9956 results about "Chemical synthesis" patented technology

The present invention relates generally to the fields of oligonucleotide synthesis. More particularly, it concerns the assembly of genes and genomes of completely synthetic artificial organisms. Thus, the present invention outlines a novel approach to utilizing the results of genomic sequence information by computer directed gene synthesis based on computing on the human genome database. Specifically, the present invention contemplates and describes the chemical synthesis and resynthesis of genes defined by the genome sequence in a host vector and transfer and expression of these sequences into suitable hosts.

Chemical syntheses and medical uses of novel inhibitors of the gastric H+, K+-ATPase for the treatment and / or management of duodenal ulcers, heartburn, acid reflux, other conditions mediated by gastric acid secretion and / or psoriasis are described.

In a first embodiment, this invention includes an integrated robot apparatus for performing combinatorial chemistry synthesis protocols and having interchangeable work-stations, robot arm tools, and reaction vessels and reaction vessel arrays. The work-stations and tools are specialized to perform tasks necessary for the synthesis in a plurality of the reaction vessels grouped in a plurality of the reaction vessel arrays. Preferably, these elements function interchangeably because they have standardized sizes and conformation. The work-stations and tools include those for fluid dispensing or aspirating from individual reaction vessels or from all the reaction vessels in an array simultaneously. The reaction vessels can include, alternatively, stackable, ball-sealed reaction vessels, microtitre-like reaction vessel arrays, arrays of independent reaction vessels, valve-sealed reaction vessels, septum-sealed reaction vessels, and syringe reaction vessels. In alternative embodiments, this invention includes these work-stations, tools, reaction vessels and reaction vessel arrays in various combinations or sub-combinations either for use in partially integrated robots or for manual or standalone use.

A route to the fabrication of electronic devices is provided, in which the devices consist of two crossed wires sandwiching an electrically addressable molecular species. The approach is extremely simple and inexpensive to implement, and scales from wire dimensions of several micrometers down to nanometer-scale dimensions. The device of the present invention can be used to produce crossbar switch arrays, logic devices, memory devices, and communication and signal routing devices. The present invention enables construction of molecular electronic devices on a length scale than can range from micrometers to nanometers via a straightforward and inexpensive chemical assembly procedure. The device is either partially or completely chemically assembled, and the key to the scaling is that the location of the devices on the substrate are defined once the devices have been assembled, not prior to assembly.

A biomarker generator system for producing approximately one (1) unit dose of a biomarker. The biomarker generator system includes a small, low-power particle accelerator (“micro-accelerator”) and a radiochemical synthesis subsystem having at least one microreactor and / or microfluidic chip. The micro-accelerator is provided for producing approximately one (1) unit dose of a radioactive substance, such as a substance that emits positrons. The radiochemical synthesis subsystem is provided for receiving the radioactive substance, for receiving at least one reagent, and for synthesizing the approximately one (1) unit dose of a biomarker.

A hydrocarbyldithiomethyl-modified compound of the Formula:R1—O—CH2—S—S—R2or a salt thereof wherein R1 is an organic molecule and R2 is a hydrocarbyl is useful for protecting and / or blocking hydroxyl groups in organic molecules such as nucleotides. The hydrocarbyldithiomethyl-modified compounds can also be used for chemically synthesizing oligonucleotides and for sequencing nucleic acid compounds.

The present invention features novel compositions, linkers, derivatized solid supports, and methods for the efficient solid phase synthesis of oligonucleotides, including RNA, DNA, RNA-DNA chimeras, and analogs thereof.

Articles comprising substantially uniform porous coatings, which may be photopatterned, are provided. The use of such porous coatings increases the surface density of attached compounds within, for example, ligand arrays prepared by methods such as regionally selective solid-phase chemical synthesis. Arrays prepared using the porous coatings may be used within a variety of diagnostic and drug discovery assays.

A method of designing oligonucleotides useful in molecular biology techniques as PCR primers or in other techniques as identification and / or quantification probes is disclosed. The method permits designing specific oligonucleotides for the identification of a determined sequence in a metagenomic sample. The method includes selecting or constructing a database of reference sequences, selecting a subset of sequences belonging to target organisms, selecting candidate oligonucleotides from such sequences, depurating these candidate oligonucleotides according to hybridization specificity and thermodynamic stability criteria, obtaining a list of designed oligonucleotides that fulfill the hybridization specificity and thermodynamic stability criteria, producing materially by chemical synthesis the designed oligonucleotides, and selecting the oligonucleotides which comply with the requirements of the desired process.

Methods are provided for constructing a synthetic genome, comprising generating and assembling nucleic acid cassettes comprising portions of the genome, wherein at least one of the nucleic acid cassettes is constructed from nucleic acid components that have been chemically synthesized, or from copies of the chemically synthesized nucleic acid components. In one embodiment, the entire synthetic genome is constructed from nucleic acid components that have been chemically synthesized, or from copies of the chemically synthesized nucleic acid components. Rational methods may be used to design the synthetic genome (e.g., to establish a minimal genome and / or to optimize the function of genes within a genome, such as by mutating or rearranging the order of the genes). Synthetic genomes of the invention may be introduced into vesicles (e.g., bacterial cells from which part or all of the resident genome has been removed, or synthetic vesicles) to generate synthetic cells. Synthetic genomes or synthetic cells may be used for a variety of purposes, including the generation of synthetic fuels, such as hydrogen or ethanol.

A route to the fabrication of electronic devices is provided, in which the devices consist of two crossed wires sandwiching an electrically addressable molecular species. The approach is extremely simple and inexpensive to implement, and scales from wire dimensions of several micrometers down to nanometer-scale dimensions. The device of the present invention can be used to produce crossbar switch arrays, logic devices, memory devices, and communication and signal routing devices. The present invention enables construction of molecular electronic devices on a length scale than can range from micrometers to nanometers via a straightforward and inexpensive chemical assembly procedure. The device is either partially or completely chemically assembled, and the key to the scaling is that the location of the devices on the substrate are defined once the devices have been assembled, not prior to assembly.

Modular microfluidic systems includes a plurality of microfluidic modules, each capable of performing fluidic operations including, but not limited to, filtering, splitting, regulating pressure, mixing, metering, reacting, diverting, heating, cooling, and condensing are provided. The microfluidic modules are polymeric, stencil-based structures adapted to be coupled in sequence for performing biological or chemical synthesis, including, but not limited to, chemical and biological syntheses of organic, polymer, inorganic, oligonucleotide, peptide, protein, bacteria, and enzymatic products.

A nylon powdery material used for laser sintering to quickly shape the products is prepared through chemical synthesis, surface treatment and modification. Its advantage is high sintering performance. Its products feature high strength and toughness, and low cost.

The present invention relates to microdroplets of a solution comprising a solvent having a boiling point of 150° C. or above, a surface tension of 30 dynes / cm or above, and a viscosity of 0.015 g / (cm)(sec). Such microdroplets are useful for the synthesis of chemical species, particularly biopolymers such as oligonucleotides and peptides, as well as arrays of chemical species. Preferably, the solvent has the formula (I):whereinA=O or S;X=O, S or N (C1-C4 alkyl)Y=O, S, N(C1-C4 alkyl) or CH2; andR=C1-C20 straight or branched chain alkyl.

The invention describes a new calcium phosphate cement powder, whose composition can best be described over the Ca / P molar ratio range of 1.35 to 1.40, most preferably 1.39, and whose two components were prepared by wet chemical synthesis procedures. One component is chemically-synthesized, bi-phasic alpha-TCP (Ca3(PO4)2, 95 wt %)+HA (Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2, 5 wt %) powder, while the second component is again a chemically-synthesized, single-phase DCPD (CaHPO4·2H2O) powder. A setting solution (Na2HPO4·2H2O) is used to form a self-setting calcium phosphate cement from the powder mixture. This cement can be used as bone filler or bone substitute in applications, which require higher rates of resorption.

The present invention provides novel, stable nucleic acid-lipid particles comprising one or more Dicer-substrate dsRNAs and / or small hairpin RNAs (shRNAs), methods of making the particles, and methods of delivering and / or administering the particles (e.g., for the treatment of a disease or disorder). In some embodiments, the nucleic acid-lipid particles of the invention comprise Dicer-substrate dsRNAs and / or shRNAs. In other embodiments, the nucleic acid-lipid particles of the invention comprise Dicer-substrate dsRNAs and / or shRNAs in combination with one or more additional interfering RNAs (e.g., siRNA, aiRNA, and / or miRNA). In further embodiments, the Dicer-substrate dsRNAs and / or shRNAs present in the nucleic acid-lipid particles of the invention are chemically synthesized.

The invention relates to a composition for driving and killing mosquitoes. The composition is characterized by comprising the following substances by portions: 20 to 50 portions of natural essential oil, 10 to 35 portions of pyrethroid, 25 to 50 portions of solvent oil, 3 to 20 portions of surface active agent and 5 to 15 portions of antioxidant. The composition has the advantages of: (1) having no toxic side effect to body, having multiple action of driving mosquitoes, sterilizing and essence, being capable of reducing the cost of the product and bringing pleasant feeling to a user; (2) having different effective components with different action mechanism for target insects and also being capable of effectively retarding the drug resistance thereof; (3) having higher safety than chemosynthetic insecticide due to easy decomposition and low residue of the natural essential oil in natural environment; (4) having obvious control effect to mosquitoes, flies and cockroaches and being capable of effectively reducing the using amount of pyrethroid due to adding of the natural essential oil; and (5) having a certain action of restraining and killing various harmful bacterium such as golden staphylococcus aureus, shigella shigae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa due to adding of natural vegetable garlic oil.

The invention discloses a method for synthesizing a novel amphoteric slow-breaking quick-setting asphalt emulsifier, belonging to the technical field of organic chemical synthesis. The method comprises the following steps of: reacting oleic acid with polyamine to generate acid amide polyamine, and then adding chloroactic acid to generate halogenating reaction to prepare the asphalt emulsifier, wherein the polyamine is the mixture of diethylenetriamine and triethylene tetramine. The water solubility of the hydrophilic radical of the emulsifier synthesized by the process is stronger than those of like emulsifiers, thereby obviously lowering the critical micelle concentration (CMC) value, and the particles of the produced asphalt emulsion are finer, smoother and evener. The emulsifier can effectively prevent asphalt from settling, increases the storage stability of the asphalt emulsion, reasonably regulates the charge ratio, widens the selectivity on stone materials in the application of slurry seal construction, enables the mixing time to be sufficient, and has obvious quick-setting effect and improved project quality.

Disclosed are systems and methods for manipulating chemical, biological, and / or biochemical samples, optionally supported on substrates and / or within chambers, for example biological samples contained on chips, within biological chambers, etc. In certain embodiments, an apparatus configured to be able to position a chamber or other substrate in one or more modules surrounding the apparatus is disclosed. The apparatus may be configured to be able to move the chamber or substrate in any set of directions, such as radially, vertically, and / or rotationally, with respect to the apparatus. The apparatus may be manually operated and / or automatically controlled. Examples of modules include, but are not limited to, stacking or holding modules, barcode readers, filling modules, sampling modules, incubation modules, sensor modules (e.g., for determining cell density, cell viability, pH, oxygen concentration, nutrient concentration, fluorescence measurements, etc.), assay modules (e.g., for ELISA or other biological assays), data analysis and management modules, control modules, etc. Sensors, control systems, and the like may also be positioned to facilitate operation of the device. Certain embodiments of the invention may be used, for example, to promote or optimize chemical synthesis or cell or biological growth, for instance, for the production of compounds such as drugs or other therapeutics.

The present application relates to microfluidic devices and related technologies, and to chemical processes using such devices. More specifically, the application discloses a fully automated synthesis of radioactive compounds for imaging, such as by positron emission tomography (PET), in a fast, efficient and compact manner. In particular, this application describe an automated, stand-alone, microfluidic instrument for the multi-step chemical synthesis of radiopharmaceuticals, such as probes for PET and a method of using such instruments.

The present invention belongs to the field of genomics and nucleic acid sequencing. It involves a novel method of sequencing biological material and real-time probabilistic matching of short strings of sequencing information to identify all species present in said biological material. It is related to real-time probabilistic matching of sequence information, and more particular to comparing short strings of a plurality of sequences of single molecule nucleic acids, whether amplified or unamplied, whether chemically synthesized or physically interrogated, as fast as the sequence information is generated and in parallel with continuous sequence information generation or collection.

Disclosed herein are urea-based 5-HT receptor modulators, pharmaceutically acceptable salts and prodrugs thereof, the chemical synthesis thereof, and medical use of such compounds for the treatment and / or management of 5-HT receptor-mediated disorders.

A method for the anodic electrochemical synthesis of ammonia gas. The method comprises providing an electrolyte between an anode and a cathode, providing nitrogen and hydrogen gases to the cathode, oxidizing negatively charged nitrogen-containing species and negatively charged hydrogen-containing species present in the electrolyte at the anode to form adsorbed nitrogen species and adsorbed hydrogen species, respectively, and reacting the adsorbed nitrogen species with the adsorbed hydrogen species to form ammonia. Nitrogen and hydrogen gases may be provided through a porous cathode substrate. The negatively charged nitrogen-containing species in the electrolyte may be produced by reducing nitrogen gas at the cathode and / or by supplying a nitrogen-containing salt, such as lithium nitride, into the molten salt electrolyte. Similarly, the negatively charged hydrogen-containing species in the electrolyte may be produced by reducing hydrogen gas at the cathode and / or by supplying a hydrogen-containing salt, such as lithium hydride, into the molten salt electrolyte.

Systems and methods are described for a chemical reaction synthesis of films, coatings or layers using surfactants. A method includes providing a surfactant as an impurity within at least one of a first precursor layer that is coupled to a first substrate and a second precursor layer that is coupled to a second substrate; forming a composition layer; and moving the first substrate relative to the second substrate, wherein the composition layer remains coupled to the second substrate. The first precursor layer includes a first chemical reactant, the second precursor layer includes a second chemical reactant, and the composition layer includes a chemical product yielded by a chemical reaction between the first chemical reactant and the second chemical reactant.

A system and process for gas homogenization is disclosed. This has application in the areas of generation of gas and its conversion to electricity in downstream applications. The homogenization system minimizes variance in the gas characteristics (composition, flow, pressure, temperature), thereby rendering a steady stream of gas of consistent quality to the downstream machinery. This homogenization system can be adjusted to optimize the output gas stream for specific end-applications, or to optimize the output gas stream for different input feedstocks. This ensures that overall conversion efficiencies are maximised while keeping the process cost-effective. Such a uniform, steady output gas stream has a wide range of applications in the broad areas of generation of electricity (e.g. using internal combustion engines and combustion turbine engines), chemical synthesis (e.g. of compounds such as ethanol, methanol, hydrogen, methane, carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons), fuel-cell technologies and in polygeneration processes (processes that result in co-production of electricity and synthetic fuels).

A method of synthesizing a polynucleotide which can, for example, be used during fabrication of an array. A second nucleoside is coupled to a first nucleoside through a phosphite linkage, with the second nucleoside having a hydroxyl protecting group that is a non-carbonate protecting group. The product of the foregoing step is exposed to a composition which both oxidizes the formed phosphite to a phosphate and deprotects the protected hydroxyl of the coupled nucleoside. The method has particular application to fabricating an addressable array of polynucleotides on a substrate which carries substrate bound moieties each with a hydroxyl group.

The invention aims at providing chemical synthesis and preparation of an aromatic heterocyclic pyridine and the analogs thereof to obtain derivatives and analogs of a plurality of series of aromatic heterocyclic pyridine and medicinal salts or salts having the following formulas or prodrugs, and the preparation, a pharmacologically activity experimental method and pharmacologically activity thereof are provided. The definitions of dotted line, ring A, ring B, X1, X2, X3, X4, R1, R2 and R3 in formula I are shown in the description. The invention provides the aromatic heterocyclic pyridine derivatives and analogue with antibacterial and antifungal activities, also provides the application thereof as antibacterial and antifungal drugs and the application thereof in concomitant use with other known antibacterial and antifungal drugs and with drugs for curing bacteria infection coupled with various complicating diseases such as inflammation, virus, immune system diseases and the like, and also provides the preparation method of the aromatic heterocyclic pyridine analogs.

The objective of the present invention is to confer pest resistance to plants of Poaceae without using any chemically synthesized pesticides. The pest resistance can be conferred to plants of Poaceae by isolating from a natural plant an endophytic bacterium capable of expressing pest resistance, artificially culturing the endophytic bacterium, and introducing the bacteria to a Poaceae plant of interest.

Systems and methods are disclosed for generating a proton removing agent and an acidic solution in a low voltage electrochemical system and utilizing the proton removing agent to sequester carbon dioxide from a waste gas in a carbon dioxide sequestration system and utilizing the acidic solution to catalyze at least one step of a chemical syntheses in combination with a plant based material.

This invention provides novel high density memory devices that are electrically addressable permitting effective reading and writing, that provide a high memory density (e.g., 1015 bits / cm3), that provide a high degree of fault tolerance, and that are amenable to efficient chemical synthesis and chip fabrication. The devices are intrinsically latchable, defect tolerant, and support destructive or non-destructive read cycles. In a preferred embodiment, the device comprises a fixed electrode electrically coupled to a storage medium having a multiplicity of different and distinguishable oxidation states wherein data is stored in said oxidation states by the addition or withdrawal of one or more electrons from said storage medium via the electrically coupled electrode.