4471 results about "Isomerization" patented technology

The invention relates to a process for producing a hydrocarbon component of biological origin. The process comprises at least two steps, the first one of which is a HDO step and the second one is an isomerization step operated using the counter-current flow principle. A biological raw material containing fatty acids and / or fatty acid esters serves as the feed stock.

The invention relates to a process for the manufacture of diesel range hydrocarbons wherein a feed is hydrotreated in a hydrotreating step and isomerised in an isomerisation step, and a feed comprising fresh feed containing more than 5 wt % of free fatty acids and at least one diluting agent is hydrotreated at a reaction temperature of 200-400° C., in a hydrotreating reactor in the presence of catalyst, and the ratio of the diluting agent / fresh feed is 5-30:1.

A process for manufacturing a lubricating base oil by: a) performing Fischer-Tropsch synthesis on syngas to provide a product stream; b) isolating from said product stream a substantially paraffinic wax feed having less than about 30 ppm total nitrogen and sulfur, and less than about 1 wt % oxygen; c) dewaxing said feed by hydroisomerization dewaxing using a shape selective intermediate pore size molecular sieve comprising a noble metal hydrogenation component, wherein the hydroisomerization temperature is between about 600° F. (315° C.) and about 750° F. (399° C.), to produce an is dimerized oil; and d) hydrofinishing said isomerized oil to produce a lubricating base oil having specific desired properties.

The invention relates to a process for producing a new type of high-quality hydrocarbon base oil of biological origin. The process of the invention comprises ketonisation, hydrodeoxygenation, and isomerization steps. Fatty acids and / or fatty acid esters based on a biological raw material are preferably used as the feedstock.

The preparation of olefins from steam cracker or refinery C4 streams is carried out by selective hydrogenation of butadienes and acetylenic impurities in the steam cracker or refinery C4 stream, with simultaneous or subsequent, at least partial isomerization of 1-butene to 2-butene, followed by removal of i-butene from the C4 stream by reaction with an alcohol to form an ether, followed by removal of oxygen-containing impurities from the C4 stream using adsorber materials, followed by two-stage metathesis of the butenes in the C4 stream by conversion of 1-butene and 2-butene present in the C4 stream into propene and 2-pentene and subsequent reaction of the 2-pentene with ethene in the presence of a metathesis catalyst to form propene and 1-butene. Optionally, butadiene may be removed from the C4 stream by extractive distillation in a preliminary step.

Compositions and methods for forming hydrocarbon products from triglycerides are disclosed. In one aspect, the methods involve the thermal decomposition of fatty acids, which can be derived from the hydrolysis of triglycerides. The thermal decomposition products can be combined with low molecular weight olefins, such as Fischer-Tropsch synthesis products, and subjected to molecular averaging reactions. Alternatively, the products can be subjected to hydrocracking reactions, isomerization reactions, and the like. The products can be isolated in the gasoline, jet and / or diesel fuel ranges. Thus, vegetable oils and / or animal fats can be converted using water, catalysts, and heat, into conventional products in the gasoline, jet and / or diesel fuel ranges. These products are virtually indistinguishable from those derived from their petroleum-based analogs, except that they can have virtually no aromatic, sulfur or nitrogen content, they are derived, in whole or in part, from renewable resources, and can also be derived from domestically available coal and / or natural gas.

A hydrocarbon product stream having hydrocarbons with boiling points in the aviation fuel range is produced from renewable feedstocks such as plant and animal oils. The process involves treating a renewable feedstock by hydrogenating, deoxygenating, isomerization, and selectively hydrocracking the feedstock to produce paraffinic hydrocarbons having from about 9 to about 16 carbon atoms and a high iso / normal ratio in a single reaction zone containing a multifunctional catalyst, or set of catalysts, having hydrogenation, deoxygenation, isomerization and selective hydrocracking functions.

A triglyceride-to-fuel conversion process including the steps of (a) preconditioning unsaturated triglycerides by catalytic conjugation, cyclization, and cross-link steps; (b) contacting the modified triglycerides with hot-compressed water containing a catalyst, wherein cracking, hydrolysis, decarboxylation, dehydration, aromatization, or isomerization, or any combination thereof, of the modified triglycerides produce a crude hydrocarbon oil and an aqueous phase containing glycerol and lower molecular weight molecules, and (c) refining the crude hydrocarbon oil to produce various grades of biofuels. A triglyceride-to-fuel conversion process further including the steps of (a) carrying out anaerobic fermentation and decarboxylation / dehydration, wherein the anaerobic fermentation produces hydrogen, volatile acids, and alcohols from fermentable feedstocks, and the decarboxylation / dehydration produces alkenes from the volatile acids and alcohols, respectively; (b) feeding the alkenes to the cyclization process; (c) feeding the hydrogen to the post refining process; and (d) recycling the aqueous phase containing glycerol to the decarboxylation / dehydration process. A biofuel composition including straight-chain, branched and cyclo paraffins, and aromatics. The paraffins are derived from conversion of triglycerides. The aromatics are derived from conversion of either triglycerides, petroleum, or coal.

One or more oligomers of an olefin are prepared in the presence of a single-site catalyst. Preferably, the olefin is an α-olefin, and the oligomers are a poly-alpha-olefin (PAO). The PAO so prepared is completely or substantially free of tertiary hydrogen resulting from isomerization. Consequently, the PAO possesses improved biodegradability, improved oxidation resistance, and / or a relatively higher viscosity index. The PAO has many useful applications, such as a component of a lubricant.

A method for producing lubricant base oils is provided comprising the steps of: (a) separating a feedstock into a light lubricant base oil fraction and a heavy fraction; (b) hydroisomerizing the fractions over a medium pore size molecular sieve catalyst under hydroisomerization conditions to produce an isomerized light lubricant base oil fraction having a pour point less than or equal to a target pour point of the lubricant base oils and an isomerized heavy fraction having a pour point of equal to or greater than the target pour point of the lubricant base oils and a cloud point greater than the target cloud point of the lubricant base oils; and (c) dehazing the isomerized heavy fraction to provide a heavy lubricant base oil having a pour point less than or equal to the target pour point of the lubricant base oils and a cloud point less than or equal to the target cloud point of the lubricant base oils.

The invention relates to a process for producing high-quality hydrocarbon base oil particularly of biological origin. The process of the invention comprises aldol condensation, hydrodeoxygenation, and isomerization steps. Aldehydes and / or ketones, preferably of biological origin are used as the feedstock.

The invention disclosed a catalyst to lower the freezing point of the diesel oil. The catalyst includes carrier that contains reshaped molecular sieve and hydrogenated metal. The molecular sieve is reshaped by VIB group metal, the content of which in the molecular sieve is 1wt%-40wt% (by oxidation state). The content of the molecular sieve and the metal are 10wt%-90wt% (by oxidation state) and 0.1wt%-40wt% (by oxidation state) respectively. The reshaping agent can modify the acid substance and the bore size on the surface of the molecular sieve so as to match the catalyst's isomerizing function and structure-selective splitting function well; it can make the splitting reaction proceeds according to the lock-and-key mechnanism and ensure the reaction proceeds properly without over splitting; it can improve the quality of the diesel oil and increase its yield. The invention can be used in the deparaffinage of the material that contains wax, especially in the process to lower the freezing point of the diesel oil distillate. It can not only lower the freezing point, but also increase the diesel oil yield substantially.

A catalyst and process is disclosed to selectively upgrade a paraffinic feedstock to obtain an isoparaffin-rich product for blending into gasoline. The catalyst comprises a support of a sulfated oxide or hydroxide of a Group IVB (IUPAC 4) metal, a first component comprising at least one Group III A (IUPAC 13) component, and at least one platinum-group metal component which is preferably platinum.

A process for manufacturing a lubricating base oil, comprising dewaxing a substantially paraffinic wax feed by hydroisomerization dewaxing using a shape selective intermediate pore size molecular sieve under hydroisomerization conditions including a hydrogen to feed ratio from about 712.4 to about 3562 liter H2 / liter oil, whereby a lubricating base oil is produced having a)a total weight percent of molecules with cycloparaffinic functionality greater than 10, and b) a ratio of weight percent molecules with monocycloparaffinic functionality to weight percent molecules with multicycloparaffinic functionality greater than 30. Also a method for producing a base oil having a high ratio of weight percent molecules with monocycloparaffinic functionality to weight percent molecules with multicycloparaffinic functionality by hydroisomerization dewaxing a selected Fischer-Tropsch wax under hydroisomerization conditions including a hydrogen to feed ratio from about 712.4 to about 3562 liter H2 / liter oil. Also a lubricating base oil manufacturing plant.

The present invention relates to a process of catalyzed isomerization of HFC-1234ze to make HFC-1234yf. The process comprises contacting HFC-1234ze with a suitable catalyst in a reactor to obtain a product mixture comprising HFC-1234yf.

A liquid or partially liquid phase process for isomerizing a non-equilibrium mixture of xylenes and ethylbenzene uses a zeolitic catalyst system preferably based on zeolite beta and on pentasil-type zeolite. The invention obtains an improved yield of para-xylene from the mixture relative to prior art processes in a more economical manner. A preferred beta zeolite is a surface-modified zeolite beta resulting from acid washing of a templated native zeolite at conditions insufficient to effect bulk dealumination. A preferred pentasil zeolite is a MTW-type with a silica-to-alumnina ratio between 20 and 45.

A process has been developed for producing diesel boiling range fuel from renewable feedstocks such as plant and animal fats and oils, the process providing for sulfur management. The process involves catalytically treating a renewable feedstock by hydrogenating and deoxygenating to provide a hydrocarbon fraction useful as a diesel boiling range fuel. The hydrocarbon fraction is isomerized to improve cold flow properties. A selective separation such as a hot high pressure hydrogen stripper is used to remove at least the carbon oxides from the first zone effluent before entering the isomerization zone, and to provide liquid recycle to the treating zone at pressure and temperature. A vapor stream is separated from the isomerization effluent and at least carbon dioxide is removed using at least one selective or flexible amine solution absorber. The resulting hydrogen-rich stream is recycled to the deoxygenation reaction zone

Disclosed is process for the production of (E) 1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene (HCFO-1233zd(E)) by conducting a continuous reaction without the use of a catalyst. Also disclosed is an integrated system for producing hydrofluoro olefins, particularly 1233zd(E). The manufacturing process includes six major unit operations: (1) a fluorination reaction of HCC-240fa (in continuous or semi-batch mode) using HF with simultaneous removal of by-product HCl and the product 1233zd(E); (2) recycle of unreacted HCC-240fa and HF together with under-fluorinated by-products back to (1); (3) separation and purification of by-product HCl; (4) separation of excess HF back to (1); (5) purification of final product, 1233zd(E); and (6) isomerization of by-product 1233zd(Z) to 1233zd(E) to maximize the process yield.

A process for producing a product slate, which includes at least three base oil grades having kinematic viscosities at 100° C. within the range between about 1.8 cSt and 30 cSt, from a waxy feed having an initial boiling point of about 340° C. or less and a final boiling point of about 560° C. or higher, said process comprising (a) isomerizing at least a portion of the waxy feed, whereby the amount of isoparaffins present are increased; (b) distilling a first portion of the isomerized waxy feed in light block mode operation into at least three base oil fractions having different boiling ranges; (c) distilling a second portion of the isomerized waxy feed in medium block mode operation into at least three base oil fractions having different boiling ranges; and (d) blending at least one base oil fraction produced from light block mode with at least one base oil fraction produced from medium block mode to produce a lubricating base oil blend meeting a target value for at least one pre-selected property.

The present invention is generally directed to methods for making fuels from biomass comprising triglyceride species, whereby the biomass is subjected to partial hydrodeoxygenation and (optionally) catalytic isomerization. The partial-hydrodeoxygenation of the triglyceride species produces a fuel that retains some oxygenates for enhanced lubricity.

Methods for forming doped silane and / or semiconductor thin films, doped liquid phase silane compositions useful in such methods, and doped semiconductor thin films and structures. The composition is generally liquid at ambient temperatures and includes a Group IVA atom source and a dopant source. By irradiating a doped liquid silane during at least part of its deposition, a thin, substantially uniform doped oligomerized / polymerized silane film may be formed on a substrate. Such irradiation is believed to convert the doped silane film into a relatively high-molecular weight species with relatively high viscosity and relatively low volatility, typically by cross-linking, isomerization, oligomerization and / or polymerization. A film formed by the irradiation of doped liquid silanes can later be converted (generally by heating and annealing / recrystallization) into a doped, hydrogenated, amorphous silicon film or a doped, at least partially polycrystalline silicon film suitable for electronic devices. Thus, the present invention enables use of high throughput, low cost equipment and techniques for making doped semiconductor films of commercial quality and quantity from doped “liquid silicon.”

An olefin isomerization process employs a basic metal oxide catalyst, such as magnesium oxide, which retains at least about 85 percent of its initial activity for at least about 168 hours of on-stream time. The catalyst is preferably a high purity magnesium oxide. The olefin isomerization process and catalyst described herein are advantageously used for the production of a terminal olefin such as 1-butene from an internal olefin such as 2-butene.

The present application relates to methods for producing a lubricant base oil from a waxy hydrocarbon feed using a sulfided shape selective, intermediate pore size, noble metal-containing molecular sieve catalyst. According to the present invention, a shape selective, intermediate pore size, noble metal-containing molecular sieve catalyst is sulfided to provide a sulfided catalyst, wherein the molar ratio of sulfur to noble metal in the sulfided catalyst is greater than one, and a waxy hydrocarbon feed is hydroisomerized by contacting the waxy hydrocarbon feed with the sulfided catalyst at hydroisomerization conditions, to produce a lubricant base oil.

A catalyst and process is disclosed to selectively upgrade a paraffinic feedstock to obtain an isoparaffin-rich product for blending into gasoline. The catalyst comprises a support of a tungstated oxide or hydroxide of a Group IVB (IUPAC 4) metal, a first component of at least one lanthanide element, yttrium or mixtures thereof, which is preferably ytterbium or holmium, and at least one platinum-group metal component which is preferably platinum.

A process for isomerization dewaxing of a hydrocarbon feed which includes contacting the hydrocarbon feed with a large pore size, small crystal size, crystalline molecular sieve and an intermediate pore size, small crystal size, crystalline molecular sieve to produce a dewaxed product with a reduced pour point and a reduced cloud point. In a preferred embodiment, the feed is contacted with the molecular sieves sequentially, first with the large pore sieve followed by the intermediate pore sieve.

This invention is drawn to a process for isomerizing a non-equilibrium mixture of xylenes and ethylbenzene using an oil-dropped catalyst comprising a zeolite, a platinum-group metal and an aluminophosphate binder, resulting in a greater yield of para-xylene at favorable conditions compared to processes of the known art.

Disclosed are processes for an isomerization reaction between (E)1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene and (Z)1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene. Some of the disclosed processes include the step of contacting a feed stream with a heated surface, where the feed stream includes (E)1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene, (Z)1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene or mixtures thereof. The resulting product stream includes (E)1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene and (Z)1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoropropene, where the ratio of (E) isomer to (Z) isomer in the product stream is different than the ratio feed stream. The (E) and (Z) isomers in the product stream may be separated from one another.

The invention relates to a process for producing high-quality hydrocarbon base oil of biological origin. The process of the invention comprises alcohol condensation, hydrodeoxygenation, and isomerization steps. Alcohols, preferably fatty alcohols of biological origin are used as the feedstock.