239 results about "Product formation" patented technology

A method of sequestering a greenhouse gas is described, which comprises: (i) providing a solution carrying a first reagent that is capable of reacting with a greenhouse gas; (ii) contacting the solution with a greenhouse gas under conditions that promote a reaction between the at least first reagent and the greenhouse gas to produce at least a first reactant; (iii) providing a porous matrix having interstitial spaces and comprising at least a second reactant; (iv) allowing a solution carrying the at least first reactant to infiltrate at least a substantial portion of the interstitial spaces of the porous matrix under conditions that promote a reaction between the at least first reactant and the at least second reactant to provide at least a first product; and (v) allowing the at least first product to form and fill at least a portion of the interior spaces of the porous matrix, thereby sequestering a greenhouse gas.

An improved continuous process for converting methane, natural gas, or other hydrocarbon feedstocks into one or more higher hydrocarbons or olefins by continuously cycling through the steps of alkane halogenation, product formation (carbon-carbon coupling), product separation, and regeneration of halogen is provided. Preferably, the halogen is continually recovered by reacting hydrobromic acid with air or oxygen. The invention provides an efficient route to aromatic compounds, aliphatic compounds, mixtures of aliphatic and aromatic compounds, olefins, gasoline grade materials, and other useful products.

Digesting cellulosic biomass in the presence of a slurry catalyst may reduce degradation product formation, but catalyst distribution and retention can be problematic. Digestion methods can comprise: providing cellulosic biomass solids and a slurry catalyst capable of activating molecular hydrogen in a digestion unit; providing a digestible filter aid in the digestion unit; distributing the slurry catalyst within the cellulosic biomass solids using fluid flow; retaining at least a portion of the slurry catalyst in a fixed location using the digestible filter aid; heating the cellulosic biomass solids in the presence of the slurry catalyst, a digestion solvent, and molecular hydrogen, thereby forming a liquor phase comprising soluble carbohydrates; and performing a catalytic reduction reaction on the soluble carbohydrates within the digestion unit, thereby at least partially forming a reaction product comprising a triol, a diol, a monohydric alcohol, or any combination thereof in the digestion unit.

Transgenic microbial strains are provided which contain the genes required for PHA formation integrated on the chromosome. The strains are advantageous in PHA production processes, because (1) no plasmids need to be maintained, generally obviating the required use of antibiotics or other stabilizing pressures, and (2) no plasmid loss occurs, thereby stabilizing the number of gene copies per cell throughout the fermentation process, resulting in homogeneous PHA product formation throughout the production process. Genes are integrated using standard techniques, preferably transposon mutagenesis. In a preferred embodiment wherein mutiple genes are incorporated, these are incorporated as an operon. Sequences are used to stabilize mRNA, to induce expression as a function of culture conditions (such as phosphate concentration), temperature, and stress, and to aid in selection, through the incorporation of selection markers such as markers conferring antibiotic resistance.

This invention provides devices and apparatuses comprising the same, for the mixing and pumping of relatively small volumes of fluid. Such devices utilize nonlinear electrokinetics as a primary mechanism for driving fluid flow. Methods of cellular analysis and high-throughput, multi-step product formation using, devices of this invention are described.

The present invention is directed to the upgrading of heavy hydrocarbon feedstock that utilizes a short residence pyrolytic reactor operating under conditions that cracks and chemically upgrades the feedstock. The process of the present invention provides for the preparation of a partially upgraded feedstock exhibiting reduced viscosity and increased API gravity. This process selectively removes metals, salts, water and nitrogen from the feedstock, while at the same time maximizes the yield of the liquid product, and minimizes coke and gas production. Furthermore, this process reduces the viscosity of the feedstock in order to permit pipeline transport, if desired, of the upgraded feedstock with little or no addition of diluents. The method for upgrading a heavy hydrocarbon feedstock comprises introducing a particulate heat carrier into an upflow reactor, introducing the heavy hydrocarbon feedstock into the upflow reactor at a location above that of the particulate heat carrier so that a loading ratio of the particulate heat carrier to feedstock is from about 15:1 to about 200:1, allowing the heavy hydrocarbon feedstock to interact with the heat carrier with a residence time of less than about 1 second, to produce a product stream, separating the product stream from the particulate heat carrier, regenerating the particulate heat carrier, and collecting a gaseous and liquid product from the product stream. This invention also pertains to the products produced by the method.

There is described a method and apparatus for controlling the combustion by-product formation rate in at least one burner of a fossil fuel fired power plant. The burner has an associated flame scanner which is focused on a small area of the burner flame to obtain an image signal of the flame. A flame signal that represents properties of temporal combustion in the visible light spectrum of the burner is generated from the image signal. Combustion turbulence at the burner is analyzed from the flame signal by a dynamic invariant that has a relationship to the combustion by-product values and different combustion by-product levels at the burner and the combustion turbulence is correlated to the combustion by-product formation rate at the burner. The method and apparatus can also be used to correlated the combustion turbulence at a multiplicity of burners to the associated combustion by-product formation rate.

Disclosed are systems and methods for configuring portion control for a dispenser apparatus. A plurality of beverage ingredients may be associated with the dispenser apparatus, and a plurality of selectable beverages may be formed from the plurality of beverage ingredients. Input for one or more preferences associated with portion control may be received. Stored information associated with at least one of the plurality of selectable beverages may be accessed. At least one portion control for at least one of the plurality of selectable beverages may be determined based at least in part on at least a portion of the received input and at least a portion of the accessed information.

To facilitate baking a frozen dough product in an oven, the dough product is formed over an edible film or substrate that may have a plurality of die-cut holes. This film serves as a baking substrate and obviates the need for a baking pan. The film is formed with the dough product that adheres to the dough during pressing. The end user may thus remove the frozen dough product together with the film from a packing preform and place the dough product and film assembly on an oven rack for baking. As the dough thaws, the crust will loose its stiffness. The film however, will prevent the more pliable crust from distending through the oven rack before the dough has become baked and rigid. The film forms a support that restrains flow of the dough, while at the same time the permits the escape of gases from the bottom of the crust and ensures uniform baking. During baking, the film is absorbed into the dough product. The finished baked dough product, such as dinner rolls or a pizza crust, may then be removed from the oven, and the baked dough product may be served directly for consumption.

A method of manufacturing a thin, small-sized, inexpensive, non-leaded, resin-sealed type semiconductor device is disclosed. A flexible tape having plural terminals peelably through a first adhesive in a product forming portion formed on a main surface of the tape is provided, a semiconductor element is fixed to the main surface of the tape peelably through a second adhesive, electrodes formed on the semiconductor element and the terminals are connected together through conductive wires, an insulating resin layer is formed in an area including the semiconductor element and the wires on the main surface of the tape to cover the semiconductor element and the wires, and the tape on a back surface of the insulating resin layer is peeled, allowing the terminals to be exposed to the back surface of the insulating resin layer. Exposed surfaces of the terminals are each formed by a gold layer. The terminals each comprise a main metal layer of copper foil and one or plural auxiliary metal layers formed on each of a main surface and a back surface of the main metal layer. The auxiliary metal layer(s) on the main surface of the main metal layer is (are) formed using a material which affords a rough surface, thereby roughening the main surface side of each terminal.

The invention relates to a method for preparing peanut protein polypeptide by microbial fermentation, including the steps as follows: (1) peanut protein preparation; (2) polypeptide preparation; (3) microbial fermentation; (4) separation; (5) finished product formation. The method adopts the process of complex enzyme hydrolyzation to simultaneously realize certain degree of zymohydrolysis as well as modification during zymohydrolysis so that the flavor of the zymohydrolysis product, i.e. the peanut polypeptide can be improved and the peanut polypeptide can be used as a raw material for food addiitive or nutrient protein. Compared with animal prolease and plant prolease, the microbial protease enzyme adopted by the method has the characteristics of good solubility, high activity and strong specificity, and can deeply hydrolyze the protein.

This invention provides devices and apparatuses comprising the same, for efficient pumping and/or mixing of relatively small volumes of fluid. Such devices utilize nonlinear electrokinetics as a primary mechanism for driving fluid flow. Methods of cellular analysis and high-throughput, multi-step product formation using devices of this invention are described.

An ion conducting polymeric composition mixture comprises a copolymer of styrene and vinylbenzyl-R_s. R_s is selected from the group consisting of imidazoliums, pyridiniums, pyrazoliums, pyrrolidiniums, pyrroliums, pyrimidiums, piperidiniums, indoliums, and triaziniums. The composition contains 10%-90% by weight of vinylbenzyl-R_s. The composition can further comprise a polyolefin comprising substituted polyolefins, a polymer comprising cyclic amine groups, a polymer comprising at least one of a phenylene group and a phenyl group, a polyamide, and/or the reaction product of a constituent having two carbon-carbon double bonds. The composition can be in the form of a membrane. In a preferred embodiment, the membrane is a Helper Membrane that increases the faradaic efficiency of an electrochemical cell into which the membrane is incorporated, and also allows product formation at lower voltages than in cells without the Helper Membrane.

The invention discloses a processing method of red jujube chips. After cleaning the red dates, remove the pits, slice them, and freeze them, then take out the frozen jujube slices and dry them under vacuum at 50-600Pa and 30-50°C for 1-2 hours. 3h, and finally sterilized under microwave and vacuum packed. The present invention adopts the combination method of freezing and vacuum drying to prepare red jujube chips, and while retaining the original flavor, color, nutrition and crispy taste of fruits and vegetables to the greatest extent, it also retains the original appearance and shape of jujube chips, making the product smooth , bright color, and has moisture absorption resistance, short production cycle, low energy consumption.

The method of this invention adheres a low emissivity radiant barrier material to an underlying lignocellulosic substrate within the primary manufacturing operation of the underlying lignocellulosic substrate. Thus, a radiant barrier covered substrate is formed by integrally joining the radiant barrier covering to a mat of lignocellulosic material during consolidation thereof with a first adhesive bonding material to form an underlying substrate. The integral joining operation can, for example, be accomplished by bonding the radiant barrier covering to a lignocellulosic mat in a product formation press. This is typically accomplished using a second adhesive bonding material for adhesion of the radiant barrier material to the lignocellulosic mat, and a first adhesive bonding material for consolidating the lignocellulosic mat to form a lignocellulosic substrate. More specifically, this invention is directed to a method whereby a low emissivity radiant barrier material is joined in situ to a mat of lignocellulosic particles using a second adhesive material, during the consolidation of the lignocellulosic particles and a first adhesive bonding material to form an underlying substrate, an integral laminated radiant barrier covered lignocellulosic product being produced.

A method and apparatus for pipe pig that is employed in a piping system for the purpose of recovering product. The pipe pig, or simply "pig," is utilized to flush or purge a piping system, which includes a pipe that is normally filled with a product stream. The pig is a substantially solid slug that is introduced into the flow within the pipe. The pipe pig includes at least a component of a product stream and the pig is at least partially frozen to achieve its substantially solid form. The pipe pig is inserted or alternatively formed within a launch chamber that junctions with a pipe. A release valve is opened to allow the pig to enter the pipe. An exterior surface of the launch chamber can be heated to prevent the pig from sticking within the launch chamber or refrigerated to form the pig. The pipe pig can be propelled into the product stream or allowed to fall by gravity or suction alone. Articulations can also be formed into the pipe pig to allow the pig to bend along its length and so allow the pig to travel around elbows and bends in the pipe. Alternatively, a freezing agent can be injected into the pipe that contains the product stream to form the pig. With product recovery using the pig, piping system waste products are minimized.

The invention relates to methods for identifying compounds which affect cellular stress. In particular, the method relates to identifying compounds which inhibit protein advanced glycation end product formation, where the compounds are carbonyl scavengers which inhibit the formation. The assay involves combing the substance of interest with histone H1 and ADP-ribose, and then measuring fluorescence and protein cross linking. Various inhibitors ofprotein AGE glycation have been identified, using this assay.