1097 results about "Reference electrode" patented technology

The invention provides a flow battery energy storage power station full life cycle health degree assessment management method. The method comprises the following steps: constructing an initial health reference library, collecting electrochemical parameters through a reference electrode, collecting electrolyte physical parameters and environmental parameters through a sensor, synchronously recording operation and maintenance data, and carrying out time-space synchronization processing; introducing a hierarchical fusion assessment mechanism, assessing data integrity and constructing an attention mechanism model, calculating a dynamic weight according to a parameter relative change rate and a health degree correlation coefficient, generating a weighted feature vector, and predicting a short-term health degree index by adopting a bidirectional long-short-term memory network Bi-LSTM; a particle filter (PF) algorithm is introduced to be combined with a physical parameter drift distance to correct a long-term health degree index, and then a real-time health degree index is output through fuzzy comprehensive evaluation. The method can achieve the linkage evaluation of the health state in the operation period and the full life cycle trend, corrects the long-term SOH through the PF algorithm in combination with the physical parameter drift distance, and reduces the error of long-term prediction.

The invention provides a flexible electrochemical sensor, a preparation method and application. The flexible electrochemical sensor comprises a flexible substrate, three electrodes, a conductive strip, an external wire and a multi-cavity polypyrrole film, the three electrodes comprise a working electrode, a reference electrode and an auxiliary electrode and are printed on the flexible substrate; the conductive strip is connected with the three electrodes, the conductive strip is packaged through an insulating tape, and only working areas of the three electrodes are exposed; the external wire is pasted on the conductive strip through conductive silver adhesive. The multi-cavity polypyrrole film is modified on the surface of the working electrode. The technical problems that existing equipment is insufficient in portability, cannot meet the requirements of on-site rapid screening and real-time analysis of large-batch samples, and is difficult to realize on-site mobile detection are solved. The invention provides a feasible technical means for portable, mobile and on-site rapid detection of high-harm heavy metal ions such as Hg < 2 + > and Cd < 2 + >, and the method is simple to operate and extremely low in cost.

The application discloses an electrochemiluminescence immunosensor for detecting interleukin-1 beta and a preparation method and application thereof, and comprises a three-electrode system of a working electrode, a reference electrode and a counter electrode; the working electrode is a modified electrode of CoAl layered double hydroxide, is loaded with platinum nanoparticles after being etched by alkali, and is obtained by fixing interleukin-1 beta antibodies and blocking non-specific sites; and a solution containing luminol is used as an electrolyte during detection of the immunosensor. The working electrode of the immunosensor takes oxygen-rich vacancy CoAl layered double hydroxide as a substrate, combines with platinum nanoparticles to realize EMSI effect, significantly enhances the electrochemiluminescence signal of a luminol-dissolved oxygen system, realizes quantitative detection of IL-1 beta by combining with specific antigen-antibody recognition, and has the characteristics of strong anti-interference ability, fast detection speed and good stability.

The invention relates to the technical field of fuel cell membrane electrode voltage distribution testing, in particular to a fuel cell membrane electrode voltage distribution testing method and system, and the method comprises the steps: arranging a potential sensor array, and synchronously collecting an original voltage vector through the potential sensor array in the loading operation process of a fuel cell; a reference electrode is arranged in the non-reaction area, a stable reference signal is applied to the reference electrode, and a feedback signal of the reference electrode is collected after preset stable time is delayed; carrying out difference calculation on the feedback signal and the stable reference signal to obtain a system measurement drift distance; and performing joint calibration on the original voltage vector according to the system measurement drift amount and the spatial continuity constraint of the membrane electrode voltage distribution to obtain the voltage distribution vector of the fuel cell membrane electrode. And the authenticity and reliability of the voltage distribution data in the long-period test process of the fuel cell are ensured by continuously compensating the drift of the measurement precision.

The invention relates to an electroencephalogram signal multi-source physiological artifact real-time removal method and system based on a self-adaptive hybrid model. The types of artifacts such as electro-oculogram, myoelectricity and the like are dynamically identified through fusion preprocessing, time-frequency domain feature rapid extraction and a lightweight online classifier; an intelligent hybrid processing engine is innovatively constructed, and an optimal denoising strategy is adaptively selected according to an artifact type: an improved regression model is adopted for ocular artifacts, adaptive wavelet threshold or ICA component elimination is adopted for myoelectric artifacts, and component separation is performed on hybrid artifacts in combination with sparse representation and variational mode decomposition; and parameters are optimized online through a real-time feedback mechanism. According to the method, additional hardware reference electrodes are not needed, high-precision artifact removal is achieved under millisecond-level delay, the electroencephalogram signal quality is remarkably improved, and the method is suitable for scenes with strict requirements for real-time performance and robustness such as brain-computer interfaces and nerve disease auxiliary diagnosis.

The invention discloses a reference electrode, and relates to the technical field of batteries. The reference electrode comprises a conductive assembly and a diaphragm assembly, the conductive assembly comprises an exposed conductor section and an insulating section, the exposed conductor section is wrapped in the diaphragm assembly, a coating is arranged on one side, facing the exposed conductor section, of the diaphragm assembly, and a metal lithium layer is plated on the surface of the exposed conductor section. Through the structure, the service life and the voltage stability of the reference electrode can be remarkably improved, so that the accuracy and the reliability of battery test data are guaranteed.

The present disclosure is related to a bimetallic monatomic nano-enzyme electrochemical sensor, and a preparation method therefor and an application thereof. The bimetallic monatomic nano-enzyme electrochemical sensor comprises a working electrode, a counter electrode, a reference electrode and an electric signal control device; the working electrode is formed by coating a gallium-copper bimetallic monatomic nano-enzyme and a conductive carbon paste on a flexible carrier; and according to the present disclosure, the electrochemical sensor is constructed by loading a catalytic material of the gallium-copper bimetallic monatomic nano-enzyme on an electrode substrate material, which is used for detecting a volatile amine content in fresh meat, so as to detect a freshness of fresh meat.

Techniques for determining microbiological corrosion include flowing a mixed-phase wellbore fluid from at least one tank into a volume of a reactor tank of a microbiological corrosion reactor; controlling a multi-channel potentiostat coupled to a three-electrode cell assembly positioned in the volume, the three-electrode cell assembly including a working electrode, a counter electrode, and a reference electrode, where each of the working electrode, the counter electrode, and the reference electrode is positioned in the volume to contact the mixed-phase wellbore fluid; based on controlling the multi-channel potentiostat, activating the working electrode in the mixed-phase wellbore fluid in the volume; and determining, based on activating the working electrode, a corrosion rate of at least one of the working electrode or a target coupon positioned within the mixed-phase wellbore fluid in the volume.

The invention discloses a seawater chemical oxygen demand determination method based on bias voltage photoelectric oxidation, and relates to the technical field of water quality monitoring. The method comprises the following steps: collecting seawater and performing pretreatment to obtain a seawater sample; adding supporting electrolyte into the seawater sample to obtain an electrolytic water sample; the method comprises the following steps: injecting an electrolysis water sample into a photoelectrochemical reaction tank, applying bias voltage to a working electrode by taking Ag / AgCl as a reference electrode, and turning on a light source with a specific wavelength for irradiation; carrying out an oxidation reaction in the photoelectrochemical reaction tank, and after the oxidation reaction of the organic matter is complete, obtaining a steady-state photocurrent with a stable current signal; according to a preset steady-state light current-COD concentration curve, a COD measured value is obtained, the COD standard concentration value is corrected according to the water temperature and the salinity, and a COD corrected value is obtained. An adjustable tiny external bias voltage is introduced to cooperate with light source irradiation, so that rapid, accurate and high-anti-interference measurement of COD in seawater is realized.

A milk-flow rate (Q) of a fluid comprising milk or a mixture of milk and gas through a conduit (165) is determined by a sensor device (140) with a measurement chamber (160) comprising a reference electrode pair (170) and first and second measurement electrode pairs (110, 120) that determine at least one electrical characteristic of the fluid(RD). Based thereon, a processing device (150) derives a conductivity (σ) and / or an impedance (Z) value of the fluid that passes through the measurement chamber (160) at each of the first and second measurement electrode pairs (110, 120). Based thereon, in turn, the processing device (150) repeatedly derives a milk-filling factor (FF) in measurement chamber (160) and a speed (v) of the fluid that passes through the measurement chamber (160) by comparing the conductivity (σ) and / or the impedance (Z) value of the fluid at each of the first and second measurement electrode pairs with the conductivity (σ) and / or the impedance (Z) value of the milk of the fluid at the reference electrode pair (170) and mapping a first series of values against a second series of values in a set of temporal windows. The first series of values comprises the values of the first test parameter in the set of temporal windows and the second series of values comprises the values of the second test parameter in the set of temporal windows. A trained neural network (180) repeatedly determines the milk-flow rate (Q) based on the milk-filling factor (FF) in the measurement chamber (160) and the speed of (v) the fluid that passes through the measurement chamber (160).

A cell retainer has a measuring surface that includes a work region in which a plurality of working electrodes are arranged, a reference electrode arranged outward of the work region, a plurality of first regions provided between the work region and the reference electrode, and a second region arranged between each two of the first regions, the two being adjacent to each other in a radial direction. A contact angle in the first region is greater than a contact angle in the work region and a contact angle in the second region. Thus, any of the first regions arranged outward of the work region or the second region serves to restrict the spread of a cell suspension. Moreover, the first regions arranged in multiple tiers enable selection of a drop region and a drop area from a plurality of drop regions and a plurality of drop areas.

The invention discloses a high-throughput electrochemical detection platform based on an ultra-infiltration micro-droplet array, a preparation method of the high-throughput electrochemical detection platform and application of the high-throughput electrochemical detection platform in AD marker detection, and belongs to the technical field of intersection of analytical chemistry, biosensing and material science. The method comprises the following steps: cleaning and drying a substrate, and immersing the surface of the substrate in a fluorosilane solution to form a super-hydrophobic layer by adopting a dip-coating method; after covering with a mask plate, etching with O2 plasma so as to form a hydrophilic microdot matrix; respectively printing an Ag / AgCl reference electrode, a gold working electrode and a carbon counter electrode on the hydrophilic microdots; electrode wires are printed layer by layer, a reference electrode wire, a working electrode wire and a counter electrode wire are sequentially printed in the area outside the hydrophilic microdot matrix from bottom to top in a spin-coating PDMS layer separation mode after each layer of electrode wire is printed, and PDMS is spin-coated above the counter electrode wire for packaging after printing is completed; and on each gold working electrode, respectively modifying capture antibodies of A beta 42, A beta 40, P-tau181 and P-tau217 proteins through a sample application instrument, so as to obtain the detection kit.

The utility model discloses an electrochemical reaction tank for a hard X-ray absorption spectrum in-situ dual-mode test. The electrochemical reaction tank comprises a reaction tank body, a working electrode, a reference electrode and a graphite counter electrode, the front plate is provided with a working electrode window, and the upper plate is provided with a reference electrode hole and a graphite counter electrode hole. The working electrode is arranged at the window of the front plate and is tightly attached to the reaction tank body through a polyimide adhesive tape, and the reference electrode and the graphite counter electrode are arranged on the two sides of the reaction tank body and are respectively connected with an external electrochemical working platform. The distance between the working electrode window and the rear plate is controlled, and the working electrode is coupled with synchrotron radiation X-ray incident light, a fluorescence signal and a transmission signal to form an X-ray dual-mode test channel. The advantages of a synchrotron radiation X-ray absorption spectrum measuring platform are fully utilized, a real in-situ electrochemical detection environment is simulated, and reliable fluorescence and transmission signals are collected at the same time.

The invention belongs to the technical field of battery management, and provides an SOx estimation method and a charge-discharge control method of an all-vanadium redox flow battery, and the SOx estimation method comprises the following steps: setting positive and negative reference electrodes, respectively collecting the reference potentials of the positive and negative electrodes at t moment in a cycle with the cycle number of N, and simultaneously obtaining the concentration of vanadium ions in positive and negative electrolyte; and calculating the charge states of the positive and negative electrode sides at the moment t, fitting the reference potentials and the charge states to obtain a fitting calculation formula, substituting the reference potentials of the positive and negative electrodes at the moment s into the fitting calculation formula to estimate the positive electrode side SOC and the negative electrode side SOC, and then calculating the SOH. According to the SOx estimation method, positive and negative electrode independent reference potential and vanadium ion concentration dual-core data acquisition is implemented, and a potential-concentration-cycle number-capacity four-parameter coupled SOC estimation model is established, so that single-side SOC accurate identification and concentration drift correction can be realized, and the battery health state can be reflected more comprehensively.

The invention relates to the technical field of medical detection equipment, and particularly provides a wearable sweat glucose detection system which comprises a sweat collecting and conveying unit which is provided with a sweat inlet and a sweat flow channel which are communicated with each other and is used for collecting and conveying sweat secreted by skin; the electric signal acquisition unit is arranged on the sweat flow channel, comprises a counter electrode, a working electrode and a reference electrode which are sequentially arranged along the flowing direction of sweat in the sweat flow channel, and is used for acquiring a real-time electric signal related to the glucose concentration; the working electrode comprises a porous alloy structure layer composed of platinum and nickel and a glucose oxidase layer located on the surface of the porous alloy structure layer; the signal processing unit is used for acquiring the real-time glucose concentration according to the real-time electric signal and a preset change curve of the electric signal about the glucose concentration; the system can effectively improve the sensitivity of glucose concentration detection and reduce the dosage of precious metal.

The invention relates to the technical field of medical surgical navigation, and discloses an intraoperative instrument position real-time visual tracking system which comprises a preoperative three-dimensional reconstruction unit, an intraoperative positioning unit, a coordinate matching unit, an error compensation unit and a visual display unit which are in bidirectional communication through a data bus. According to the intraoperative instrument position real-time visual tracking system and method, the problem of electromagnetic interference is solved through a magnetoelectric fusion positioning engine and a dynamic magnetic field calibration module, and the magnetoelectric fusion positioning engine receives a gradient magnetic field signal generated by an electromagnet array and an electric field signal of a body surface reference electrode; the dynamic magnetic field calibration module is combined with the frequency division multiplexing technology to separate double-frequency signals, then space-time registration is carried out through the magnetoelectric conversion matrix, alignment of a magnetic sensor and a magnetic beacon coordinate system is not needed, magnetic field distortion caused by a metal instrument can be counteracted, angle calculation errors can be reduced through bimodal signal complementation even if the posture of the instrument changes, and the precision of the instrument is improved. And positioning accuracy is improved.

The invention relates to the technical field of spectral measurement and analysis, and discloses an in-situ cell for rapid and continuous synchrotron radiation X-ray absorption spectrum measurement, the in-situ cell comprises a housing 1, one side of the housing 1 is provided with two through holes, and a counter electrode and a reference electrode are respectively fixed in the two through holes; the first shell and the second shell are correspondingly arranged, and square optical windows are arranged in the center of the second shell and the center of the first shell; the first shell and the second shell are each provided with a hole channel, the two hole channels are located on the two sides of the square optical window respectively, and a working electrode is fixedly arranged between the second shell and the first shell. The in-situ synchrotron radiation X-ray absorption spectrum measuring device is suitable for in-situ synchrotron radiation X-ray absorption spectrum measurement in a time-resolved energy dispersion / transmission mode, and through real-time supply and circular flow of the electrolyte on the surface of the working electrode, the uniformity of the X-ray penetrating through a solution layer is ensured, the elimination of product gas is accelerated, the influence of solution disturbance on a test signal is reduced, and the test stability is improved.

A method includes monitoring impedances of the plurality of the functional electrodes relative to a reference electrode while maneuvering a catheter within a cavity of an organ, the catheter comprising (i) a shaft having a distal end, and (ii) an expandable distal-end assembly coupled to the distal end of the shaft and comprising a plurality of functional electrodes. A direction vector is estimated from the monitored impedances, along which the catheter is free to advance within the cavity of the organ without obstruction by the tissue wall. The direction vector is displayed to a user.

The invention belongs to the technical field of water environment detection, and particularly relates to a heavy metal concentration and water body flow velocity synchronous detection method for a dispersed drain outlet, which is used for synchronously detecting the heavy metal cadmium concentration and the water body flow velocity. The core of the method comprises a three-electrode sensing system consisting of a working electrode coated with a tungsten oxide film, a reference electrode and a counter electrode, and is assisted by an electrochemical workstation, a peristaltic pump, a flow cell and a signal processing module. The cadmium concentration is accurately measured through the square wave anodic stripping voltammetry, the flow velocity is synchronously detected through the open circuit potentiometry, dual-function detection is achieved through integration of the square wave anodic stripping voltammetry and the open circuit potentiometry, synchronous in-situ detection of the cadmium concentration and the water body flow velocity is achieved, and errors caused by measurement position differences are effectively eliminated. The result shows that the cadmium concentration and the dissolution peak current are in a linear relationship, and the water flow velocity logarithm and the open-circuit potential are in a linear relationship. The method designed by the invention is suitable for scattered and small sewage draining exit scenes, and effectively solves the problems of time consumption and equipment redundancy of traditional step-by-step detection. In an actual water sample test, the cadmium recovery rate is 80%-120%, the flow velocity measurement RSD is smaller than or equal to 5.0%, high reproducibility, stability and anti-interference performance are achieved, technical support is provided for real-time online evaluation of the total heavy metal emission amount, and the method has remarkable environmental monitoring application potential.

Embodiments of the present invention provide a sensing apparatus. The sensing apparatus includes a biochip unit and a receptacle device. The biochip unit includes a reservoir configured to receive a predetermined amount of an analyte, a plurality of working electrodes configured to be in contact with the analyte, a reference electrode and a counter electrode configured to complete an electrical circuit with the plurality of working electrodes. The receptacle device includes a receptacle unit configured to be electrically and mechanically coupled to the biochip unit, a function generator electrically coupled to the receptacle unit, a memory unit configured to store machine-readable instructions, and a processor operably connected to the memory unit. The processor is enabled by the machine-readable instructions to determine a plurality of deduced values corresponding to a plurality of analyte parameters of the analyte from the plurality of observed values of the plurality of predetermined parameters.

The invention comprises a micro-fluidic chip and an immunodetection method. The micro-fluidic chip comprises a reaction layer substrate and a micro-channel sample adding layer positioned on the reaction layer substrate; the reaction layer substrate comprises a base, a three-electrode part prepared on the base and a contact metal pad connected with an external circuit, and the three-electrode part comprises a working electrode, a reference electrode and a counter electrode; a plurality of micro-channel grooves are formed in the bottom of the micro-channel sample adding layer, a plurality of up-down through inflow holes and outflow holes are formed in the micro-channel sample adding channel layer, and the two ends of each micro-channel groove are communicated with the inflow holes and the outflow holes respectively. The micro-fluidic chip is designed through photoetching, PVD and other technologies, the chip comprises a plurality of micro-channels, interference of the external environment to the detection process can be reduced through testing in a closed environment, and the micro-fluidic chip has the rapid, stable and high-throughput detection function and can be applied to bedside detection.

The invention relates to a liquid metal oxygen sensor reference electrode system and method with both precision and safety, which can provide stable oxygen partial pressure when a probe works normally and actively prevent harmful substances from leaking when the probe is damaged, so that the measurement precision of a liquid metal oxygen sensor is ensured, and the safety and the reliability are improved at the same time. Comprising a sensor, a gas micro-flow controller, a reference gas cylinder, an inert gas cylinder, a gas fan and a waste gas treatment system, the sensor is connected with a signal measuring instrument through a cable; the sensor is connected with a reference gas cylinder and an inert gas cylinder through a gas supply pipeline; the sensor is sequentially connected with a back pressure valve, a pressure measuring instrument, a gas component measuring instrument, a gas fan, a check valve and a waste gas treatment system through an exhaust pipeline. The long-term measurement accuracy and stability can be improved, and the system misoperation probability is reduced; meanwhile, the safety of the reference electrode powder is ensured.

A battery cell includes a housing defining a battery cell space within the housing, a cathode disposed within the battery cell space, an anode disposed within the battery cell space, a reference electrode disposed within the battery cell space, and electrolyte disposed within the battery cell space and in contact with the cathode, the anode, and the reference electrode. The housing has a gas analysis port in fluid communication with the battery cell space and extending to an exterior of the housing.

The invention relates to a preparation method of a trace Fe optimized Ru nano-catalyst and application of the trace Fe optimized Ru nano-catalyst in hydrodechlorination reaction of parachlorophenol. The preparation method comprises the following specific steps: firstly, dissolving ruthenium chloride hydrate and ferric trichloride into ethylene glycol, adding PVP (Polyvinyl Pyrrolidone) into the solution, fully mixing, adjusting the pH value of the solution to 3-4, transferring into a glass bottle, and heating and reacting in an oil bath pan at 180 DEG C; and centrifuging, washing and drying the obtained product to obtain a black powdery solid, namely the Ru-Fe nano-catalyst. The hydrodechlorination process is carried out in a double-chamber electrolytic tank separated by a Nafion 117 membrane, an electrolyte is a Na2SO4 solution, a Ru-Fe electrode taking carbon cloth as a carrier is used as a working electrode, a Pt sheet is used as a counter electrode, and an Ag / AgCl electrode is used as a reference electrode. The Ru-Fe nano-catalyst provided by the invention has the advantages of stable structure, uniform metal distribution and excellent electron synergistic effect, and can efficiently catalyze hydrodechlorination of p-chlorophenol and generate cyclohexanol. The preparation process is simple, convenient and environment-friendly, has a good industrial application prospect, and is particularly suitable for green treatment and resource conversion of chlorine-containing organic wastewater.

The semiconductor device includes: an insulating layer provided on a semiconductor substrate; a first resistor embedded in the insulating layer and electrically connected to a node on a first potential side; a second resistor embedded in the insulating layer; a third resistor embedded in the insulating layer; and a reference electrode electrically connected to a node on a second potential side of the third resistor. An absolute value of the first potential is greater than an absolute value of the second potential. The first resistor, the second resistor, and the third resistor are connected in series. The first resistor is formed by connecting N resistors in parallel, the second resistor is formed by connecting M resistors in parallel, and the third resistor is formed by connecting L resistors in parallel, with N<L and M<L satisfied.

The utility model discloses a gas sensor detection device which comprises a base, an electrode, a solid electrolysis ring and a ceramic filter, the solid electrolysis ring is arranged in the base; the electrode is arranged in the solid electrolysis ring and is connected with the solid electrolysis ring in a hard pressure contact manner; the electrodes comprise an induction electrode, a counter electrode and a reference electrode; the sensing electrode, the counter electrode and the reference electrode are separated through ribs in the base, and graphene layers and superlattice silver coatings are sequentially attached to the surfaces of the sensing electrode, the counter electrode and the reference electrode; the two ends of the ceramic filter are connected with ribs in the base to form an air inlet channel, and the outer side face of the ceramic filter abuts against the induction electrode. Through type gas detection is adopted, the whole gas flow channel is stable, detection data are more accurate, the graphene layer and the superlattice silver plating layer are sequentially attached to the surface of the electrode, the graphene layer has excellent conductivity and high temperature resistance, the superlattice silver plating layer increases the contact area with gas, and the detection precision is further improved.

The utility model relates to a three-electrode lithium ion battery, and belongs to the technical field of lithium ion batteries. The three-electrode lithium ion battery comprises a positive plate, a negative plate, a reference electrode and a diaphragm, the negative plate comprises a negative current collector and a negative active layer arranged on the negative current collector; the negative electrode active layer comprises a first active material layer and a second active material layer, the first active material layer is arranged on the negative electrode current collector, and the second active material layer is arranged on the first active material layer; the reference electrode comprises a first reference electrode and a second reference electrode; the first reference electrode is arranged between the first active material layer and the second active material layer; the second reference electrode is arranged on the second active material layer; and at least parts of the first reference electrode and the second reference electrode are positioned outside the negative plate. The reference electrode in the battery can avoid deviation of positive and negative electrode potentials caused by loss of active lithium, and can accurately monitor the top negative electrode potential and the bottom negative electrode potential.

Embodiments of an electrode water supply assembly include a cap having a cap body with a reservoir adjacent a proximal electrode end of a permanent reference electrode when the cap is mounted on the permanent reference electrode. The cap body may include (i) a distal cap end defining a distal opening configured to be disposed about the proximal electrode end, (ii) a proximal cap end defining a proximal opening, and (iii) an outer wall defining an overflow port therethrough, the overflow port receives overflow fluid from the reservoir and directs the overflow fluid out of the reservoir. The electrode water supply assembly may include a catheter having: a distal catheter end configured to be fluidly coupled to the proximal opening; and a proximal catheter end configured to be positioned at the cathode test station. Thus, fluid directed to the proximal catheter end is directed through the catheter and into the reservoir to water at least the proximal electrode end.

The invention relates to a biosensor which comprises a first working electrode, a second working electrode and a reference electrode, the voltage difference value between the first working electrode and the reference electrode is a first voltage, the voltage difference value between the second working electrode and the reference electrode is a second voltage, and the first voltage is higher than the second voltage.

The utility model provides an expand fragrance device, including liquid storage bottle, liquid level detection electrode, reference electrode and with liquid level detection electrode, the controller of reference electrode electric connection, liquid level detection electrode, reference electrode set up on the outer wall of liquid storage bottle or be located the outside of liquid storage bottle and be equipped with the gap between liquid storage bottle, liquid level detection electrode and reference electrode along liquid level height direction distribution, the controller calculates the liquid level height in liquid storage bottle according to the detection signal of liquid level detection electrode, reference electrode.