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A method for joining bodies by melting down a joining element. The joining element acts on a surface of one of the bodies and penetrates the surface as a result of a directed force. Once in a penetrated condition, a mechanical excitation is generated such that during further penetration of the joining element into the one body, the advance is maintained through the directed force and the melting down is maintained through the mechanical excitation. Molten or melted material is hydraulically displaced into the bodies.

A method for joining bodies by melting down a joining element. The joining element acts on a surface of one of the bodies and penetrates the surface as a result of a directed force. Once in a penetrated condition, a mechanical excitation is generated such that during further penetration of the joining element into the one body, the advance is maintained through the directed force and the melting down is maintained through the mechanical excitation. Molten or melted material is hydraulically displaced into the bodies.

A method of separation and recovery of elements from radioactive liquid wastes, includes a step of bringing into contact a high-level radioactive liquid waste containing separation target elements including Americium, Curium, Zirconium, Molybdenum, Palladium and rare earth elements with solid absorbent containing organophosphorus compounds so that the separation target elements are absorbed in the solid absorbent, a step of bringing into contact the solid absorbent with an acidic solution containing diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid so that Americium, Curium, Zirconium, Molybdenum, Palladium and heavy rare earth elements are eluted from the solid absorbent, and a step of bringing into contact the solid absorbent underwent the first elution step with water or dilute nitric acid so that light rare earth elements are eluted from the solid absorbent. With the method, elements, which include Americium, Curium, Zirconium, Molybdenum, Palladium and rare earth elements, are efficiently and economically separated and recovered from the radioactive liquid waste.

A process for making fibrillated fibers includes preparing a fluid suspension of fibers, low shear refining the fibers at a first shear rate to create fibrillated fibers having a reduced CSF, and subsequently higher shear refining the fibers at a second shear rate, higher than the first shear rate, to increase the degree of fibrillation of the fibers. The refining at the first shear rate may be with a rotor at a first maximum shear rate and the refining at the second shear rate may be with a rotor at a second maximum shear rate, higher than the first maximum shear rate. The process may further include pre-treating the fibers by high shear refining with impact to stress the fibers prior to low shear refining.