The invention belongs to the field of separation and purification of bio-based chemicals, and particularly relates to a method for directionally separating
organic acid in
biomass pyrolytic oil and efficiently purifying levoglucosenone. According to the method,
pyrolysis oil obtained by selective
pyrolysis of
biomass is taken as a
raw material, firstly, a medium-polarity extraction agent is utilized to perform two-
phase step-by-step fractional extraction on the
pyrolysis oil, and a water phase rich in
organic acid and an
oil phase rich in LGO are respectively obtained; and the water phase is sequentially subjected to alkalization, acidification,
filtration and
water washing treatment to obtain an
organic acid solid. And putting the
oil phase into a rectifying
tower, separating under the conditions that the temperature is # imgabs0 # and the vacuum degree is 300-2000Pa, and removing an extracting agent, furans and oligomers, thereby obtaining the high-purity LGO. The pyrolytic oil is subjected to
coupling treatment of two-
phase step-by-step fractional extraction, organic acid extraction and rectification, so that the aim of separating and purifying high-added-value chemicals from the low-value and complex-component pyrolytic oil is fulfilled.