306 results about "Exothermic reaction" patented technology

The invention relates to the technical field of non-oxide ceramic-based composite materials, in particular to Fe-N-based high-entropy nitride ceramic as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The method comprises the following steps: by taking iron powder as a sintering aid, mixing (Hf < 0.2 > Zr < 0.2 > Ti < 0.2 > Nb < 0.2 > Ta < 0.2 >) N high-entropy powder with the iron powder, and carrying out ball milling treatment to obtain ball-milled powder; and under the oxygen-free condition, the ball-milled powder is subjected to sintering treatment, transformation from the loose ball-milled powder to compact and uniform solid solution ceramic is achieved in the sintering treatment process, and the Fe-N-based high-entropy nitride ceramic is obtained. According to the method, a nitride thermal reduction method sintering process is adopted, energy is provided for densification of the Fe-N-based high-entropy nitride ceramic by utilizing reaction heat release of the (Hf0. 2Zr0. 2Ti0. 2Nb0. 2Ta0. 2) N high-entropy powder and the iron powder, the sintering temperature is reduced, energy is saved, and the defect that densification needs to be carried out under a high-temperature condition in the prior art is overcome.

A method for continuously producing m-xylylenediamine belongs to the technical field of organic synthesis and comprises the following steps: (1) mixing isophthalonitrile, toluene and liquid ammonia according to a mass ratio of 1: (3-5): (13-17) in a nitrogen atmosphere to form a reaction mixture; (2) heating the interior of a reaction bed containing a catalyst to 90-95 DEG C, continuously introducing hydrogen into the reaction bed, introducing the reaction mixture after the pressure intensity of the reaction bed is stable, and carrying out a catalytic hydrogenation reaction to generate a reaction product; and (3) carrying out gas-liquid separation on the reaction product, removing liquid ammonia from the liquid-phase product through an ammonia distillation process, and separating toluene and m-xylylenediamine through a rectification process to obtain m-xylylenediamine. According to the method, isophthalonitrile and hydrogen are used as raw materials, liquid ammonia and methylbenzene are used as reaction solvents, the raw materials and the reaction solvents are heated to 90-95 DEG C under the catalytic action of a catalyst for an exothermic reaction, m-xylylenediamine is generated through the reaction, and the reaction yield is larger than 99%.

The invention provides a battery and an electric device. A positive plate comprises a positive active material, and the positive active material is doped and / or coated with a lanthanum element; the surface of the diaphragm is coated with a ceramic coating; the electrolyte comprises a first solvent, a second solvent, a first additive and a second additive; the first solvent comprises a cyclic carbonate compound, the second solvent comprises a chain fluorosulfonamide compound, the first additive comprises mannitol carbonate sulfate, and the second additive comprises succinonitrile; the lanthanum element is doped / coated on the positive active material, so that the release of lattice oxygen at high voltage or high temperature can be effectively inhibited, and the exothermic reaction activity at the thermal runaway initial temperature is reduced; the first additive and the second additive in the electrolyte respectively form a compact CEI film and an SEI film with high thermal stability on the surfaces of the positive electrode and the negative electrode; the diaphragm ceramic coating provides a physical barrier, the thermal shrinkage temperature of the diaphragm is increased, and internal short circuit is prevented.

A reactor for performing a synthesis process for producing a product from at least two reactants, the reactor comprising: a body having a longitudinal axis, an inflow side and an outflow side; an interior; at least two reactant conduits, each connected on the inflow side to at least one distributor channel; at least one product conduit connected on the outflow side to the at least one collection channel; at least one distribution section comprising at least two distributor channels and at least one diverter; at least one mixing section in which at least two distributor channels are connected via a mixing channel and at least two reactants can be combined; at least one reaction channel; at least one collection section comprising at least one collection channel; at least one inflow-side feed conduit for the entry of a heat transfer medium into the interior; the heat transfer medium can flow around at least a part of the length of the at least one reaction channel in the interior, and / or at least one heat exchange channel in which the heat transfer medium can flow is provided, wherein the at least one sub-section is arranged adjacent to the at least one reaction channel, and wherein the at least one heat exchange channel and the at least one reaction channel are separated from each other by a common channel wall, and wherein the at least one reaction channel is a multiple spiral comprising two or more spiral channels, each spiral channel of the multiple helixes is connected via at least one mixing section to at least one distributor channel of each of the at least two reactants, and wherein on the outflow side each spiral channel of the multiple helixes is connected to at least one collecting channel.

The invention discloses a movable heat supply system based on calcium-based thermochemical energy storage. The movable heat supply system comprises a centralized thermochemical energy storage unit and a movable thermochemical energy release unit. Wherein the centralized thermochemical energy storage unit drives a dehydration endothermic reaction of a calcium-based energy carrier through microwave heating, and electric energy is converted into chemical energy to be stored; and the mobile thermochemical energy release unit is used for receiving the energy carrier material with energy storage completed from the centralized thermochemical energy storage unit and transporting the energy carrier material, and driving the hydration exothermic reaction of the calcium-based energy carrier through atomization in a heat using scene, so that chemical energy is converted into heat energy for heat supply. Through the design of centralized energy storage and mobile energy release, centralized consumption of green electricity or valley electricity is achieved, energy is transported to a heat using scene in a mobile mode, green heat supply is achieved through release in a steam mode, and the problem of space-time mismatching of energy is effectively solved.

The thermal chemical heat storage and carbon capture system comprises a coal-fired boiler, a calcination reactor and a carbonation reactor, the calcination reactor extracts high-temperature flue gas from the front wall of a hearth of the coal-fired boiler, the high-temperature flue gas drives CaCO3 in the calcination reactor to be decomposed into CaO and CO2, and heat storage is achieved; the reacted flue gas is pumped back into a tail flue of the coal-fired boiler, and the flue gas flow required by the reaction is controlled through a flow control valve on a pumping pipeline; caO generated by the calcination reaction can enter the carbonation reactor in the heat release stage, a heat release carbonation reaction is carried out, heat is released, CaCO3 obtained after the heat release reaction returns to the calcination reactor through a pipeline to serve as a reaction raw material, and CO2 obtained after the heat release reaction is output to a heat supply system. The integration of heat storage, heat release and carbon capture is realized by utilizing calcium-based material circulation, and the peak regulation capacity and the carbon capture economy of the coal-fired unit are remarkably improved.

A method for heat integration between a chemical synthesis plant that runs an exothermic reaction and (ii) and a partner plant that generates a working fluid such as steam (e.g., runs a power cycle). The present disclosure describes both internal and external heat integration. Internal heat integration may provide heat from the exothermic reaction (e.g., from methanol synthesis) to a reboiler associated with a distillation column of the chemical synthesis plant. External heat integration may use heat from the exothermic reaction to preheat a condensed water stream (which stream is downstream from the turbine and condenser of the power cycle). Such reduces the need for bleed off the turbine to preheat condensed water as part of the power cycle. A bleed off the turbine provides heat to the reboiler associated with the distillation column of the chemical synthesis plant. Heat integration provides overall improved energy use within both plants.

The present disclosure relates to a method and system for simulating an external short circuit of a battery cell. The method includes measuring a voltage, a current, and / or a temperature of a first cell upon the first cell being externally short-circuited, generating an external short circuit model that calculates a surface state of charge (SOC) based on the current and / or the temperature, and simulating an external short circuit of a second cell based on information about the first cell, information about the second cell, and / or an external short circuit resistance value applied to the second cell using a preset electrochemical model, a preset exothermic reaction model, a preset computational fluid dynamics model, and / or the external short circuit model.

An autothermal ammonia reactor includes a chamber, a hydrogen-separation membrane within the chamber, and an ammonia decomposition catalyst. The chamber receives ammonia and air. The chamber including a combustion zone, a catalytic zone, and a hydrogen zone. The catalytic zone is in thermal communication with the combustion zone. The chamber directs the air and a portion of the ammonia from the fluid inlet to the combustion zone to allow the air and ammonia to exothermically react to generate thermal energy. The chamber directs another portion of the ammonia into the catalytic zone to decompose into hydrogen and nitrogen as the ammonia is exposed to the thermal energy from the combustion zone and contacts the catalyst. The chamber directs the hydrogen from the catalytic zone, through a surface of the hydrogen-separation membrane, to the hydrogen zone to allow the hydrogen to exit the chamber through the fluid outlet.

Described are methods for producing industrial gases (e.g., hydrogen, ammonia, and / or methane) using ferrous iron-containing materials (e.g., olivine) while concurrently sequestering carbon dioxide. The process may involve mixing a ferrous iron-containing material with water and, in some examples, a reaction accelerant. The mixture may be heated to 100-300°C to initiate the oxidation of ferrous cations (Fe2+) to ferric cations (Fe3+) while reducing hydrogen (from water) and / or methane (from water and carbon dioxide, when carbon dioxide is introduced into the ferrous iron-containing mixture). In some examples, carbon dioxide may be added later (after recovering hydrogen) to form carbonates. Specifically, carbon dioxide may be injected at a high pressure (e.g., about 200 bar) post-oxidation to facilitate mineralization, using the exothermic reaction to maintain a favorable temperature. In some examples, metal complexing / chelating reagents are added to bind trace metals such as nickel, copper, cobalt, and platinum group metals for recovery.

The invention discloses an automatic gas generation foam channeling sealing agent as well as a preparation method and application thereof, and relates to the technical field of oil and gas recovery. The self-gas-generating foam channeling sealing agent comprises an agent A and an agent B. The agent A comprises 0-5% of an accelerant, the agent B comprises 5-20% of a gas generating agent, 0.1-1.0% of a foaming agent, 0.05-1.0% of a foam stabilizer and the balance of saline water according to the total mass percentage of the self-gas-generating foam channeling sealing agent, the gas generating agent is an azo organic compound, and the agent A and the agent B independently exist. According to the self-gas-generating foam channeling sealing agent, the azo organic matter serves as the gas generating agent and is nitrogen which is good in stability, high in gas generation rate and difficult to compress at the normal temperature, the thermal decomposition reaction serves as the exothermic reaction, energy increasing and heat increasing of a system are facilitated, the oil displacement efficiency is improved, the decomposition temperature and the gas generation rate of the gas generating agent are adjusted through the variety and the dosage of the accelerant, and the self-gas-generating foam channeling sealing agent is obtained. The method can be widely applied to thermal oil recovery such as steam drive, steam huff and puff and in-situ combustion in thickened oil recovery.

The invention provides an electrolyte, a secondary battery and an electrolyte preparation method, and belongs to the technical field of secondary batteries, and the electrolyte comprises a lithium salt, a solvent and a thermal runaway blocking agent. Wherein the thermal runaway blocking agent comprises an inner core and a shell located on the outer side of the inner core, the inner core comprises a polymer formed by polymerizing a melamine compound, an amino-containing nitrogen-containing compound and an aldehyde compound, and the shell comprises a fluorine-containing flame retardant. According to the electrolyte disclosed by the invention, in the thermal runaway process of the battery, the thermal runaway blocking agent is used for carrying out physical blocking, chemical capture and atmosphere dilution on a chain reactant on the surface of a negative electrode to block a chain exothermic reaction generated by oxygen released by decomposition of the negative electrode and a positive electrode, so that the thermal runaway initial temperature of the battery is effectively increased; the maximum thermal runaway temperature of the battery is reduced, and the thermal safety performance of the battery is remarkably improved.

Method for connecting a sensor arrangement (20) to a measurement object (2), the method comprising the steps (100) Provide - of a measured object (2), - a sensor arrangement (20) comprising a strain gauge (1) which is at least configured to detect tensile and compressive deformations of a measurement object (2), and an electronic module (19), - a first connecting foil (10a) and a second connecting foil (10b), each containing metallic materials (11, 12) which react exothermically when activated, (200) Placing the first connecting foil (10a) between the strain gauge (1) and the electronic module (19), (300) Activating the metallic materials (11, 12) of the first connecting foil (10a) such that the first connecting foil (10a) heats up in such a way that a metallurgical connection is created between the strain gauge (1) and the electronic module (19), wherein after activating the metallic materials (11, 12) of the first connecting foil (10a) an electronic connection exists between the strain gauge (1) and the electronic module (19), (400) Place the second connecting foil (10b) between the strain gauge (1) and the object being measured (2), and (500) Activating the metallic materials (11, 12) of the second connecting foil (10b) so that the second connecting foil (10b) heats up in such a way that a metallurgical bond is created between the strain gauge (1) and the object being measured (2).

The invention discloses a temperature self-compensation type staggered stacked direct ammonia solid oxide fuel cell stack and a method, and belongs to the technical field of solid oxide fuel cells. The first single-layer battery unit and the second single-layer battery unit with the reverse flow channel layout are alternately stacked and are not overlapped in the vertical projection direction, so that the high-temperature area of the upper-layer unit and the low-temperature area of the lower-layer unit form thermal coupling in the vertical direction, and cold and heat offset is realized by utilizing inherent heat conduction in the galvanic pile; the technical problem that the axial temperature difference is remarkable due to inlet heat absorption / outlet heat release reaction coupling of an existing direct ammonia fuel SOFC is solved, and the temperature gradient in a galvanic pile is remarkably inhibited on the premise that external energy consumption is not needed.

The application discloses a medical waste pyrolysis system and a pyrolysis method based on low-temperature pyrolysis, which comprises a pyrolysis furnace, one end of the pyrolysis furnace is connected with a feeding unit, the other end of the pyrolysis furnace is connected with a slag discharging unit, the front end and the rear end of the pyrolysis furnace are respectively connected with a front distributor and a rear distributor, and the gas outlet of the front distributor and / or the rear distributor is connected with a burner; the burner is connected with the pyrolysis furnace for providing heat; and the burner is connected with a tail gas treatment device through a waste heat boiler. The medical waste is indirectly heated under an oxygen-free or oxygen-deficient working condition, the continuous endothermic and exothermic reactions are utilized, the organic components in the medical waste are subjected to thermal cracking and thermal chemical reactions, the original molecular structure is changed, the medical waste is changed into different phase-state substances, pyrolysis gas and pyrolysis carbon are generated, the continuous pyrolysis treatment of the medical waste is realized, the heat is recycled, and the cost is reduced; and the system has high comprehensive heat energy utilization rate and high waste resource utilization rate.

Process for producing boron hypophosphide B12P2 by self-propagating synthesis, comprising a step of mixing reactants in powder form followed by a step of initiating an exothermic reaction, the exothermic reaction being carried out in a closed chamber.

The application discloses a lithium ion battery thermal runaway element flow analysis method and relates to the field of batteries; the method comprises the following steps: firstly, determining the content of each element in the battery component material before the battery loses control; secondly, carrying out a thermal runaway experiment and testing the real-time components and content of the electrolyte spouted in the thermal runaway process; thirdly, after the battery loses control, collecting the gas generated in the thermal runaway process and carrying out qualitative and quantitative analysis by means of gas chromatography to determine the components and content of the gas generated in the thermal runaway process; fourthly, respectively analyzing the physicochemical properties of the residues and the spouted particulate matters after the battery loses control to determine the composition of the compounds and the content of the elements; and fifthly, carrying out element conservation calculation based on Hess law, establishing the chemical reaction equation of the endothermic and exothermic reactions in the thermal runaway process of the lithium ion battery, and obtaining the variation law of the key elements in the thermal runaway reaction process of different inducements to compare and analyze the element flow characteristics in the thermal runaway triggered by different inducements.

This application relates to the field of electrolyte materials technology, and in particular to a method for preparing lithium selenide. The method includes: obtaining a precursor source, the precursor source including lithium nitride and a selenium source, and subjecting the precursor source to multiple calcination treatments to obtain lithium selenide. The present invention uses lithium nitride as a lithium source and a selenium source to undergo a redox reaction to generate lithium selenide and nitrogen gas. This method has a low cost, does not produce carbon impurities in the prepared product, and the prepared lithium selenide can be used directly as a high-purity raw material for solid electrolytes. In addition, the reaction between lithium nitride and selenium has low exothermic reaction, the reaction is easy to control, and the safety is higher, avoiding the problem of low safety caused by high exothermic reaction of elemental selenium and elemental lithium in the prior art.

A polymer composition comprising a moiety A and a moiety B adapted to react with moiety A wherein upon contacting moieties A and B, a first exothermic reaction generates heat that raises the temperature of the composition to a temperature sufficient to cause a second exothermic reaction.

The application provides a calcium method carbon capture and waste heat power generation integrated system and method. The system comprises an absorption reactor, a calcination reactor, a power generation cycle loop, a first heat exchanger and a second heat exchanger. The absorption reactor is used for carbonation exothermic reaction of calcium oxide and carbon dioxide in flue gas. The calcination reactor is used for calcination of generated calcium carbonate, regeneration of calcium oxide and generation of carbon dioxide. The power generation cycle loop comprises a working medium water pipeline and a feed water pump, an expansion generator and a condenser connected thereto. The first heat exchanger is arranged in the absorption reactor and connected to the working medium water pipeline, and is used for absorbing heat released in the carbonation exothermic reaction. The second heat exchanger is in communication with the carbon dioxide flue gas outlet of the calcination reactor, and is connected to the working medium water pipeline and located upstream of the first heat exchanger, and is used for recovering sensible heat of the carbon dioxide flue gas to preheat the working medium. The method utilizes the above system, and heats the working medium by gradient recovery of reaction heat and flue gas sensible heat and drives the expansion generator to generate power.

The utility model discloses a kind of natural gas hydrogen production integrated devices with temperature control, including preparation box, the side of preparation box is fixedly installed with side box one, the inside fixed mounting of side box one has burner, the below of preparation box is fixedly installed with bottom box, the both sides of bottom box front end are respectively arranged with cold gas pipe, the both sides of preparation box inside below are respectively fixedly installed with shower nozzle, one end of cold gas pipe extends into the inside of bottom box and is fixedly connected with shower nozzle by penetrating into the bottom of preparation box, the both sides of preparation box inside top are respectively fixedly installed with temperature sensor. Its realized the ability of cooling according to demand, increased practicality, to solve in the heat release reaction of natural gas hydrogen production, unable to respond to cooling demand quickly, easy to cause reaction deviates from expected path, the problem of poor practicality.

The invention relates to an electrolytic bath liquid supply system and an electrolytic bath liquid supply method using electrolyte for cooling, the characteristic that the solubility of calcium and magnesium ions is reduced along with temperature reduction is utilized, the electrolyte in an electrolyte supply tank is cooled, so that the calcium and magnesium ions are directly crystallized and separated out in the liquid supply tank, and a filtering or chemical treatment device for removing calcium and magnesium does not need to be additionally arranged; meanwhile, after the low-temperature electrolyte is injected into the electrolytic bath, heat released by electrolytic reaction can be directly counteracted, a traditional cooling tower cooling mode is replaced, and energy consumption and maintenance cost of equipment such as a cooling tower and a high-power fan are saved.

The invention relates to the technical field of aerosol generation, and discloses an aerosol generation product and a controllable self-heating aerosol generation system.The product comprises a shell, an aerosol forming base material and an inorganic oxidation heating substance, and the aerosol forming base material and the inorganic oxidation heating substance are both located in a cavity in the shell; when the heating device increases the temperature of the inorganic oxidation heating substance through one or more modes of alternating magnetic field, microwave heating and resistance heating to enable the temperature of the inorganic oxidation heating substance to exceed a preset temperature, the inorganic oxidation heating substance and oxygen generate oxidation reaction to generate heat energy; the heat energy generated by the inorganic oxidation heating substance is used for heating the aerosol forming base material to generate aerosol, and meanwhile, the heating power of alternating magnetic field heating, microwave heating, resistance heating and the like can be reduced. Fresh air flow can be introduced into the shell by controlling suction and the like, oxygen supply on the surface of the inorganic oxidation heating substance is increased, then the oxidation exothermic reaction of the inorganic oxidation heating substance is accelerated, and generated heat can be used for heating an aerosol forming base material to generate aerosol. And when the fresh air flow is stopped, the oxidation reaction speed of the inorganic oxidation heating substance is reduced, the temperature is gradually reduced, the aerosol generation is also gradually reduced and even stopped, and the function of stopping after pumping is achieved.

This invention discloses a method for treating waste edible oils. The method includes: providing a hydrogenation catalyst, comprising a support and an active metal oxide coated on its surface; mixing the hydrogenation catalyst with a catalytic slurry and waste edible oil to form a slurry hydrogenation bed; and conducting a hydrogenation reaction in the slurry hydrogenation bed under a reducing atmosphere. The method provided by this invention uses a mixed feed of waste edible oil and catalytic slurry for catalytic hydrogenation, which can obtain a distillate oil-liquid phase product with a continuous carbon number distribution and uniform hydrocarbon content, suitable for use as feed to a fixed-bed hydrogenation unit. It effectively avoids problems such as catalyst sintering and deactivation caused by overheating due to concentrated exothermic reactions in the fixed-bed hydrogenation reaction zone caused by excessively high content of a single component, thus ensuring stable operation of the reaction unit. It directly and simultaneously solves two major problems: the difficulty in stably hydrogenating waste edible oils and the high cost of catalytic slurry hydrogenation, and has good application prospects.

The present invention discloses a self-heating beverage container to heat beverages conveniently. The self-heating beverage container offers a user-friendly, efficient, and economically viable solution for producing single-serve hot beverages on the go. The self-heating beverage container include a paperboard carton or corrugated paperboard sleeving, an insulated container bag housing a bag made from mylar or polypropylene and lined with a reflective foil layer, a packet containing exothermic minerals, and a liquid chamber with a puncture device. The self-heating beverage container upon activation of the puncture device releases water into the insulated container bag, initiating an exothermic reaction that rapidly warms the beverage. The integration of these components ensures optimal heating efficiency and user experience, addressing the shortcomings of prior art and enabling seamless widespread adoption of self-heating beverage containers.

The fuel preheater 10 comprises a first mixer 1, which is provided in a fuel supply line L1 connected to a combustion unit 100 that burns fuel comprising ammonia, wherein the fuel supply line L1 supplies ammonia to the first mixer 1, the first mixer 1 being connected to an oxidizer supply line L2 which supplies an oxidizer, and mixing the ammonia flowing in the fuel supply line L1 with the oxidizer from the oxidizer supply line L2 to produce a mixed gas, and a reactor 2, which is provided downstream of the first mixer 1 in the fuel supply line L1, wherein the reactor 2 comprises a catalyst which promotes a reaction of the ammonia and which causes an exothermic reaction, wherein the catalyst causes the exothermic reaction with at least a portion of the ammonia in the mixed gas supplied by the first mixer 1, and the Mixed gas heated.

The invention relates to a cigarette core material for a self-heating cigarette and application of the cigarette core material. The cigarette core material comprises a mixture of a self-heating material and a tobacco base material. The self-heating material comprises an oxidizing agent, a reducing agent and a thermal reaction transfer agent; the oxidizing agent, the reducing agent and the thermal reaction transfer agent are physically separated from one another through a barrier material; the oxidizing agent comprises potassium hydrogen persulfate and potassium permanganate; the reducing agent comprises iron powder and / or aluminum powder; the thermal reaction transfer agent is one or a combination of at least two of calcium chloride, activated carbon, magnesium sulfate or citric acid. According to the cigarette core material for heating the cigarette, a battery and an electronic circuit are completely abandoned, through an innovative physical-chemical spontaneous heating structure and a starting mechanism, a controllable chain type exothermic reaction of the spontaneous heating material in the cigarette core can be triggered only through transient triggering of a conventional fire source (such as a lighter), and therefore the tobacco material is evenly baked to generate smoke.

This invention relates to the field of monitoring and management of coal-based graphite purification, specifically disclosing a data acquisition, optimization, and analysis system for coal-based graphite purification. This invention achieves adaptive optimization of key process parameters in each stage of coal-based graphite purification, better ensuring production efficiency and product quality. This is achieved by initially setting process parameters for raw material pretreatment and optimizing them based on the particle size distribution after pretreatment; initially setting process parameters for acid leaching and optimizing them based on the acid consumption rate and exothermic reaction temperature; initially setting process parameters for alkali neutralization and optimizing them based on the neutralization rate; initially setting process parameters for washing and dehydration and optimizing them based on the conductivity of the washing liquid and the moisture content of the filter cake; and initially setting process parameters for drying and optimizing them based on the residual moisture content after drying.