Transalkylation processes using catalysts comprising three dimensional 12 membered ring zeolites with a combination of small and large pores are described. These catalysts have increased conversion of alkylphenols to phenol, cresols, and alkylbenzenes from coal-derived liquid streams compared to catalysts consisting of HZSM-5 zeolite.
A method of converting a polymer including contacting a catalyst with a low-density polyethylenepolymer to form a mixture and heating the mixture to a temperature of 200 degrees Celsius (° C.) to 600° C. in a microwave reactor to form a product. The catalyst includes an HZSM-5 zeolite, and 1 weight percent (wt. %) to 10 wt. % gallium and 0.1% to 5 wt. % copper, based on the total weight of the catalyst.
The venturi-type scrubber may be used in conjunction with the removal of solids and quench gas-phase reaction products from the gas-phase reaction products. A method can include: providing a reaction product comprising a hydrocarbon gas and a solid; introducing the reaction product into a venturi type scrubber; introducing a scrubbing fluid into the venturi-type scrubber, wherein the scrubbing fluid is at a lower temperature than the reaction product; generating, by the venturi scrubber, a heterogeneous product comprising a scrubbed reaction product and a waste scrubbing fluid, the scrubbed reaction product comprising the hydrocarbon gas, and the waste scrubbing fluid comprising the scrubbing fluid and the solids; and separating the hydrocarbon gas from the multiphase fluid. A system may include a reactor; a venturi-type scrubber having a first inlet fluidly connected to the reactor and a second inlet configured to receive a scrubbing fluid; and a separation column configured to receive a multiphase stream from the venturi scrubber after solids are removed.
Disclosed is a process for producing a jet fuel, comprising a step of converting an alcoholstream in a fluidized bed, a jet fuel and a plant associated with said process. The process involves the following steps:(a) converting a C1 to C6 alcoholstream to produce a mixture containing paraffins, olefins, aromatics, and water;(b) separating water from the mixture;(c) oligomerizing olefins; and(d) alkylating aromatics from the mixture;(e) forming a stream of hydrocarbons to be hydrogenated;(f) hydrogenating the stream of hydrocarbons to be hydrogenated;(g) recovering at least one jet fuel fraction from the hydrogenated hydrocarbon stream.Conversion step (a) is carried out in a reaction zone comprising at least one fluidized catalytic bed.In the mixture of paraffins, olefins, aromatics and water produced in conversion step (a), the ratio of the mass of C3+ olefins to the total mass of olefins is greater than or equal to 0.8.
A fluidized bed device for couplingnaphtha and methanol to prepare aromatics and co-produce olefins and its application method are provided. By using the device, under the action of a catalyst, naphtha reacts with methanol to generate product gas containing aromatics and light olefins as main components. The method can efficiently and selectively convert linear and branched aliphatic hydrocarbons into aromatics, while also increasing p-xylene production through aromatic methylation reactions, with the p-xylene content in the xylene mixture exceeding 75 wt %. The fluidized bed reactor achieves increased p-xylene production by controlling the progression of cascade reactions (naphtha→benzene / toluene→p-xylene). Additionally, it utilizes the methylation reaction of benzene / toluene with methanol to provide in-situ heat for the coupled naphtha-methanol aromatization process, thereby achieving autothermal balance.
An integrated catalyst can be used in an olefin disproportionation reaction. The integrated catalyst contains a plurality of different integrated active phases. The relative positions among different active phases remain substantially unchanged during the olefin disproportionation reaction. The effective distance between respective bisecting planes of two adjacent different active phases is 0.5-5 mm, preferably 1-3 mm.
The disclosure relates to a cleaning process of a vinyl aromatic compounds distillation unit wherein the vinyl aromatic compounds distillation unit comprises one or more distillation columns, the process comprises a step of cleaning one or more distillation columns followed by a step of passivation of at least one distillation column wherein a flux comprising a passivation mixture is passed through at least one distillation column under passivation conditions comprising a temperature of at least 90° C., wherein the passivation mixture comprises a component A being one or more polymerisation inhibitors; and a component B selected from steam and / or one or more hydrocarbons devoid of vinyl group. The disclosure also relates to the process of purification and of production of one or more vinyl aromatic compounds that include the said cleaning process.
Provided are (1) a method for converting ethanol, comprising contacting a raw material mixture containing ethylene and ethanol with a catalyst in an adiabatic reactor to obtain a reaction gas containing an olefin having 3 or more carbon atoms, (2) a method for converting ethanol, comprising contacting a raw material mixture containing methanol and ethanol with a catalyst in an adiabatic reactor to obtain a reaction gas containing an olefin having 3 or more carbon atoms, and (3) a method for converting ethanol, comprising: contacting a raw material mixture containing ethanol and ethylene with a catalyst in an adiabatic reactor to obtain a reaction gas containing an olefin having 3 or more carbon atoms; separating the reaction gas into fraction A mainly containing a hydrocarbon having 2 to 3 carbon atoms and fraction B mainly containing a hydrocarbon having 4 to 6 carbon atoms by a first distillation column; and recycling at least a portion of the fraction A as a portion of the raw material mixture to the reaction step.
A quaternaryammonium salt that has a specific structure, an organic structure-directing agent that contains this quaternaryammonium salt, and a method for producing a quaternaryammonium salt. Also, a CON-type zeolite that is mixed crystal in which the molar ratio (Si / Al) of silicon (Si) and aluminum (Al) is from 200 to 2000 and that contains 25 mass% or more of polymorph A, a catalyst containing a CON-type zeolite, and a method for producing a lower olefin using this catalyst.
Provided are: a production method for a modified aluminosilicate that makes it possible to highly selectively produce a hydroquinone via a reaction between a phenol and hydrogenperoxide, with industrially advantageous conditions; a production method for a catalyst that is for producing an aromatic dihydroxide compound and that includes the modified aluminosilicate; a production method for an aromatic dihydroxide compound that uses the catalyst; and a modified aluminosilicate. A production method for an aluminosilicate according to the present invention comprises: a first step for preparing a liquid obtained by contact between a metal compound (AL) containing aluminum and oxygen and silica in the form of a sol containing water, and obtaining an aluminosilicate in which the molar ratio (HMR) between water and silica is in a specific range; a second step for treating, with acid, the aluminosilicate obtained in the first step; a third step for performing primary firing with respect to the treated product obtained in the second step; and a fourth step for bringing into contact the primary fired product obtained in the third step and a liquid containing one or more elements selected from the group consisting of group 4 elements and group 5 elements of the periodic table, and thereafter performing drying and secondary firing. The metal compound (AL) is preferably a zeolite. The first step preferably includes a step for removing the water.
This disclosure relates to a single stage process for the direct conversion of alcohols, e.g. ethanol, to olefinic mixtures (C2-C7) with low levels of aromatics carried out in a single reactor with two fixed catalyst beds in series, or two catalytic fixed bed reactors in series wherein the first reactor operates at a lower or higher temperature than the operating temperature of the second reactor. The process transformation of ethanol is comprised of ethanoldehydration to ethylene and water in high yield with the first catalyst in the first reactor, or via the first fixed catalyst bed, followed by directly feeding the ethylene and water to the second reactor, or second fixed catalyst bed, with conversion of said ethylene and water to a C2-C7 olefinic mixture with the second catalyst(s) in high yields with minimal aromatic compound formation.
The invention relates to a catalyst comprising a zeolite having at least one series of channels whose opening is at least equal to 10 oxygen atoms (10MR) and a binder, in which:-the catalyst comprises phosphorus and comprises an AlPO structure determined by a signal between 35 and 45 ppm in a spectrum obtained by the 27Al NMR analysis of the catalyst; -the pore volume (V (4-900)) of the pores of the catalyst having a size of 3.6 to 900 nm is greater than or equal to 0.25 ml / g; and-the catalyst has a pore volume (V (30-310)) of pores having a size of 30 to 310 nm of less than or equal to 0.080 ml / g. The invention also relates to the use of said catalyst in a process for the dehydration of alcohols and to a process for the preparation of ethylene from a feedstock comprising ethanol using said catalyst.
The invention is related to a process for synthesizing a sustainable aviation fuel composition. The process comprises providing a reaction mixture comprising a first compound that is at least one of mevalonolactone, mevalonic acid, mevalonate salt, dehydromevalonic acid, dehydromevalonate salt, dehydromevalonolactone or combinations thereof. The process then involves converting the first compound in the reaction mixture to provide a first intermediate comprising isoprene. Then, the isoprene in the first intermediate is reacted in the presence of a first heat transfer agent to provide a second intermediate comprising terpenes. Finally, the second intermediate is allowed to react in the presence of a second heat transfer agent, or alternatively in neat conditions, and optionally in presence of a catalyst to provide the sustainable fuel composition. The sustainable aviation fuel composition made available from the process of the invention is found to comprise monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (MAHs) at useful concentration ranges (along with cycloalkanes) while they are substantially devoid of Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs).
The present application relates to the technical field of catalyst preparation, and is a catalyst for producing mesitylene from C9 mixed aromatic hydrocarbons and a preparation method thereof.The former is a non-noble metal supported molecular sieve catalyst, the catalyst carrier comprises a molecular sieve and a binder, the molecular sieve accounts for 70% to 90% of the weight percentage of the catalyst carrier, the loading of each element accounts for 1wt% to 10wt% of the weight percentage of the catalyst carrier, and the total loading of elements accounts for 5wt% to 15wt% of the weight percentage of the catalyst carrier.The catalyst for producing mesitylene from C9 mixed aromatic hydrocarbons has good catalytic performance, is applied to the process of producing mesitylene from C9 mixed aromatic hydrocarbons as a catalyst for alkylation reaction and isomerization reaction, finally eliminates the interference of methyl ethyl benzene, maximizes the production of mesitylene, the content of methyl ethyl benzene is less than 0.5%, and the yield of mesitylene is greater than 25%.
The invention relates to a process comprising reacting mevalonic acid, or a solution comprising mevalonic acid, to yield a first product or first product mixture, optionally in the presence of a solid catalyst and / or at elevated temperature and / or pressure. The invention further relates to a process comprising: (a) providing a microbial organism that expresses a biosynthetic mevalonic acid pathway; (b) growing the microbial organism in fermentation medium comprising suitable carbon substrates, whereby biobased mevalonic acid is produced; and (c) reacting said biobased mevalonic acid to yield a first product or first product mixture.
The present invention relates to an isomerizing dehydration process for a feed comprising at least one primary monoalcohol of formula R-CH2-OH, wherein R is a nonlinear alkyl radical of general formula CnH2n+1, where n is an integer between 3 and 20. The process comprises an isomerizing dehydration step carried out in the gas phase at a weighted average temperature between 200 and 300°C, a pressure between 0.1 and 1 MPa, and a weight-hourly spatial velocity (WHV) between 1 and 25 h⁻¹, in the presence of a catalyst comprising at least one zeolite. The zeolite has at least one series of channels whose pore opening is defined by an 8-oxygen ring (8MR) and a mesoporous volume greater than or equal to 0.10 mL / g. Figure 2 to be published