can effectively reduce carbon deposition on the surface of the catalyst.

The invention discloses an automatic gas generation foam channeling sealing agent as well as a preparation method and application thereof, and relates to the technical field of oil and gas recovery. The self-gas-generating foam channeling sealing agent comprises an agent A and an agent B. The agent A comprises 0-5% of an accelerant, the agent B comprises 5-20% of a gas generating agent, 0.1-1.0% of a foaming agent, 0.05-1.0% of a foam stabilizer and the balance of saline water according to the total mass percentage of the self-gas-generating foam channeling sealing agent, the gas generating agent is an azo organic compound, and the agent A and the agent B independently exist. According to the self-gas-generating foam channeling sealing agent, the azo organic matter serves as the gas generating agent and is nitrogen which is good in stability, high in gas generation rate and difficult to compress at the normal temperature, the thermal decomposition reaction serves as the exothermic reaction, energy increasing and heat increasing of a system are facilitated, the oil displacement efficiency is improved, the decomposition temperature and the gas generation rate of the gas generating agent are adjusted through the variety and the dosage of the accelerant, and the self-gas-generating foam channeling sealing agent is obtained. The method can be widely applied to thermal oil recovery such as steam drive, steam huff and puff and in-situ combustion in thickened oil recovery.

The invention provides an electrolyte, a secondary battery and an electrolyte preparation method, and belongs to the technical field of secondary batteries, and the electrolyte comprises a lithium salt, a solvent and a thermal runaway blocking agent. Wherein the thermal runaway blocking agent comprises an inner core and a shell located on the outer side of the inner core, the inner core comprises a polymer formed by polymerizing a melamine compound, an amino-containing nitrogen-containing compound and an aldehyde compound, and the shell comprises a fluorine-containing flame retardant. According to the electrolyte disclosed by the invention, in the thermal runaway process of the battery, the thermal runaway blocking agent is used for carrying out physical blocking, chemical capture and atmosphere dilution on a chain reactant on the surface of a negative electrode to block a chain exothermic reaction generated by oxygen released by decomposition of the negative electrode and a positive electrode, so that the thermal runaway initial temperature of the battery is effectively increased; the maximum thermal runaway temperature of the battery is reduced, and the thermal safety performance of the battery is remarkably improved.

A process and a plant (100) for production of a process product (15) are proposed, with which it is possible to feed a first reactant stream (11) and a second reactant stream (12) to a reactor (130) and to convert them in the reactor (130) in an exothermic reaction to a crude product (13) containing the process product (15), wherein a chiller system (160, 170) is used to cool (140) the crude product (13) with at least partial condensation or to store (150) the process product (15) that has been formed using at least a portion of the condensed crude product (14) at temperatures below 0°C. A characteristic feature here is that the first (11) and / or second (12) reactant stream is subjected to preliminary cooling (210, 120) using the chiller system (170).

The disclosure relates to a method for producing load-indicating connection components. A connection element (10) and a piezoelectric ultrasonic transducer (20) are provided and interconnected. The method comprises forming a layer structure on the surface (14) of the connection element (10). The layer structure comprises, in this order, proceeding from the surface (14) of the connection element (10): a first solder layer (16); a reactive layer (30); a second solder layer (22); and the piezoelectric ultrasonic transducer (20). The reactive layer (30) is designed for an exothermic reaction by activation with heat, with electromagnetic radiation or with electric current. Subsequently, the piezoelectric ultrasonic transducer (20) is pressed toward the connection element (10) in order to produce a specified contact pressure, and the reactive layer (30) is activated. The disclosure also relates to a load-indicating connection component of this type.

Method for connecting a sensor arrangement (20) to a measurement object (2), the method comprising the steps (100) Provide - of a measured object (2), - a sensor arrangement (20) comprising a strain gauge (1) which is at least configured to detect tensile and compressive deformations of a measurement object (2), and an electronic module (19), - a first connecting foil (10a) and a second connecting foil (10b), each containing metallic materials (11, 12) which react exothermically when activated, (200) Placing the first connecting foil (10a) between the strain gauge (1) and the electronic module (19), (300) Activating the metallic materials (11, 12) of the first connecting foil (10a) such that the first connecting foil (10a) heats up in such a way that a metallurgical connection is created between the strain gauge (1) and the electronic module (19), wherein after activating the metallic materials (11, 12) of the first connecting foil (10a) an electronic connection exists between the strain gauge (1) and the electronic module (19), (400) Place the second connecting foil (10b) between the strain gauge (1) and the object being measured (2), and (500) Activating the metallic materials (11, 12) of the second connecting foil (10b) so that the second connecting foil (10b) heats up in such a way that a metallurgical bond is created between the strain gauge (1) and the object being measured (2).

Disclosed herein are exothermic reaction mixtures that can be used for copper-based thermite reactions. The disclosed exothermic reaction mixtures can be advantageously formulated with synthetically made copper oxide(s), which can improve consistency and stability of thermite reactions. An example exothermic reaction mixture includes an alloy comprising copper and aluminum and a metal oxide comprising Cu2O and CuO. Also disclosed are methods of preparing the exothermic reaction mixture and methods of welding that include the exothermic reaction mixture.

The invention discloses a temperature self-compensation type staggered stacked direct ammonia solid oxide fuel cell stack and a method, and belongs to the technical field of solid oxide fuel cells. The first single-layer battery unit and the second single-layer battery unit with the reverse flow channel layout are alternately stacked and are not overlapped in the vertical projection direction, so that the high-temperature area of the upper-layer unit and the low-temperature area of the lower-layer unit form thermal coupling in the vertical direction, and cold and heat offset is realized by utilizing inherent heat conduction in the galvanic pile; the technical problem that the axial temperature difference is remarkable due to inlet heat absorption / outlet heat release reaction coupling of an existing direct ammonia fuel SOFC is solved, and the temperature gradient in a galvanic pile is remarkably inhibited on the premise that external energy consumption is not needed.

The application discloses a medical waste pyrolysis system and a pyrolysis method based on low-temperature pyrolysis, which comprises a pyrolysis furnace, one end of the pyrolysis furnace is connected with a feeding unit, the other end of the pyrolysis furnace is connected with a slag discharging unit, the front end and the rear end of the pyrolysis furnace are respectively connected with a front distributor and a rear distributor, and the gas outlet of the front distributor and / or the rear distributor is connected with a burner; the burner is connected with the pyrolysis furnace for providing heat; and the burner is connected with a tail gas treatment device through a waste heat boiler. The medical waste is indirectly heated under an oxygen-free or oxygen-deficient working condition, the continuous endothermic and exothermic reactions are utilized, the organic components in the medical waste are subjected to thermal cracking and thermal chemical reactions, the original molecular structure is changed, the medical waste is changed into different phase-state substances, pyrolysis gas and pyrolysis carbon are generated, the continuous pyrolysis treatment of the medical waste is realized, the heat is recycled, and the cost is reduced; and the system has high comprehensive heat energy utilization rate and high waste resource utilization rate.

Process for producing boron hypophosphide B12P2 by self-propagating synthesis, comprising a step of mixing reactants in powder form followed by a step of initiating an exothermic reaction, the exothermic reaction being carried out in a closed chamber.

The application discloses a lithium ion battery thermal runaway element flow analysis method and relates to the field of batteries; the method comprises the following steps: firstly, determining the content of each element in the battery component material before the battery loses control; secondly, carrying out a thermal runaway experiment and testing the real-time components and content of the electrolyte spouted in the thermal runaway process; thirdly, after the battery loses control, collecting the gas generated in the thermal runaway process and carrying out qualitative and quantitative analysis by means of gas chromatography to determine the components and content of the gas generated in the thermal runaway process; fourthly, respectively analyzing the physicochemical properties of the residues and the spouted particulate matters after the battery loses control to determine the composition of the compounds and the content of the elements; and fifthly, carrying out element conservation calculation based on Hess law, establishing the chemical reaction equation of the endothermic and exothermic reactions in the thermal runaway process of the lithium ion battery, and obtaining the variation law of the key elements in the thermal runaway reaction process of different inducements to compare and analyze the element flow characteristics in the thermal runaway triggered by different inducements.