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28545 results about "Electrolysis" patented technology

In chemistry and manufacturing, electrolysis is a technique that uses a direct electric current (DC) to drive an otherwise non-spontaneous chemical reaction. Electrolysis is commercially important as a stage in the separation of elements from naturally occurring sources such as ores using an electrolytic cell. The voltage that is needed for electrolysis to occur is called the decomposition potential.

Electrochemical analyte sensor

An electrochemical analyte sensor having conductive traces on a substrate is used to determine a level of analyte in in vitro or in vivo analyte-containing fluids. The electrochemical analyte sensor includes a substrate and conductive material disposed on the substrate, the conductive material forming a working electrode. In some sensors, the conductive material is disposed in recessed channels formed in a surface of the sensor. An electron transfer agent and / or catalyst may be provided to facilitate the electrolysis of the analyte or of a second compound whose level depends on the level of the analyte. A potential is formed between the working electrode and a reference electrode or counter / reference electrode and the resulting current is a function of the concentration of the analyte in the fluid.
Owner:ABBOTT DIABETES CARE INC

Apparatus and method for creating, maintaining, and controlling a virtual electrode used for the ablation of tissue

The present invention provides an apparatus and a method for producing a virtual electrode within or upon a tissue to be treated with radio frequency alternating electric current, such tissues including but not limited to brain, liver, cardiac, prostate, breast, and vascular tissues and neoplasms. An apparatus in accordance with the present invention includes a source of super-cooled fluid for selectively providing super-cooled fluid to the target tissue to cause a temporary cessation of cellular or electrical activity, a supply of conductive or electrolytic fluid to be provided to the target tissue, and alternating current generator, and a processor for creating, maintaining, and controlling the ablation process by the interstitial or surficial delivery of the fluid to a tissue and the delivery of electric power to the tissue via the virtual electrode. A method in accord with the present invention includes delivering super-cooled fluid to the target tissue to cause a temporary cessation of cellular or electrical activity, evaluating whether the temporary cessation of cellular or electrical activity is the desired cessation of cellular or electrical activity, and if so, delivering a conductive fluid to the predetermined tissue ablation site for a predetermined time period, applying a predetermined power level of radio frequency current to the tissue, monitoring at least one of several parameters, and adjusting either the applied power and / or the fluid flow in response to the measured parameters.
Owner:MEDTRONIC INC

Catalysis and micro-electrolysis combined technology for high-concentration refractory organic wastewater

The invention relates to a catalysis and micro-electrolysis combined technology for high-concentration refractory organic wastewater; the organic wastewater is collected to an adjusting tank and enters an air floatation tank for air floatation treatment to remove part of the organic matters after the adjustment of water volume and water quality; the scruff is collected or recovered; the wastewatergoes through Ph adjustment and then enters a catalytic iron-carbon and micro-electrolysis unit to improve the biochemical quality; the effluent goes through Ph adjustment and then enters a sedimentation tank; the effluent of the sedimentation tank adopts anoxic-aerobic biochemistry treatment to remove the organic matters and ammonia nitrogen and then is emitted after reaching the standard; and the filler of the catalytic iron-carbon and micro-electrolysis unit comprises iron, carbon and a catalyst, wherein the mass ratio of the iron, carbon and catalyst is 1: (0.3-1.5): (0.01-0.5). The invention can effectively improve the micro-electrolysis electrochemical reaction efficiency and the degrading capability to the organic matters, and reduce the wastewater treatment cost with convenient technological operation.
Owner:CENT SOUTH UNIV

Electrochemical device for moving particles covered with protein

An electrochemical device for moving particles covered with a protein is provided. The device includes at least two electrodes that are in contact with a liquid containing the protein-covered particles and a circuit that generates a potential difference in a range that does not cause electrolysis of the liquid between the electrodes. The particles are moved by electrophoresis in the direction of the arrangement of the electrodes. The invention provided herein has numerous applications, including use in a microorganism concentration condensing device, a blood component induction device, and / or a blood component induction method, and / or an electric appliance that decreases the concentration of microorganisms present on the surface of a heat exchanger.
Owner:PANASONIC CORP

Process for the production of electrolyte capacitors of high nominal voltage

The invention relates to a process for the production of electrolyte capacitors having a low equivalent series resistance and low residual current for high nominal voltages, electrolyte capacitors produced by this process and the use of such electrolyte capacitors.
Owner:HERAEUS PRECIOUS METALS GMBH & CO KG

Methods and devices for the production of Hydrocarbons from Carbon and Hydrogen sources

Devices and methods are described for converting a carbon source and a hydrogen source into hydrocarbons, such as alcohols, for alternative energy sources. The influents may comprise carbon dioxide gas and hydrogen gas or water, obtainable from the atmosphere for through methods described herein, such as plasma generation or electrolysis. One method to produce hydrocarbons comprises the use of an electrolytic device, comprising an anode, a cathode and an electrolyte. Another method comprises the use of ultrasonic energy to drive the reaction. The devices and methods and related devices and methods are useful, for example, to provide a fossil fuel alternative energy source, store renewable energy, sequester carbon dioxide from the atmosphere, counteract global warming, and store carbon dioxide in a liquid fuel.
Owner:PRINCIPLE ENERGY SOLUTIONS

Oxidative reductive potential water solution and process for producing same

An oxidative reduction potential water solution that is stable for at least twenty-four hours. The invention also relates to an ORP water solution comprising anode water and cathode water. Another aspect of the invention is an apparatus for producing an ORP water solution comprising at least two electrolysis cells, wherein each cell comprises an anode chamber, cathode chamber and salt solution chamber located between the anode and cathode chambers, wherein the anode chamber is separated from the salt solution chamber by an anode electrode and a first membrane, and the cathode chamber is separated from the salt solution chamber by a cathode electrode and a second membrane.
Owner:SONOMA PHARMA INC

Active metal electrolyzer

Electro-winning of active metal (e.g., lithium) ions from a variety of sources including industrial waste, and recycled lithium and lithium-ion batteries is accomplished with an electrolyzer having a protected cathode that is stable against aggressive solvents, including water, aqueous electrolytes, acid, base, and a broad range of protic and aprotic solvents. The electrolyzer has a highly ionically conductive protective membrane adjacent to the alkali metal cathode that effectively isolates (de-couples) the alkali metal electrode from solvent, electrolyte processing and / or cathode environments, and at the same time allows ion transport in and out of these environments. Isolation of the cathode from other components of a battery cell or other electrochemical cell in this way allows the use of virtually any solvent, electrolyte and / or anode material in conjunction with the cathode. The electrolyzer can be configured and operated to claim or reclaim lithium or other active metals from such sources.
Owner:POLYPLUS BATTERY CO INC

Removing carbon dioxide from waste streams through co-generation of carbonate and/or bicarbonate minerals

ActiveUS20060185985A1Improve ecologic efficiency of processEcologic efficiencyCalcium/strontium/barium carbonatesElectrolysis componentsElectrolysisWaste stream
Apparatuses and methods for removing carbon dioxide and other pollutants from a gas stream are provided. The methods include obtaining hydroxide in an aqueous mixture, and mixing the hydroxide with the gas stream to produce carbonate and / or bicarbonate. Some of the apparatuses of the present invention comprise an electrolysis chamber for providing hydroxide and mixing equipment for mixing the hydroxide with a gas stream including carbon dioxide to form an admixture including carbonate and / or bicarbonate.
Owner:CARBONFREE CHEM HLDG LLC

Implantable medical device having flat electrolytic capacitor fabricated with laser welded anode sheets

Implantable medical devices (IMDs) and components, including flat electrolytic capacitors and methods of making and using same, particularly an improved electrolytic capacitor fabricated of an electrode stack assembly comprising a plurality of capacitor layers stacked in registration upon one another. Each capacitor layer comprises a valve metal cathode layer having a cathode tab, a valve metal anode layer having an anode tab, and a separator layer located between the cathode layers. The anode layer is assembled from a plurality of valve metal anode sheets that are etched and anodized, stacked side-by-side, and electrically and mechanically joined together by laser weld beads. A valve metal anode tab having a thickness equal to one or more anode sheet is inserted into a tab notch in one or more stacked anode sheet and joined to the anode sheet stack by laser welding the tab and sheet edges together.
Owner:MEDTRONIC INC

Multielectrode electrosurgical instrument

An improved electrosurgical instrument and method is disclosed for simplifying making incisions and other treatments using electrosurgery. The electrosurgical instrument comprises a body having more than two electrodes with at least two electrodes having alternating current power supplied to them such that they comprise a bipolar alternating current configuration and employ a means other than electrode spacing, composition, or geometry for reducing or preventing accumulation of eschar that would otherwise form a short circuit current path and interfere with obtaining a predetermined surgical effect. In one aspect, such means for reducing or preventing eschar accumulation consists of at least one other electrode having a direct current voltage between it and at least one of the two electrodes forming the alternating current bipolar configuration. In another aspect of the invention two or more pairs of alternating current electrodes comprising bipolar electrodes are powered with alternating current having a nonzero RMS voltage sufficient to at least reduce eschar accumulations on one electrode or induce electrolysis of at least one component of a medium surrounding at least one pair of bipolar electrodes. The electrodes are separated from each other using electrically insulating materials such that electric current does not flow between at least two of the bipolar alternating current electrodes unless they contact at least one other electrically conductive medium, such as patient tissue or a medium comprising at least in part a solid, liquid, gas, or ionized component that allows electric current to flow between electrodes. In the aspect where at least one electrode is powered by direct current the electrodes are configured such that electrical current does not flow between at least one of the bipolar alternating current electrodes and at least one of the direct current electrodes unless one or more media, such as patient tissue or a medium comprising at least in part a solid, liquid, gas, or ionized component that allows electric current to flow between electrodes, are contacting or adjacent to the electrodes having a direct current voltage difference between them. The assembly comprised of the electrodes and the separating insulating materials may also employ one or more means to reduce the current flowing between them that does not produce a desired predetermined surgical effect with one aspect of such means being using an outer insulating coating configured such that one or more portions of at least one of the bipolar alternating current electrodes are insulated while leaving exposed other portions of such insulated electrodes so that they are capable of being in electrical communication with tissue or at least one material in electrical communication with tissue.
Owner:COLORADO FUND I L P ON ITS OWN BEHALF & AS OF BOTH AGENT FOR AND COLLATERAL AGENT FOR SERIES A 1 STOCKHOLDERS & AWEIDA VENTURE PARTNERS

Plasma formed in a fluid

A method and apparatus for generating plasma in a fluid. The fluid (3) is placed in a bath (2) having a pair of spaced electrodes (4, 6) forming a cathode and an anode. A stream of bubbles is introduced or generated within the fluid adjacent to the cathode. A potential difference is applied across the cathode and anode such that a glow discharge is formed in the bubble region and a plasma of ionized gas molecules is formed within the bubbles. The plasma may then be used in electrolysis, gas production, effluent treatment or sterilization, mineral extraction, production of nanoparticles or material enhancement. The method can be carried out at atmospheric pressure and room temperature. The electrodes may carry means to trap the bubbles in close proximity. Partitions may be present between the electrodes.
Owner:CHANG CHAK MAN THOMAS

System for Producing and Supplying Hydrogen and Sodium Chlorate, Comprising a Sodium Chloride Electrolyser for Producing Sodium Chlorate

A system is provided for producing hydrogen and oxygen based on decomposition of sodium chlorate (NaClO3). In a service station, NaClO3 is produced by a sodium chloride (NaCl) electrolyser. The service station is supplied with water (H2O), NaCl, and energy in order to carry out an electrolysis reaction in the electroyser, to produce NaClO3 and gaseous hydrogen (H2). The NaClO3 and H2 are supplied to vehicles. Each vehicle includes a reactor for decomposing the NaClO3 and producing reaction products of NaCl and oxygen, with the oxygen being supplied to a fuel cell.
Owner:MICHELIN & CO CIE GEN DES ESTAB MICHELIN

Methods and devices for electrosurgery

Devices and methods for electrolytic electrosurgery wherein a detector is located proximal to an active electrode on an electrosurgical probe, optionally disposed between the active electrode and a return electrode, the detector detecting at least on parameter relating to electrolysis. The detected parameter can include pH concentration, temperature, conductivity, impedance, ion, concentration, electrolytic gas consumption, electrolytic gas production, pressure or sound. The detected parameter can be employed in control systems to control systems to control activation or operation of the electrosurgical probe.
Owner:NUORTHO SURGICAL

System and Method for Generating Hydrogen Gas

A hydrogen gas generation system is provided for use in a mobile vehicle. The mobile vehicle may be for example, a car or truck or other vehicle such as a balloon, dirigible, airship, ship, or boat. The vehicle has an on-board hydrogen generator for generating hydrogen gas, preferably using an electrolysis process. The hydrogen produced by the electrolysis process is stored in an on-board hydrogen storage tank. Hydrogen from the storage tank is flowed into a vehicle propulsion system where the hydrogen gas is consumed to provide power to propel the vehicle. An on-board electrical generation system provides at least some of the electricity for the electrolysis process. In one example, the vehicle has an on-board electrical generator for providing electricity for the electrolysis process. The on-board electric generation system may be, for example, a solar photovoltaic cell system, a wind turbine generator system, or a regenerative braking generator, for example. Depending on the particular electrical generation process or processes used, the vehicle may generate hydrogen gas when moving, when coasting or braking, or when long-term parked.
Owner:CENESTRA

Regenerative fuel cell technology

For a mobile fuel cell system a narrow-gap modular approach allows reforming to be performed in the same architecture as the fuel cell. A regenerative fuel cell operates much like a battery using electrical power to produce hydrogen and oxygen. The preferred mode of using the regenerative fuel cell is as a battery charger since this application is able to use a much smaller fuel cell than is required to power the vehicle. A novel equilibrating tank between the electrolysis oxygen and hydrogen tanks allows pressurized oxygen and hydrogen to be used without mechanical compression equipment.
Owner:SUPPES GALEN J

Electrolysis of carbon dioxide in aqueous media to carbon monoxide and hydrogen for production of methanol

An environmentally beneficial method of producing methanol from varied sources of carbon dioxide including flue gases of fossil fuel burning power plants, industrial exhaust gases or the atmosphere itself. Converting carbon dioxide by an electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide in a divided electrochemical cell that includes an anode in one cell compartment and a metal cathode electrode in another cell compartment that also contains an aqueous solution comprising methanol and an electrolyte of one or more alkyl ammonium halides, alkali carbonates or combinations thereof to produce therein a reaction mixture containing carbon monoxide and hydrogen which can be subsequently used to produce methanol while also producing oxygen in the cell at the anode.
Owner:UNIV OF SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA

Organic electrolyte capacitor

There is provided an organic electrolyte capacitor having electrodes on current collectors that have holes penetrating the front and rear surfaces, in which electrode materials formed an the through-holes of the current collectors seldom fall off and high energy density and high power density can be obtained. The organic electrolyte capacitor includes positive electrodes, negative electrodes and an electrolyte capable of transferring lithium ions, in which the positive electrodes contain a substance capable of carrying lithium ions and / or anions reversibly as a positive electrode active material, the negative electrodes contain a substance capable of carrying lithium ions as a negative electrode active material, the positive and negative electrodes possess the positive or negative electrode active material layers on an electrode substrate that has conductive layers made of conductive materials on current collectors, which have through-holes, and the negative electrodes carry lithium electrochemically.
Owner:SUBARU CORP

Hybrid Cycle Electrolysis Power System with Hydrogen & Oxygen Energy Storage

A method for generating power comprising the steps of feeding water into an electrolyzer, providing electricity to operate the electrolyzer to split at least some of the water into hydrogen and oxygen, and decompressing one or both of the hydrogen and oxygen to generate power. Water can be pressurized prior to being fed into the electrolyzer. The hydrogen and oxygen, which can be stored in insulated storage vessels, can be decompressed isentropically to yield energy, which can be used to power a generator. Heat can be extracted from the hydrogen and oxygen, such as through heat exchangers. Hydrogen and oxygen can combine in an internal combustion process to produce work and heat, which can be recycled into the thermodynamic process.
Owner:RUSSO MICHAEL
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