The invention relates to the field of pharmaceutical chemical industry, and particularly discloses a synthetic method of a pharmaceutical intermediate pyrano [2, 3-d] [1, 3] thiazolo [3, 2-a] pyrimidine derivative, which comprises the following steps: in a catalytic system consisting of a basic ionic liquid catalyst and a mixed solvent, taking aldehyde, malononitrile and 7-hydroxy-2, 3-dihydro-5H-[1, 3] thiazolo [3, 2-a] pyrimidine-5-ketone as raw materials, and reacting at the temperature of 60-80 DEG C to obtain the pyrano [2, 3-d] [1, 3] thiazolo [3, 2-a] pyrimidine derivative. And reacting at the temperature of between 35 and 50 DEG C for 4 to 8 minutes, and preparing to obtain the pyrano [2, 3-d] [1, 3] thiazolo [3, 2-a] pyrimidine derivative medical intermediate. According to the synthesis method, through selection of a plurality of elements such as catalyst, reaction solvent and catalytic system regeneration, the target product can be obtained at high yield, and the synthesis method has good industrial large-scale use value in the technical field of medical intermediate synthesis.