1315 results about "Reference electrode" patented technology

The invention belongs to the technical field of medical electronic equipment, and discloses a control system for alternative electrical stimulation of idiopathic tremor, and the system comprises a signal collection module which is used for obtaining tremor motion data of a patient in real time; the signal processing module is used for analyzing tremor frequency, amplitude and phase characteristics; the dynamic parameter generation module is used for generating an alternate stimulation mode according to the tremor characteristics; and the electrode array module comprises at least two stimulating electrodes and a reference electrode. The invention provides a non-invasive and dynamically optimized alternate electrical stimulation control system which is used for inhibiting hand tremor of an idiopathic tremor patient, regulation and control of a tremor network can be enhanced by alternately stimulating different peripheral nerves, the curative effect can be improved through closed-loop feedback optimization parameters, long-acting and safe tremor inhibition is achieved, and the treatment effect is improved. The problems of insufficient curative effect, nerve adaptability, surgical risk and the like in the prior art are solved.

The invention provides a flow battery energy storage power station full life cycle health degree assessment management method. The method comprises the following steps: constructing an initial health reference library, collecting electrochemical parameters through a reference electrode, collecting electrolyte physical parameters and environmental parameters through a sensor, synchronously recording operation and maintenance data, and carrying out time-space synchronization processing; introducing a hierarchical fusion assessment mechanism, assessing data integrity and constructing an attention mechanism model, calculating a dynamic weight according to a parameter relative change rate and a health degree correlation coefficient, generating a weighted feature vector, and predicting a short-term health degree index by adopting a bidirectional long-short-term memory network Bi-LSTM; a particle filter (PF) algorithm is introduced to be combined with a physical parameter drift distance to correct a long-term health degree index, and then a real-time health degree index is output through fuzzy comprehensive evaluation. The method can achieve the linkage evaluation of the health state in the operation period and the full life cycle trend, corrects the long-term SOH through the PF algorithm in combination with the physical parameter drift distance, and reduces the error of long-term prediction.

The invention provides a flexible electrochemical sensor, a preparation method and application. The flexible electrochemical sensor comprises a flexible substrate, three electrodes, a conductive strip, an external wire and a multi-cavity polypyrrole film, the three electrodes comprise a working electrode, a reference electrode and an auxiliary electrode and are printed on the flexible substrate; the conductive strip is connected with the three electrodes, the conductive strip is packaged through an insulating tape, and only working areas of the three electrodes are exposed; the external wire is pasted on the conductive strip through conductive silver adhesive. The multi-cavity polypyrrole film is modified on the surface of the working electrode. The technical problems that existing equipment is insufficient in portability, cannot meet the requirements of on-site rapid screening and real-time analysis of large-batch samples, and is difficult to realize on-site mobile detection are solved. The invention provides a feasible technical means for portable, mobile and on-site rapid detection of high-harm heavy metal ions such as Hg < 2 + > and Cd < 2 + >, and the method is simple to operate and extremely low in cost.

The application discloses an electrochemiluminescence immunosensor for detecting interleukin-1 beta and a preparation method and application thereof, and comprises a three-electrode system of a working electrode, a reference electrode and a counter electrode; the working electrode is a modified electrode of CoAl layered double hydroxide, is loaded with platinum nanoparticles after being etched by alkali, and is obtained by fixing interleukin-1 beta antibodies and blocking non-specific sites; and a solution containing luminol is used as an electrolyte during detection of the immunosensor. The working electrode of the immunosensor takes oxygen-rich vacancy CoAl layered double hydroxide as a substrate, combines with platinum nanoparticles to realize EMSI effect, significantly enhances the electrochemiluminescence signal of a luminol-dissolved oxygen system, realizes quantitative detection of IL-1 beta by combining with specific antigen-antibody recognition, and has the characteristics of strong anti-interference ability, fast detection speed and good stability.

This disclosure relates to magnetic microgel beads, and in particular to magnetic microgel beads for biofunctionalization and methods of making and uses thereof, for example, in biosensing assays. In an embodiment, a magnetic microparticle comprising a magnetic nanoparticle encapsulated by a polymer hydrogel. In another embodiment, an assay for detecting the presence of a target analyte in a sample comprising a) the magnetic microparticle disclosed herein, wherein the biorecognition agent further comprises a reporter moiety; b) an electrochemical chip comprising a working electrode, a counter electrode and a reference electrode; and c) a capture probe functionalized on the working electrode; wherein binding of the biorecognition agent to the target analyte results in production of an electrochemical, electroluminescent or photoelectrochemical signal.

The invention relates to the technical field of fuel cell membrane electrode voltage distribution testing, in particular to a fuel cell membrane electrode voltage distribution testing method and system, and the method comprises the steps: arranging a potential sensor array, and synchronously collecting an original voltage vector through the potential sensor array in the loading operation process of a fuel cell; a reference electrode is arranged in the non-reaction area, a stable reference signal is applied to the reference electrode, and a feedback signal of the reference electrode is collected after preset stable time is delayed; carrying out difference calculation on the feedback signal and the stable reference signal to obtain a system measurement drift distance; and performing joint calibration on the original voltage vector according to the system measurement drift amount and the spatial continuity constraint of the membrane electrode voltage distribution to obtain the voltage distribution vector of the fuel cell membrane electrode. And the authenticity and reliability of the voltage distribution data in the long-period test process of the fuel cell are ensured by continuously compensating the drift of the measurement precision.

The invention relates to an electroencephalogram signal multi-source physiological artifact real-time removal method and system based on a self-adaptive hybrid model. The types of artifacts such as electro-oculogram, myoelectricity and the like are dynamically identified through fusion preprocessing, time-frequency domain feature rapid extraction and a lightweight online classifier; an intelligent hybrid processing engine is innovatively constructed, and an optimal denoising strategy is adaptively selected according to an artifact type: an improved regression model is adopted for ocular artifacts, adaptive wavelet threshold or ICA component elimination is adopted for myoelectric artifacts, and component separation is performed on hybrid artifacts in combination with sparse representation and variational mode decomposition; and parameters are optimized online through a real-time feedback mechanism. According to the method, additional hardware reference electrodes are not needed, high-precision artifact removal is achieved under millisecond-level delay, the electroencephalogram signal quality is remarkably improved, and the method is suitable for scenes with strict requirements for real-time performance and robustness such as brain-computer interfaces and nerve disease auxiliary diagnosis.

The invention discloses a reference electrode, and relates to the technical field of batteries. The reference electrode comprises a conductive assembly and a diaphragm assembly, the conductive assembly comprises an exposed conductor section and an insulating section, the exposed conductor section is wrapped in the diaphragm assembly, a coating is arranged on one side, facing the exposed conductor section, of the diaphragm assembly, and a metal lithium layer is plated on the surface of the exposed conductor section. Through the structure, the service life and the voltage stability of the reference electrode can be remarkably improved, so that the accuracy and the reliability of battery test data are guaranteed.

The present disclosure is related to a bimetallic monatomic nano-enzyme electrochemical sensor, and a preparation method therefor and an application thereof. The bimetallic monatomic nano-enzyme electrochemical sensor comprises a working electrode, a counter electrode, a reference electrode and an electric signal control device; the working electrode is formed by coating a gallium-copper bimetallic monatomic nano-enzyme and a conductive carbon paste on a flexible carrier; and according to the present disclosure, the electrochemical sensor is constructed by loading a catalytic material of the gallium-copper bimetallic monatomic nano-enzyme on an electrode substrate material, which is used for detecting a volatile amine content in fresh meat, so as to detect a freshness of fresh meat.

Techniques for determining microbiological corrosion include flowing a mixed-phase wellbore fluid from at least one tank into a volume of a reactor tank of a microbiological corrosion reactor; controlling a multi-channel potentiostat coupled to a three-electrode cell assembly positioned in the volume, the three-electrode cell assembly including a working electrode, a counter electrode, and a reference electrode, where each of the working electrode, the counter electrode, and the reference electrode is positioned in the volume to contact the mixed-phase wellbore fluid; based on controlling the multi-channel potentiostat, activating the working electrode in the mixed-phase wellbore fluid in the volume; and determining, based on activating the working electrode, a corrosion rate of at least one of the working electrode or a target coupon positioned within the mixed-phase wellbore fluid in the volume.

The invention discloses a seawater chemical oxygen demand determination method based on bias voltage photoelectric oxidation, and relates to the technical field of water quality monitoring. The method comprises the following steps: collecting seawater and performing pretreatment to obtain a seawater sample; adding supporting electrolyte into the seawater sample to obtain an electrolytic water sample; the method comprises the following steps: injecting an electrolysis water sample into a photoelectrochemical reaction tank, applying bias voltage to a working electrode by taking Ag / AgCl as a reference electrode, and turning on a light source with a specific wavelength for irradiation; carrying out an oxidation reaction in the photoelectrochemical reaction tank, and after the oxidation reaction of the organic matter is complete, obtaining a steady-state photocurrent with a stable current signal; according to a preset steady-state light current-COD concentration curve, a COD measured value is obtained, the COD standard concentration value is corrected according to the water temperature and the salinity, and a COD corrected value is obtained. An adjustable tiny external bias voltage is introduced to cooperate with light source irradiation, so that rapid, accurate and high-anti-interference measurement of COD in seawater is realized.

A milk-flow rate (Q) of a fluid comprising milk or a mixture of milk and gas through a conduit (165) is determined by a sensor device (140) with a measurement chamber (160) comprising a reference electrode pair (170) and first and second measurement electrode pairs (110, 120) that determine at least one electrical characteristic of the fluid(RD). Based thereon, a processing device (150) derives a conductivity (σ) and / or an impedance (Z) value of the fluid that passes through the measurement chamber (160) at each of the first and second measurement electrode pairs (110, 120). Based thereon, in turn, the processing device (150) repeatedly derives a milk-filling factor (FF) in measurement chamber (160) and a speed (v) of the fluid that passes through the measurement chamber (160) by comparing the conductivity (σ) and / or the impedance (Z) value of the fluid at each of the first and second measurement electrode pairs with the conductivity (σ) and / or the impedance (Z) value of the milk of the fluid at the reference electrode pair (170) and mapping a first series of values against a second series of values in a set of temporal windows. The first series of values comprises the values of the first test parameter in the set of temporal windows and the second series of values comprises the values of the second test parameter in the set of temporal windows. A trained neural network (180) repeatedly determines the milk-flow rate (Q) based on the milk-filling factor (FF) in the measurement chamber (160) and the speed of (v) the fluid that passes through the measurement chamber (160).

An analysis device measures ion concentration in a sample to detect an abnormality using an ion selective electrode. The analysis device includes an ion selective electrode that obtains a potential based on the ion concentration, a reference electrode that obtains a potential based on a reference liquid, a measurement unit that measures an electromotive force between the ion selective electrode and the reference electrode, an analyzer that analyzes a potential change of the electromotive force in a certain time region, and a storage that stores abnormality analysis data indicating a relation between the potential change and an abnormality of the analysis device. The analyzer acquires a parameter for the potential change of the electromotive force measured by the measurement unit, and analyzes the abnormality of the analysis device based on the parameter and the abnormality analysis data stored in the storage.

The invention relates to the technical field of sensors, in particular to a CIOD-based noninvasive blood glucose detection sensor and method.The sensor comprises a multi-layer structure and comprises a first flexible polyimide substrate tightly attached to the skin, a temperature control assembly, a second flexible polyimide substrate and a glucose detection patch; the temperature control assembly comprises a temperature sensor and a heating wire and is used for thermally activating the skin; the glucose detection patch comprises three electrode areas filled with perfluorinated sulfonic acid resin, wherein the first electrode area comprises a first sodium ion working electrode, a shared electrode and a detection working electrode; the second electrode region contains a sodium ion reference electrode; the third electrode area comprises a second sodium ion working electrode and an auxiliary electrode; the electrodes are connected through insulating coating wires; the shared electrode and the auxiliary electrode form an interstitial fluid extraction electrode pair, and the detection working electrode and the shared electrode form a glucose detector to detect a hydrogen peroxide signal generated by glucose oxidation; the first sodium ion working electrode, the second sodium ion working electrode and the sodium ion reference electrode form a sodium ion differential detector to calibrate a glucose signal. According to the novel noninvasive blood glucose detection sensor provided by the invention, efficient, noninvasive and portable blood glucose monitoring can be realized by combining thermal activation and differential self-calibration.

A cell retainer has a measuring surface that includes a work region in which a plurality of working electrodes are arranged, a reference electrode arranged outward of the work region, a plurality of first regions provided between the work region and the reference electrode, and a second region arranged between each two of the first regions, the two being adjacent to each other in a radial direction. A contact angle in the first region is greater than a contact angle in the work region and a contact angle in the second region. Thus, any of the first regions arranged outward of the work region or the second region serves to restrict the spread of a cell suspension. Moreover, the first regions arranged in multiple tiers enable selection of a drop region and a drop area from a plurality of drop regions and a plurality of drop areas.

The invention discloses a high-throughput electrochemical detection platform based on an ultra-infiltration micro-droplet array, a preparation method of the high-throughput electrochemical detection platform and application of the high-throughput electrochemical detection platform in AD marker detection, and belongs to the technical field of intersection of analytical chemistry, biosensing and material science. The method comprises the following steps: cleaning and drying a substrate, and immersing the surface of the substrate in a fluorosilane solution to form a super-hydrophobic layer by adopting a dip-coating method; after covering with a mask plate, etching with O2 plasma so as to form a hydrophilic microdot matrix; respectively printing an Ag / AgCl reference electrode, a gold working electrode and a carbon counter electrode on the hydrophilic microdots; electrode wires are printed layer by layer, a reference electrode wire, a working electrode wire and a counter electrode wire are sequentially printed in the area outside the hydrophilic microdot matrix from bottom to top in a spin-coating PDMS layer separation mode after each layer of electrode wire is printed, and PDMS is spin-coated above the counter electrode wire for packaging after printing is completed; and on each gold working electrode, respectively modifying capture antibodies of A beta 42, A beta 40, P-tau181 and P-tau217 proteins through a sample application instrument, so as to obtain the detection kit.

The utility model discloses an electrochemical reaction tank for a hard X-ray absorption spectrum in-situ dual-mode test. The electrochemical reaction tank comprises a reaction tank body, a working electrode, a reference electrode and a graphite counter electrode, the front plate is provided with a working electrode window, and the upper plate is provided with a reference electrode hole and a graphite counter electrode hole. The working electrode is arranged at the window of the front plate and is tightly attached to the reaction tank body through a polyimide adhesive tape, and the reference electrode and the graphite counter electrode are arranged on the two sides of the reaction tank body and are respectively connected with an external electrochemical working platform. The distance between the working electrode window and the rear plate is controlled, and the working electrode is coupled with synchrotron radiation X-ray incident light, a fluorescence signal and a transmission signal to form an X-ray dual-mode test channel. The advantages of a synchrotron radiation X-ray absorption spectrum measuring platform are fully utilized, a real in-situ electrochemical detection environment is simulated, and reliable fluorescence and transmission signals are collected at the same time.

The invention belongs to the technical field of battery management, and provides an SOx estimation method and a charge-discharge control method of an all-vanadium redox flow battery, and the SOx estimation method comprises the following steps: setting positive and negative reference electrodes, respectively collecting the reference potentials of the positive and negative electrodes at t moment in a cycle with the cycle number of N, and simultaneously obtaining the concentration of vanadium ions in positive and negative electrolyte; and calculating the charge states of the positive and negative electrode sides at the moment t, fitting the reference potentials and the charge states to obtain a fitting calculation formula, substituting the reference potentials of the positive and negative electrodes at the moment s into the fitting calculation formula to estimate the positive electrode side SOC and the negative electrode side SOC, and then calculating the SOH. According to the SOx estimation method, positive and negative electrode independent reference potential and vanadium ion concentration dual-core data acquisition is implemented, and a potential-concentration-cycle number-capacity four-parameter coupled SOC estimation model is established, so that single-side SOC accurate identification and concentration drift correction can be realized, and the battery health state can be reflected more comprehensively.

The invention discloses a device and a method for evaluating the separation performance of an ion exchange membrane based on an electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and belongs to the technical field of ion exchange membranes. The device comprises an electrochemical workstation and an electrolytic tank, a first output end of the electrochemical workstation is connected with an induction electrode and a reference electrode, and a second output end of the electrochemical workstation is connected with a working electrode and a counter electrode; the electrolytic tank comprises a first electrolytic tank and a second electrolytic tank which are separated by a to-be-detected ion exchange membrane; the sensing electrode and the working electrode extend into the first electrolytic tank, and the reference electrode and the counter electrode extend into the second electrolytic tank. According to the invention, quantitative characterization of migration and diffusion resistance of different ions passing through the membrane is realized, and the separation performance of the ion exchange membrane on ions of different valence states is preliminarily evaluated according to the microscopic mass transfer process of the ions passing through the membrane.

The invention relates to the technical field of medical detection equipment, and particularly provides a wearable sweat glucose detection system which comprises a sweat collecting and conveying unit which is provided with a sweat inlet and a sweat flow channel which are communicated with each other and is used for collecting and conveying sweat secreted by skin; the electric signal acquisition unit is arranged on the sweat flow channel, comprises a counter electrode, a working electrode and a reference electrode which are sequentially arranged along the flowing direction of sweat in the sweat flow channel, and is used for acquiring a real-time electric signal related to the glucose concentration; the working electrode comprises a porous alloy structure layer composed of platinum and nickel and a glucose oxidase layer located on the surface of the porous alloy structure layer; the signal processing unit is used for acquiring the real-time glucose concentration according to the real-time electric signal and a preset change curve of the electric signal about the glucose concentration; the system can effectively improve the sensitivity of glucose concentration detection and reduce the dosage of precious metal.

The invention discloses an electrochemical luminescence immunosensor for detecting interleukin-1 beta as well as a preparation method and application of the electrochemical luminescence immunosensor. The electrochemical luminescence immunosensor comprises a three-electrode system consisting of a working electrode, a reference electrode and a counter electrode, the working electrode is a modified electrode of CoAl layered double hydroxides, the modified electrode is subjected to alkali etching and then loaded with platinum nanoparticles, then an interleukin-1 beta antibody is fixed, and non-specific sites are closed, so that the working electrode is obtained; when the immunosensor is used for detection, a solution containing luminol is used as an electrolyte. The working electrode of the immunosensor takes oxygen vacancy-rich CoAl layered double hydroxide as a substrate, platinum nanoparticles are combined to realize an EMSI effect, an electrochemical luminescence signal of a luminol-dissolved oxygen system is remarkably enhanced, and antigen-antibody specific recognition is combined to realize quantitative detection of IL-1beta. The method has the characteristics of strong anti-interference capability, high detection speed and good stability.

The invention provides a ferromanganese phosphate precursor and a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of lithium ion batteries, the preparation method of the ferromanganese phosphate precursor comprises the following steps: S1, uniformly mixing a manganese source, an iron source, a phosphorus source, a complexing agent, an oxidizing agent and water, and regulating the pH value to 2-3 to obtain an electrolyte solution; s2, the electrolyte solution is placed in a microwave transmission type reaction tank, pulse potential and microwave radiation are applied, and an electro-deposition reaction is carried out; a working electrode, a platinum counter electrode and a saturated calomel reference electrode are arranged in the permeation type reaction tank; the working electrode comprises a titanium-based current collector and a conductive MOF film coated on the titanium-based current collector; and S3, after deposition is completed, the working electrode is taken out and washed, roasting treatment is conducted in the nitrogen atmosphere, and the ferromanganese phosphate precursor is obtained through air jet pulverization. According to the method, uniform codeposition of the ferromanganese phosphate is realized, and the prepared ferromanganese phosphate precursor is uniform in element distribution, high in tap density and low in impurity content.

The invention relates to the technical field of medical surgical navigation, and discloses an intraoperative instrument position real-time visual tracking system which comprises a preoperative three-dimensional reconstruction unit, an intraoperative positioning unit, a coordinate matching unit, an error compensation unit and a visual display unit which are in bidirectional communication through a data bus. According to the intraoperative instrument position real-time visual tracking system and method, the problem of electromagnetic interference is solved through a magnetoelectric fusion positioning engine and a dynamic magnetic field calibration module, and the magnetoelectric fusion positioning engine receives a gradient magnetic field signal generated by an electromagnet array and an electric field signal of a body surface reference electrode; the dynamic magnetic field calibration module is combined with the frequency division multiplexing technology to separate double-frequency signals, then space-time registration is carried out through the magnetoelectric conversion matrix, alignment of a magnetic sensor and a magnetic beacon coordinate system is not needed, magnetic field distortion caused by a metal instrument can be counteracted, angle calculation errors can be reduced through bimodal signal complementation even if the posture of the instrument changes, and the precision of the instrument is improved. And positioning accuracy is improved.

The invention relates to the technical field of spectral measurement and analysis, and discloses an in-situ cell for rapid and continuous synchrotron radiation X-ray absorption spectrum measurement, the in-situ cell comprises a housing 1, one side of the housing 1 is provided with two through holes, and a counter electrode and a reference electrode are respectively fixed in the two through holes; the first shell and the second shell are correspondingly arranged, and square optical windows are arranged in the center of the second shell and the center of the first shell; the first shell and the second shell are each provided with a hole channel, the two hole channels are located on the two sides of the square optical window respectively, and a working electrode is fixedly arranged between the second shell and the first shell. The in-situ synchrotron radiation X-ray absorption spectrum measuring device is suitable for in-situ synchrotron radiation X-ray absorption spectrum measurement in a time-resolved energy dispersion / transmission mode, and through real-time supply and circular flow of the electrolyte on the surface of the working electrode, the uniformity of the X-ray penetrating through a solution layer is ensured, the elimination of product gas is accelerated, the influence of solution disturbance on a test signal is reduced, and the test stability is improved.

A method includes monitoring impedances of the plurality of the functional electrodes relative to a reference electrode while maneuvering a catheter within a cavity of an organ, the catheter comprising (i) a shaft having a distal end, and (ii) an expandable distal-end assembly coupled to the distal end of the shaft and comprising a plurality of functional electrodes. A direction vector is estimated from the monitored impedances, along which the catheter is free to advance within the cavity of the organ without obstruction by the tissue wall. The direction vector is displayed to a user.

The invention belongs to the technical field of water environment detection, and particularly relates to a heavy metal concentration and water body flow velocity synchronous detection method for a dispersed drain outlet, which is used for synchronously detecting the heavy metal cadmium concentration and the water body flow velocity. The core of the method comprises a three-electrode sensing system consisting of a working electrode coated with a tungsten oxide film, a reference electrode and a counter electrode, and is assisted by an electrochemical workstation, a peristaltic pump, a flow cell and a signal processing module. The cadmium concentration is accurately measured through the square wave anodic stripping voltammetry, the flow velocity is synchronously detected through the open circuit potentiometry, dual-function detection is achieved through integration of the square wave anodic stripping voltammetry and the open circuit potentiometry, synchronous in-situ detection of the cadmium concentration and the water body flow velocity is achieved, and errors caused by measurement position differences are effectively eliminated. The result shows that the cadmium concentration and the dissolution peak current are in a linear relationship, and the water flow velocity logarithm and the open-circuit potential are in a linear relationship. The method designed by the invention is suitable for scattered and small sewage draining exit scenes, and effectively solves the problems of time consumption and equipment redundancy of traditional step-by-step detection. In an actual water sample test, the cadmium recovery rate is 80%-120%, the flow velocity measurement RSD is smaller than or equal to 5.0%, high reproducibility, stability and anti-interference performance are achieved, technical support is provided for real-time online evaluation of the total heavy metal emission amount, and the method has remarkable environmental monitoring application potential.

The utility model discloses an electrochemical device for heavy metal ion detection. The electrochemical device comprises a shell, a miniature electrochemical workstation, a liquid feeding device and an electrochemical sensor, the shell is provided with a detection chamber, a mounting cavity, a liquid inlet and a material opening; the liquid feeding device is fixedly mounted in the mounting cavity, the liquid inlet end of the liquid feeding device is communicated with the liquid inlet, and the liquid outlet end of the liquid feeding device is communicated with the detection chamber; the micro electrochemical workstation is arranged on the shell and is connected with the electrochemical sensor; the electrochemical sensor comprises a working electrode, a reference electrode and a counter electrode, and the working electrode, the reference electrode and the counter electrode are arranged in the detection chamber; the material opening is communicated with the detection chamber and has an opening state and a closing state. According to the scheme, the problems that the process is complicated, time consumption is long, rapid detection is not facilitated, sampling and separation are not portable, and operation is not beneficial to popularization when electrochemical analysis and detection are carried out based on an electrochemical workstation at present can be solved.

Embodiments of the present invention provide a sensing apparatus. The sensing apparatus includes a biochip unit and a receptacle device. The biochip unit includes a reservoir configured to receive a predetermined amount of an analyte, a plurality of working electrodes configured to be in contact with the analyte, a reference electrode and a counter electrode configured to complete an electrical circuit with the plurality of working electrodes. The receptacle device includes a receptacle unit configured to be electrically and mechanically coupled to the biochip unit, a function generator electrically coupled to the receptacle unit, a memory unit configured to store machine-readable instructions, and a processor operably connected to the memory unit. The processor is enabled by the machine-readable instructions to determine a plurality of deduced values corresponding to a plurality of analyte parameters of the analyte from the plurality of observed values of the plurality of predetermined parameters.

The utility model belongs to the technical field of biosensors, and provides a closed-loop control system, which comprises a graphene electrode microneedle sensor, an ultrasonic pump and a control module, the graphene electrode micro-needle sensor comprises a polystyrene micro-needle array, a working electrode and a reference electrode / counter electrode cover the convex surface of a micro-needle body of the polystyrene micro-needle array, and the electrodes comprise the working electrode and the reference electrode / counter electrode which are formed by printing graphene composite ink on the surface of the micro-needle array. The graphene-PB electrode can improve the sensitivity of the microneedle without changing the structural shape of the microneedle, the ultrasonic pump and the microneedle sensor are further integrated, medicine is conveyed through a hollow channel of the microneedle, and the microneedle has the advantages of being stable, wearable, miniaturized, painless, accurate, high in cost benefit, easy to manufacture and the like.

The utility model relates to the technical field of electrochemical impedance testing, in particular to an electrochemical impedance testing device and a testing board, the electrochemical impedance testing device comprises an electrochemical workstation, a working electrode, a feedback electrode, an auxiliary electrode, a reference electrode and two duplex banana plugs, and each duplex banana plug is provided with two electrodes. The two duplex banana plugs comprise a first duplex banana plug and a second duplex banana plug, one ends of the working electrode and the feedback electrode are respectively connected with two electrodes of the first duplex banana plug, the other ends of the working electrode and the feedback electrode are connected with the electrochemical workstation, one ends of the auxiliary electrode and the reference electrode are respectively connected with two electrodes of the second duplex banana plug, and the other ends of the auxiliary electrode and the reference electrode are respectively connected with the electrochemical workstation. The other end of the first duplex banana plug is connected with an electrochemical workstation, each electrode of the first duplex banana plug is connected with a first lead, and each electrode of the second duplex banana plug is connected with a second lead. According to the utility model, the influence of contact resistance is eliminated, and the accuracy of impedance test results is improved.