2422 results about "Reference electrode" patented technology

The invention belongs to the technical field of medical electronic equipment, and discloses a control system for alternative electrical stimulation of idiopathic tremor, and the system comprises a signal collection module which is used for obtaining tremor motion data of a patient in real time; the signal processing module is used for analyzing tremor frequency, amplitude and phase characteristics; the dynamic parameter generation module is used for generating an alternate stimulation mode according to the tremor characteristics; and the electrode array module comprises at least two stimulating electrodes and a reference electrode. The invention provides a non-invasive and dynamically optimized alternate electrical stimulation control system which is used for inhibiting hand tremor of an idiopathic tremor patient, regulation and control of a tremor network can be enhanced by alternately stimulating different peripheral nerves, the curative effect can be improved through closed-loop feedback optimization parameters, long-acting and safe tremor inhibition is achieved, and the treatment effect is improved. The problems of insufficient curative effect, nerve adaptability, surgical risk and the like in the prior art are solved.

The invention relates to the technical field of blood potassium detection, in particular to a blood potassium detection paper-based sensor and a preparation method and application thereof.The sensor is obtained by integrating a substrate, a sensing electrode and a whole blood microfluid channel, and the sensing electrode is located between the substrate and the whole blood microfluid channel; the whole blood microfluid channel comprises a serum diffusion area, a whole blood separation area positioned above the serum diffusion area and a blood potassium detection area positioned below the serum diffusion area; a blood separation membrane is also arranged in the whole blood separation area; the substrate is qualitative filter paper, and the sensing electrode comprises an all-solid-state PBA working electrode and an Ag / AgCl reference electrode; compared with the prior art, calibration is not needed when potassium ions in whole blood are detected, the whole blood sample can be directly used, centrifugal separation is not needed, the detection speed is increased, the hemolysis problem of the whole blood sample in blood potassium detection can be avoided, and the detection sensitivity, accuracy and stability are further improved.

The invention relates to a flow battery charge state detection device and method, and is applied to the technical field of flow batteries. Compared with the prior art, the reference detection cavity connected with the bipolar plate is formed, the reference electrolyte can be replaced and supplemented without arranging a reference electrolyte storage tank, the adaptability of the detection device is improved, and the reference detection cavity corresponds to the positive electrolyte detection cavity and / or the negative electrolyte detection cavity, so that the detection efficiency is improved. A reference electrode is arranged in a reference detection cavity, the potential deviation of a reference electrolyte can be detected and calibrated in real time, and a calibration voltage value of the reference detection cavity is obtained, so that the potential of a positive electrode electrolyte relative to the reference electrode, the potential of a negative electrode electrolyte relative to the reference electrode and the calibration voltage value are used for calibrating the potential deviation of the reference electrolyte. The concentration of each valence ion is calculated on line through a multi-parameter empirical formula, and the charge state of the flow battery is obtained in real time through the concentration of each valence ion, so that the detection error is reduced, the detection sensitivity is improved, and the real-time monitoring precision of the charge state is improved.

The invention discloses a high-precision foundation pit support leakage potential measurement system and method, an electrode matrix, an electric field establishment module, a reference electrode, a multi-channel electric signal parallel measurement device and a data processing terminal are arranged in a foundation pit, and the outer side of a non-polarized electrode of the electrode matrix is filled with bentonite slurry; the bentonite slurry can infiltrate the contact part of the non-polarized electrode and a foundation pit soil body so as to change the property of the soil body, so that the contact potential of the electrode matrix and the soil body is controlled, the measurement error is reduced, meanwhile, an ion concentration meter and a temperature sensor are arranged in the non-polarized electrode and the reference electrode of the electrode matrix respectively, and the measurement accuracy is improved. The data processing terminal can correct the potential difference according to the electrode temperature and the ion concentration of the non-polarized electrode and the reference electrode temperature and the reference ion concentration of the reference electrode to calibrate the electrode range caused by the temperature and the ion concentration, so that the real potential difference of the foundation pit is obtained, and the measurement precision is effectively improved. And the accuracy and reliability of a foundation pit leakage detection result are improved.

The invention discloses a flexible touch sensor capable of distinguishing a force direction and a preparation method thereof. The sensor comprises a force loading layer, a force amplification block, a test electrode, a piezoresistive layer, a reference electrode and a substrate, the piezoresistive layer is of a micro-pyramid structure; the bottom surface of the force loading layer is fixedly connected with the force amplification block and the substrate respectively; the piezoresistive layer is cross-shaped and is arranged between the reference electrode and the test electrode; the test electrode is of a cross-shaped structure, and the tail part of each channel forms an electrode of the sensor; the piezoresistive layer is tightly attached to the reference electrode and the test electrode respectively; the force amplification blocks are distributed corresponding to the four channels of the test electrode; a wire hole is formed in the substrate, and a wire of the reference electrode penetrates out of the wire hole. According to the invention, high-sensitivity detection of shear forces and normal pressures in different directions is realized, and simultaneous detection of directions and magnitudes of forces is realized.

The invention discloses a temperature correction method of a chloride ion sensor, which comprises the following steps of: S1, arranging a micro array type chloride ion sensor of a pre-embedded concrete protective layer in an array mode, and determining an acquisition scheme; s2, carrying out anomaly detection on a MnO2 reference electrode in the micro array chloride ion sensor; s3, correcting an acquired potential value of the micro array type chloride ion sensor; s4, according to the Nernst potential-concentration logarithm linear relation, determining various coefficients of the standard equation under the control temperature in the concrete; and S5, determining a temperature compensation coefficient according to the Nernst potential-concentration logarithm linear relationship. And S6, calculating the concentration distribution condition of chloride ions at different depths in the concrete by using the sensor potential after temperature compensation. According to the invention, the influence of temperature on the measurement result of the chloride ion sensor can be effectively compensated, the potential abnormal interference in the measurement process of the sensor is effectively overcome, and the precision and reliability of the sensor are improved.

A catheter includes: (a) a shaft for insertion into a heart of a patient, (b) an expandable distal-end assembly, which is coupled to the shaft and is configured to make contact with tissue of the heart, (c) at least first and second electrocardiogram (ECG) electrodes, which are coupled to an outer surface of the expandable distal-end assembly, and when placed in contact with the tissue, are configured to sense ECG signals in the tissue, and (d) a reference electrode, which is positioned within an inner volume of the distal-end assembly, and in an expanded position of the distal-end assembly, the reference electrode: (i) has no physical contact with the tissue, and (ii) is positioned at a first distance from the first ECG electrode and at a second distance from the second ECG electrode, and the difference between the first and second distances is smaller than a predefined threshold.

The invention discloses a method for testing the cycle performance of a hard carbon negative electrode material and application, and belongs to the technical field of sodium-ion batteries. The method for testing the cycle performance of the hard carbon negative electrode material comprises the following steps: S1, preparing a to-be-tested hard carbon material into a negative electrode plate, laminating a positive electrode plate, a diaphragm, the negative electrode plate and a reference electrode, and injecting an electrolyte to prepare a three-electrode battery; s2, discharging the three-electrode battery to a cut-off voltage at a current of 0.5-1 C, and then discharging the three-electrode battery to the cut-off voltage at a current of 0.01-0.1 C; and S3, charging the three-electrode battery, and recording the minimum potential value of the negative electrode relative to the reference electrode and the SOC of the corresponding battery when the potential of the negative electrode is zero. According to the test method provided by the invention, the three-electrode battery is used for testing, the reference electrode is introduced to monitor the real potential of the negative electrode in the charging process of the battery, and the cycle performance of the hard carbon negative electrode material is judged according to the lowest potential of the negative electrode, so that the test period is shortened, and the research and development time of the sodium ion battery is saved.

A catheter includes a shaft having a distal-end and an expandable distal-end assembly configured for insertion into a cavity of an organ of a patient. The expanded assembly defines an inner volume and includes (i) a proximal base section configured to couple the assembly to the shaft's distal-end, (ii) a plurality of functional electrodes that are at least partially external to the inner volume and configured to be placed in contact with wall tissue of the cavity, and (iii) a reference ring electrode located on the proximal base section of the assembly externally to the inner volume, wherein the reference ring electrode is selectively positioned outside of the inner volume at the base section, and wherein the reference ring electrode is configured to be coupled with each of the plurality of functional electrodes for generating an electric field between each of the plurality of functional electrodes and the ring electrode.

The invention discloses an all-solid-state calibration-free ion concentration detection method. The method comprises the following steps: constructing a plurality of traditional three-electrode detection systems; in each traditional three-electrode detection system, current and impedance signals are synchronously acquired through a step potential electrochemical spectrum and an electrochemical impedance spectrum, and interface kinetic parameters are analyzed; on the basis of a traditional three-electrode detection system, an original reference electrode is removed, a counter electrode is reserved, all glassy carbon electrodes with gradient membrane volumes are connected in series one by one to obtain a new three-electrode detection system, the new three-electrode detection system is immersed in a to-be-detected solution, a preset potential is applied, and through transient current response in combination with calibrated kinetic parameters, the gradient membrane volumes of the glassy carbon electrodes are detected. And performing inversion to obtain the ion concentration of the to-be-detected solution. According to the method, automatic calibration is realized by analyzing interface process kinetic parameters of different-volume film ion selective electrodes and calculating the slope to generate a built-in standard curve. According to the method, interface process parameters are obtained through transient current, and dependence of a traditional detection system on the stable potential of a reference electrode is eliminated.

The open type in-situ electrochemical reaction tank comprises a reaction tank main body and a connecting assembly, an open type electrolyte cavity is arranged above the reaction tank main body, and a base for mounting a working electrode is arranged below the reaction tank main body; a through objective lens hole is formed between the electrolyte cavity and the base, and a reference electrode jack is formed in the side wall of the electrolyte cavity; a working electrode lead hole is formed in the side wall of the base, and an O-shaped gasket groove, a silica gel gasket groove and a working electrode fixing screw hole are formed in the bottom of the base. The reaction tank disclosed by the invention can realize in-situ electrochemical spectrum detection by connecting an electrochemical workstation, is small in volume, simple in mounting method, convenient to clean, high in quality of collected spectrum signals, acid-base-resistant and wide in application range, not only can be adaptive to upright and inverted micro-Raman spectrum systems, but also can ensure the accuracy of electrochemical spectrum test, and is suitable for large-scale popularization and application. The reaction mechanism can be deeply understood, the reaction conditions can be optimized, and the research quality can be improved.

The invention discloses an immunosensor for detecting cytokine interferon gamma through electrochemiluminescence as well as a preparation method and application of the immunosensor. The immunosensor comprises a three-electrode system consisting of an immunoelectrode, a reference electrode and a counter electrode, the immunoelectrode is a VMSF modified electrode confined to cerium dioxide nano enzyme and platinum nano particles, and is obtained by covalently immobilizing an IFN-gamma antibody and closing a non-specific site; when the immunosensor is used for detection, a solution containing luminol is used as an electrolyte. The CeO2 and the PtNPs which are confined in the nano channel show a remarkable synergistic catalysis effect. Compared with direct modification on a plate electrode, CeO2-PtNPs has higher catalytic activity and stability. The sensor provided by the invention is used for INF-gamma detection, has the advantages of high sensitivity, low detection limit and wide detection range, does not need complex pretreatment and separation processes during detection, reduces the detection cost, is simple to operate, and is suitable for large-scale application.

The invention belongs to the technical field of metal surface treatment, and relates to a preparation method of a metal surface lattice passivation corrosion-resistant film, which comprises the following steps of: polishing and cleaning a metal surface, constructing a three-electrode system, and applying cathode voltage to the metal to carry out surface modification treatment so as to realize metal surface lattice reconstruction, thereby obtaining the metal surface lattice passivation corrosion-resistant film. A compact adsorption layer of corrosion inhibition molecules is formed; the three-electrode system comprises metal as a working electrode, a platinum sheet as an auxiliary electrode and silver / silver chloride or saturated calomel as a reference electrode. According to the method, metal surface lattice reconstruction is achieved through cathode voltage treatment, the technical thought of traditional anodic oxidation is subverted, the passive film forms a regular lattice structure, defects in the film are greatly reduced, permeation of a corrosion medium is effectively blocked, and the corrosion resistance of metal is remarkably improved.

The invention provides a flow battery energy storage power station full life cycle health degree assessment management method. The method comprises the following steps: constructing an initial health reference library, collecting electrochemical parameters through a reference electrode, collecting electrolyte physical parameters and environmental parameters through a sensor, synchronously recording operation and maintenance data, and carrying out time-space synchronization processing; introducing a hierarchical fusion assessment mechanism, assessing data integrity and constructing an attention mechanism model, calculating a dynamic weight according to a parameter relative change rate and a health degree correlation coefficient, generating a weighted feature vector, and predicting a short-term health degree index by adopting a bidirectional long-short-term memory network Bi-LSTM; a particle filter (PF) algorithm is introduced to be combined with a physical parameter drift distance to correct a long-term health degree index, and then a real-time health degree index is output through fuzzy comprehensive evaluation. The method can achieve the linkage evaluation of the health state in the operation period and the full life cycle trend, corrects the long-term SOH through the PF algorithm in combination with the physical parameter drift distance, and reduces the error of long-term prediction.

A method of indicating movement of a receiving electrode of a distal end assembly with respect to a tissue cavity wall, the method including using a distal end assembly including a plurality of electrodes arranged on the distal end assembly configuration, transmitting an AC signal between one or more reference electrode(s) and a plurality of receiving electrodes attached to a plurality of splines, calculating a plurality of impedance values over time based on a received signal at each one of the receiving electrodes, calculating a gradient over time of the impedance values at the receiving electrodes, dynamically rendering a virtual representation of the distal end assembly on a display, including virtual representations of the plurality of receiving electrodes, and dynamically adjusting a graphical feature of at least one of the receiving electrodes displayed based on the calculated gradient over time of the impedance. Related apparatus and methods are also described.

The invention discloses a microelectrode structure and a manufacturing method thereof and a sensor, the microelectrode structure comprises a flexible substrate and a microelectrode system arranged on the surface of the flexible substrate, the microelectrode system comprises a counter electrode, a working electrode and a reference electrode, and electrode units are horizontally laid on the upper surface and the lower surface of the flexible substrate. The electrode units on the upper surface and the lower surface of the flexible substrate respectively comprise at least one of a counter electrode, a working electrode and a reference electrode, the electrode units on the upper surface of the flexible substrate form a first microelectrode system, and the electrode units on the lower surface of the flexible substrate form a second microelectrode system; or the electrode units on the upper surface and the lower surface of the flexible substrate jointly form a third microelectrode system. The electrodes are manufactured on the front side and the back side of the flexible substrate to form one or two microelectrode systems, the area of the microelectrodes is maximized on the limited surface of the substrate, and the detection precision is improved; double-channel double-substance monitoring, double-channel single-substance monitoring or single-channel single-substance monitoring can be achieved, and functional diversity is achieved.

The invention discloses an electrocatalytic oxidation method for highly selectively converting 5-hydroxymethylfurfural into 2, 5-furandicarboxylic acid by using a cobalt-nickel bimetallic catalyst, and belongs to the technical field of electrochemistry. Firstly, foamed nickel is pretreated; secondly, preparing a cobalt-nickel mixed solution, synthesizing the catalyst by adopting a solvothermal method, and characterizing the catalyst; and thirdly, preparing a three-electrode system by taking the cobalt-nickel catalyst as a working electrode, a spiral platinum wire electrode as a counter electrode, a Hg / HgO electrode as a reference electrode, an alkaline solution as an electrolyte and a Nafion 117 proton membrane as a diaphragm to realize conversion. And finally, testing the stability and cyclicity of the cobalt-nickel catalyst. Under the same potential, the material has the highest current density, the maximum electrochemical active area and the optimal charge transfer rate; the self-degradation of HMF can be effectively inhibited, the electrocatalytic oxidation has lower initial potential than the oxygen evolution reaction, and the electrode cycle stability is good; the method is simple in process, mild in condition and beneficial to industrial production.

The invention discloses a praseodymium-copper heterogeneous catalyst for synthesizing a multi-carbon alcohol product through efficient electroreduction of carbon dioxide and a preparation method of the praseodymium-copper heterogeneous catalyst. The praseodymium-copper heterogeneous catalyst is a composite material of praseodymium oxide and copper oxide, and praseodymium, copper and oxygen are uniformly distributed in the praseodymium-copper heterogeneous catalyst; the praseodymium oxide is an oxide with the praseodymium-oxygen molar ratio of 6: 11; the molar ratio of praseodymium to copper is not less than 2. The invention provides a method for preparing a multi-carbon alcohol product by electrocatalytic reduction of carbon dioxide, which comprises the following steps: by taking a mercury / mercuric oxide electrode as a reference electrode, a foamed nickel electrode as a counter electrode and a praseodymium-copper heterogeneous catalyst as a working electrode, carrying out electrochemical reduction in a gas diffusion type flowing electrolytic tank to obtain the multi-carbon alcohol product. The praseodymium-copper heterogeneous catalytic material is designed, and the interaction relationship between metal and a carrier and between the metal and the carrier and a reaction intermediate in the catalyst is adjusted by introducing the rare earth element praseodymium, so that the reaction activity and the target product selectivity are improved.

The reference electrode comprises at least one metal wire and an insulating adhesive layer, the metal wire comprises a first part and a second part, the first part comprises a bare metal wire and an insulating layer wrapping the outer surface of the bare metal wire, and the second part is the bare metal wire; the insulating adhesive layer extends along the first direction, and the first parts of all the metal wires are wrapped in the insulating adhesive layer. The first part of the metal wire is coated with the insulating glue layer, so that the tensile strength of the metal wire coated with the insulating glue layer is far higher than that of a single metal wire, the external reference electrode metal wire is not easy to pull apart in the battery manufacturing process, and the quality of the reference electrode is improved.

The invention discloses a micro-structure electrode flexible electrochemical sensor which comprises a flexible electrode substrate with a hemispherical array and three surface electrodes (a working electrode, a counter electrode and a reference electrode). The working electrode comprises a protruding metal array and a through hole array, protruding metal corresponds to the hemisphere array of the substrate, and the through hole array penetrates through the substrate. According to the sensor, the reaction area is increased through the three-dimensional structure, electron transfer is promoted, oxygen supply is guaranteed through the through hole array, the mechanical stability is enhanced through the flexible substrate and the structural design, and the sensor is suitable for wearable equipment.

A gas sensor includes a sensor element including an element body, a measurement pump cell being configured to pump out oxygen from surroundings of an inner measurement electrode to surroundings of an outer measurement electrode, and a measurement voltage detection sensor cell that detects a measurement voltage between a reference electrode and the inner measurement electrode, and a pump cell controller that executes a normal time measurement pump control process of pumping out oxygen in the measurement chamber during a normal operation time of the sensor element so that the measurement voltage reaches a normal time target value, and executes a start-up time measurement pump control process of pumping out oxygen in the measurement chamber at a start-up time of the sensor element earlier than the normal operation time so that the measurement voltage reaches a start-up time target value higher than the normal time target value.

The invention discloses a non-enzymatic uric acid electrochemical sensor based on quaternary ammonium salt modified MXene, a method and application, and belongs to the technical field of sensors. The preparation method comprises the following steps: preparing an MXene material through an etching method; the preparation method comprises the following steps: modifying an MXene material by adopting quaternary ammonium salt to obtain a modified MXene material; a working electrode is modified with the modified MXene material, a reference electrode and a counter electrode are combined to form a three-electrode system, and the non-enzymatic uric acid electrochemical sensor based on quaternary ammonium salt modified MXene is obtained. The prepared non-enzymatic uric acid electrochemical sensor is excellent in performance, high in sensitivity and low in detection limit; the linear range is wide and covers the human blood uric acid concentration range; the stability is good, and the influence by temperature and pH is avoided; the biological compatibility is good, the antibacterial property is good, and the toxicity is low. The sensor can realize rapid and quantitative detection of human blood uric acid concentration, has excellent detection performance, and has no obvious difference with the detection result of a large biochemical analysis instrument.

The invention relates to the technical field of electrolytic catalysts, in particular to an electrolytic seawater oxygen evolution catalyst suitable for industrial-grade electrolytic current density and a preparation method and application of the electrolytic seawater oxygen evolution catalyst. The invention discloses a preparation method of an electrolytic seawater oxygen evolution catalyst suitable for industrial-grade electrolytic current density, which comprises the following steps: S1, substrate pretreatment, S2, electroplating liquid preparation, S3, pre-catalyst preparation, S4, catalyst activation, taking the pre-catalyst obtained in the S3 as a working electrode, taking a carbon rod as a counter electrode, and taking the electroplating liquid as an electroplating liquid. A mercury / mercuric oxide electrode is used as a reference electrode, and the catalyst is obtained through repeated cyclic voltammetry activation. The seawater electrolysis oxygen evolution catalyst prepared in the invention has excellent catalytic activity, and can stably serve in alkaline real seawater for a long time with industrial-grade electrolysis current density.

The invention provides a non-invasive high-precision blood glucose sensor and a preparation method thereof. The blood glucose sensor comprises two symmetrical sensing areas prepared on a flexible substrate layer, each sensing area comprises a glucose sensor working electrode, a glucose sensor auxiliary electrode / reference electrode, a sodium ion sensor working electrode, a pH sensor working electrode and a sodium ion / pH sensor common reference electrode; the electrodes are distributed in an axial symmetry mode along the central axis of the sensor plane and are prepared through silk-screen printing. Due to the symmetrical structural design of the blood glucose sensor, the electrode polarity of the extraction electrode can be exchanged during two adjacent times of extraction so as to reduce electrode consumption and skin stimulation, the change of the extraction amount of intercellular fluid can be corrected by the integrated sodium ion and pH sensor, and therefore high-precision blood glucose monitoring is achieved.

A battery system includes a non-reference battery cell; a reference battery cell including a cathode, an anode, and a reference electrode; a potential measuring means configured to measure a reference potential of the anode relative to the reference electrode, of the reference battery cell, and to generate a signal corresponding to the reference potential; and a controlling means configured to receive the signal and to reduce, during a charging process of the battery system, a charging current applied to the battery system when the signal indicates that the reference potential is below a predetermined threshold voltage. The non-reference battery cell may be disposed at a first position in the battery system, and the reference battery cell may be disposed at a second position in the battery system, the second position being a position that has a lowest temperature, among the first and second positions, during the charging process.

The invention relates to a negative electrode material, a preparation method thereof and a lithium ion battery. A three-electrode battery composed of a negative electrode prepared from the negative electrode material as a working electrode, metal lithium as a reference electrode, metal lithium as a counter electrode and an electrolyte containing metal lithium ions is charged and discharged; obtaining a graph of the relationship between a differential value (dQ / dV) obtained by differentiating charge / discharge capacity (Q) with respect to the potential (V) of the working electrode on the basis of the reference electrode, and the potential (V) of the working electrode; in the graph of the relationship between dQ / dV and potential V, when the negative electrode material is energized in the lithium removal direction, the differential value dQ / dV of the potential V between 20 mV and 80 mV has a maximum peak value A, the differential value dQ / dV of the potential V between 120 mV and 210 mV has a maximum peak value B, and B / A < = 4. The negative electrode material provided by the invention can effectively inhibit volume expansion of the negative electrode material, and the cycle performance of the negative electrode material is improved.

The present invention discloses a high-precision foundation pit retaining wall leakage potential measurement system and method. An electrode matrix, an electric field establishment module, a reference electrode, a multi-channel electrical signal parallel measurement device and a data processing terminal are respectively arranged in the foundation pit. The outer side of the non-polarized electrode of the electrode matrix is ​​filled with bentonite slurry. The bentonite slurry can infiltrate the contact part between the non-polarized electrode and the foundation pit soil to change the properties of the soil, thereby controlling the contact potential between the electrode matrix and the soil and reducing the measurement error. At the same time, the non-polarized electrode and the reference electrode of the electrode matrix are respectively provided with an ion concentration meter and a temperature sensor. The data processing terminal can correct the potential difference according to the electrode temperature and ion concentration of the non-polarized electrode and the reference electrode temperature and reference ion concentration of the reference electrode to calibrate the electrode extreme difference caused by temperature and ion concentration, thereby obtaining the true potential difference of the foundation pit, thereby effectively improving the measurement accuracy and improving the accuracy and reliability of the foundation pit leakage detection results.

The invention provides a flexible electrochemical sensor, a preparation method and application. The flexible electrochemical sensor comprises a flexible substrate, three electrodes, a conductive strip, an external wire and a multi-cavity polypyrrole film, the three electrodes comprise a working electrode, a reference electrode and an auxiliary electrode and are printed on the flexible substrate; the conductive strip is connected with the three electrodes, the conductive strip is packaged through an insulating tape, and only working areas of the three electrodes are exposed; the external wire is pasted on the conductive strip through conductive silver adhesive. The multi-cavity polypyrrole film is modified on the surface of the working electrode. The technical problems that existing equipment is insufficient in portability, cannot meet the requirements of on-site rapid screening and real-time analysis of large-batch samples, and is difficult to realize on-site mobile detection are solved. The invention provides a feasible technical means for portable, mobile and on-site rapid detection of high-harm heavy metal ions such as Hg < 2 + > and Cd < 2 + >, and the method is simple to operate and extremely low in cost.

Method of reducing carbon dioxide to form one or more hydrocarbon products, the method comprising: providing an electrochemical cell comprising: a working electrode comprising a copper composite comprising a copper nanosheet array comprising a plurality of copper nanosheets, wherein the plurality of copper nanosheets comprise copper(100) facets; a counter electrode; optionally a reference electrode; and an electrolyte solution comprising an electrolyte and CO2, wherein the electrolyte solution is between and in contact with the working electrode, the counter electrode, and optionally the reference electrode; and applying an electric current between the working electrode and the counter electrode resulting in electrolytic reduction of the CO2 thereby forming the one or more hydrocarbon products.

The invention belongs to the technical field of material corrosive wear, and particularly discloses a multi-electrode electrochemical channel corrosive wear experimental device and an experimental method thereof.The multi-electrode electrochemical channel corrosive wear experimental device is characterized in that a computer and an electrochemical workstation are placed on a base, a solution box is slidably arranged above the base, and a reference electrode and a counter electrode are placed in the solution box; the sample fixing ring is movably installed in the solution box, a limiting mechanism used for fixing a plurality of metal samples is arranged on the sample fixing ring, a second cross beam is movably installed on the base, an adjusting mechanism is arranged on the second cross beam, and a plurality of first pressing rods and second pressing rods corresponding to the metal samples respectively are arranged on the adjusting mechanism; according to the experimental device, a plurality of working electrodes can be placed at the same time, the interval and the position of each working electrode can be adjusted, and corrosive wear electrochemical testing can be carried out on each working electrode independently or simultaneously.