2834 results about "Electron transfer" patented technology

An electrochemical analyte sensor having conductive traces on a substrate is used to determine a level of analyte in in vitro or in vivo analyte-containing fluids. The electrochemical analyte sensor includes a substrate and conductive material disposed on the substrate, the conductive material forming a working electrode. In some sensors, the conductive material is disposed in recessed channels formed in a surface of the sensor. An electron transfer agent and / or catalyst may be provided to facilitate the electrolysis of the analyte or of a second compound whose level depends on the level of the analyte. A potential is formed between the working electrode and a reference electrode or counter / reference electrode and the resulting current is a function of the concentration of the analyte in the fluid.

An electrochemical analyte sensor formed using conductive traces on a substrate can be used for determining and / or monitoring a level of analyte in in vitro or in vivo analyte-containing fluids. For example, an implantable sensor may be used for the continuous or automatic monitoring of a level of an analyte, such as glucose, lactate, or oxygen, in a patient. The electrochemical analyte sensor includes a substrate and conductive material disposed on the substrate, the conductive material forming a working electrode. In some sensors, the conductive material is disposed in recessed channels formed in a surface of the sensor. An electron transfer agent and / or catalyst may be provided to facilitate the electrolysis of the analyte or of a second compound whose level depends on the level of the analyte. A potential is formed between the working electrode and a reference electrode or counter / reference electrode and the resulting current is a function of the concentration of the analyte in the body fluid.

The present invention relates to an anthracene derivative and an organic electroluminescent device using the same. More specifically, the present invention relates to: a novel compound which has a core (for example, an indenoanthracene core) where both an anthracene moiety with excellent device characteristics and a fluorene moiety with excellent fluorescent properties are fused, wherein substituents (for example, a heterocyclic group such as a benzimidazole group, a benzothiazole group, a benzoxazole group, a pyridinyl group or a bipyridinyl group) with an electron transfer capacity are substituted to the core; and an organic electroluminescence element which has improved luminous efficiency, brightness, thermal stability, driving voltage, and lifetime, by comprising an organic layer which is positioned between a positive electrode and negative electrode and contains the novel compound.

A multiple function atmospheric pressure ion source interfaced to a mass spectrometer comprises multiple liquid inlet probes configured such that the sprays from two or more probes intersect in a mixing region. Gas phase sample ions or neutral species generated in the spray of one probe can react with reagent gas ions generated from one or more other probes by such ionization methods as Electrospray, photoionization, corona discharge and glow discharge ionization. Reagent ions may be optimally selected to promote such processes as Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization of neutral sample molecules, or charge reduction or electron transfer dissociation of multiply charged sample ions. Selected neutral reagent species can also be introduced into the mixing region to promote charge reduction of multiply charged sample ions through ion-neutral reactions. Different operating modes can be performed alternately or simultaneously, and can be rapidly turned on and off under manual or software control.

There is provided the reagent layer composition that can substantially reduce the measurement bias arising from hematocrits. The addition of fatty acid (4-20 carbons) and quaternary ammonium salt to a commonly used reagent layer composition composed of an enzyme, an electron transfer mediator, and several water soluble polymers not only reduce the hematocrit level-dependent bias but also provide very stable performance for an extended period of time. Disclosed are also various types of sub microliter sample volume electrochemical biosensors that are suitable to use with the reagent layer composition of present invention.

A sensor designed to determine the amount and concentration of analyte in a sample having a volume of less than about 1 μL. The sensor has a working electrode coated with a non-leachable redox mediator. The redox mediator acts as an electron transfer agent between the analyte and the electrode. In addition, a second electron transfer agent, such as an enzyme, can be added to facilitate the electrooxidation or electroreduction of the analyte. The redox mediator is typically a redox compound bound to a polymer. The preferred redox mediators are air-oxidizable. The amount of analyte can be determined by coulometry. One particular coulometric technique includes the measurement of the current between the working electrode and a counter or reference electrode at two or more times. The charge passed by this current to or from the analyte is correlated with the amount of analyte in the sample. Other electrochemical detection methods, such as amperometric, voltammetric, and potentiometric techniques, can also be used. The invention can be used to determine the concentration of a biomolecule, such as glucose or lactate, in a biological fluid, such as blood or serum. An enzyme capable of catalyzing the electrooxidation or electroreduction of the biomolecule is provided as a second electron transfer agent.

A method for electronically transferring funds between a sender and a recipient includes receiving at an initiating terminal a designation of an amount of funds to be electronically transferred from the sender; receiving at the initiating terminal a security code from the sender; generating a unique personal identification number; providing the unique personal identification number to the sender; storing the designation of an amount of funds, the security code and the unique personal identification number at a central terminal in communication with the initiating terminal; providing a manned kiosk including a kiosk agent; receiving the unique personal identification number and the security code at the manned kiosk from the recipient; communicating the unique personal identification number and the security code provided by the recipient to the central terminal; comparing the unique personal identification number and the security code provided by the recipient to the stored unique personal identification number and stored security code at the central terminal; and dispensing funds corresponding to the designation of an amount of funds at the manned kiosk by the kiosk agent if the unique personal identification number and the security code provided by the recipient match the stored unique personal identification number and the stored security code.

A system and method for allowing simplified electronic transfer of funds in files subject to sender-defined access constraints. In one aspect of the system and method, a digital currency file is transmitted as an attachment to an electronic message. The sender of the digital currency file defines the level of security associated with the file, i.e., what the recipient must provide to access the funds.

A sensor utilizing a non-leachable or diffusible redox mediator is described. The sensor includes a sample chamber to hold a sample in electrolytic contact with a working electrode, and in at least some instances, the sensor also contains a non-leachable or a diffusible second electron transfer agent. The sensor and / or the methods used produce a sensor signal in response to the analyte that can be distinguished from a background signal caused by the mediator. The invention can be used to determine the concentration of a biomolecule, such as glucose or lactate, in a biological fluid, such as blood or serum, using techniques such as coulometry, amperometry, and potentiometry. An enzyme capable of catalyzing the electrooxidation or electroreduction of the biomolecule is typically provided as a second electron transfer agent.

A method and apparatus provides a decisioning solution for merchants accepting Internet transactions, integrated with means for processing payments electronically. The invention claimed herein provides features, such as, but not limited to, electronic transfer of funds, authentication of parties, seemless integration with merchant's Web page, and reporting of suspicious activity.

Compositions and methods for electrochemical detection and localization of genetic point mutations and other base-stacking perturbations within oligonucleotide duplexes adsorbed onto electrodes and their use in biosensing technologies are described. An intercalative, redox-active moiety (such as an intercalator or nucleic acid-binding protein) is adhered and / or crosslinked to immobilized DNA duplexes at different separations from an electrode and probed electrochemically in the presence or absence of a non-intercalative, redox-active moiety. Interruptions in DNA-mediated electron-transfer caused by base-stacking perturbations, such as mutations or binding of a protein to its recognition site are reflected in a difference in electrical current, charge and / or potential.

A sensor utilizing a non-leachable or diffusible redox mediator is described. The sensor includes a sample chamber to hold a sample in electrolytic contact with a working electrode, and in at least some instances, the sensor also contains a non-leachable or a diffusible second electron transfer agent. The sensor and / or the methods used produce a sensor signal in response to the analyte that can be distinguished from a background signal caused by the mediator. The invention can be used to determine the concentration of a biomolecule, such as glucose or lactate, in a biological fluid, such as blood or serum, using techniques such as coulometry, amperometry, and potentiometry. An enzyme capable of catalyzing the electrooxidation or electroreduction of the biomolecule is typically provided as a second electron transfer agent.

A method and apparatus provides a decisioning solution for merchants accepting Internet transactions, integrated with means for processing payments electronically. The invention claimed herein provides features, such as, but not limited to, electronic transfer of funds, authentication of parties, seemless integration with merchant's Web page, and reporting of suspicious activity.

A reagent is suitable for measuring the concentration of an analyte in a hemoglobin-containing biological fluid, such as whole blood. The reagent comprises a flavin-dependent enzyme that has specificity for the analyte, a flavin cofactor if, and only if, a flavin is not bound to the enzyme, a tetrazolium dye precursor, an electron transfer agent, and a nitrite salt. The reagent causes dye formation that is a measure of the analyte concentration. The nitrite salt suppresses interfering dye formation caused non-enzymatically by the hemoglobin. Preferably, the reagent is used in a dry strip for measuring glucose in whole blood.

A quantum dot electroluminescence device and a method of fabricating the same are provided. The quantum dot electroluminescence device comprises an insulating substrate; a quantum dot luminescence layer supported by the insulating substrate, and composed of a monolayer or multilayer of quantum dots, which are cross-linked by a cross-link agent; an anode electrode and a cathode electrode connected to an external power supply to inject carriers to the quantum dot luminescence layer; a hole transfer layer interposed between the anode electrode and the quantum dot luminescence layer, and composed of p-type polymer semiconductor; and an electron transfer layer interposed between the cathode electrode and the quantum dot luminescence layer, and composed of metal oxide or n-type polymer semiconductor.

The invention discloses fluororesin radiating paint and a preparation method thereof. The paint mainly comprises an electron transfer type organic compound, graphene, a carbon nanotube, titanium white, other additives and fluororesin, wherein the fluororesin is a paint brand having the highest comprehensive property at present; the electron transfer type organic compound can greatly enhance the thermal radiation rate of the paint; the graphene and the carbon nanotube can further accelerate thermal conduction; and the electron transfer type organic compound, the carbon nanotube and the graphene finally form a full three-dimensional network distribution of granules (electron transfer type organic compound), wires (carbon nanotube) and planes (graphene) in a fluid. The fluororesin radiating paint disclosed by the invention has high thermal radiation rate, high thermal conductivity and low thermal resistance, can realize radiation cooling, and simultaneously has the effects of self cleaning, acid / alkali resistance and super high insulativity, thereby having high practical value.

A method for crediting a customer account maintained by a vendor of services in response to payment received from a customer is disclosed herein. The method includes issuing, to the customer, a membership account number associated with at least the customer account. A membership account number and a payment corresponding to a requested amount of a service offered by the vendor are received from the customer at a point-of-sale. The method further includes generating, at the point-of-sale, an authorization message including at least the membership account number and embedded transaction information identifying the service offered by the vendor and the requested amount. The embedded transaction information is then communicated from the point-of-sale to a database server. The customer account is credited, in response to the embedded transaction information, based upon an amount of the payment. The method also includes electronically transferring funds based upon the amount of the payment from a first account associated with the point-of-sale to a second account associated with the vendor.

A reagent is suitable for measuring the concentration of an analyte in a hemoglobin-containing biological fluid, such as whole blood. The reagent comprises a flavin-dependent enzyme that has specificity for the analyte, a flavin cofactor if, and only if, a flavin is not bound to the enzyme, a tetrazolium dye precursor, an electron transfer agent, and a nitrite salt. The reagent causes dye formation that is a measure of the analyte concentration. The nitrite salt suppresses interfering dye formation caused non-enzymatically by the hemoglobin. Preferably, the reagent is used in a dry strip for measuring glucose in whole blood.

The invention relates to nucleic acids covalently coupled to electrodes via conductive oligomers. More particularly, the invention is directed to the site-selective modification of nucleic acids with electron transfer moieties and electrodes to produce a new class of biomaterials, and to methods of making and using them.

The invention relates to nucleic acids covalently coupled to electrodes via conductive oligomers. More particularly, the invention is directed to the site-selective modification of nucleic acids with electron transfer moieties and electrodes to produce a new class of biomaterials, and to methods of making and using them.

The invention discloses a melt-blown polypropylene material as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The melt-blown polypropylene material comprises the following components: 80-99 parts of polypropylene resin; 0.5 to 10 parts of antibacterial and antiviral electret masterbatch; 0.1 to 1 part of a free radical initiator; 0.1 to 0.5 part of a nucleating agent; 0.01 to 3 parts of anantioxidant; 0-3 parts of a lubricant. According to the invention, inorganic antibacterial and antiviral particles are introduced into melt-blown polypropylene; the material is endowed with intrinsicantibacterial and antiviral characteristics; after the melt-blown non-woven fabric is prepared, when viruses and bacteria are filtered, the viruses and bacteria remain on the melt-blown layer, the nano material on the composite material can rapidly wrap the viruses and bacteria, attack the bacteria and viruses, synergistically destroy the structure of the bacteria and viruses and block electron transfer of the bacteria and viruses, so that the effects of killing the viruses and bacteria and the like are achieved, and the material has excellent antibacterial performance and antiviral performance and high filtering efficiency.

The invention relates to nucleic acids covalently coupled to electrodes via conductive oligomers. More particularly, the invention is directed to the site-selective modification of nucleic acids with electron transfer moieties and electrodes to produce a new class of biomaterials, and to methods of making and using them.

The invention relates to a reaction cell for reactions between different types of ion species and a related mass spectrometer to analyze the ion products. The invention consists in an RF-operated straight ion guide with a side inlet, particularly suitable for reactions between positive and negative ion species, one ion species being fed in through the side inlet. Particularly favorable is an ion guide made up of a set of coaxial apertured diaphragms with a slight axial potential gradient. The reactions can be used for a fragmentation of multiply charged protein or peptide ions by electron transfer, or for the removal of excess charges of multiply charged biopolymer ions, for example.

There is provided with an enzyme electrode which can be used as a sensor with high sensitivity, a biofuel cell with high output, and an electrochemical reaction device with high reaction efficiency. The enzyme electrode has a conductive base plate, a fusion protein immobilized to the conductive base plate and an electron transfer mediator, wherein the fusion protein is a fusion protein of a enzyme 1 to catalyze a chemical reaction for producing a reaction product 1 from a reaction substrate 1 and a enzyme 2 to catalyze a chemical reaction for producing a reaction product 2 from a reaction substrate 2, and at least one chemical substance of the reaction product 1 is identical to at least one chemical substance of the reaction substrate 2.

The present disclosure provides for a method of forming, producing or manufacturing functionalized and soluble nanomaterials, most specifically carbon nanotubes on a substrate, which can be used in the production or manufacture of biofuel cells. One embodiment provides for the coupling of biofuel cells with a nanomaterial, wherein the nanomaterial supports catalytic enzymes. Another embodiment provides for a biofuel cell which uses enzymes immobilized on nanomaterials as electrodes. Another embodiment provides for the construction of a biofuel cell, wherein the application of a microwave process, and / or an electrochemical technique, is used to develop a biofuel cell having nanomaterial / enzyme-based electrodes on a substrate. Another embodiment provides for a composite of nanomaterial grown on a substrate, coupled to tethered or bonded enzymes, which makes it possible to fabricate direct electron transfer electrodes. Another embodiment provides for an implanted device. Another embodiment provides for a biofuel cell that can also function as a biosensor. A method for producing a nanomaterial-substrate system is also disclosed.

A system and method for transferring fungible electronic money is disclosed. The system and method include two or more Central Banks that guarantee the electronic money within an electronic communications network, the electronic money being an authenticated and fungible currency capable of electronic transfer. The system and method further include registering a first user within the electronic services network, registering a second user within the electronic services network, receiving a request from the first user to transfer at least a portion of the electronic money to the second user, and electronically transferring the at least a portion of the electronic money to a mobile device belonging to the second user in response to the request received from the first user, wherein the electronic transfer occurs within the electronic communications network.

A quantum dot electroluminescence device and a method of fabricating the same are provided. The quantum dot electroluminescence device comprises an insulating substrate; a quantum dot luminescence layer supported by the insulating substrate, and composed of a monolayer or multilayer of quantum dots, which are cross-linked by a cross-link agent; an anode electrode and a cathode electrode connected to an external power supply to inject carriers to the quantum dot luminescence layer; a hole transfer layer interposed between the anode electrode and the quantum dot luminescence layer, and composed of p-type polymer semiconductor; and an electron transfer layer interposed between the cathode electrode and the quantum dot luminescence layer, and composed of metal oxide or n-type polymer semiconductor.

The invention provides a novel compound, which has stable compound property, a simple preparation process, high luminous efficiency and high carrier mobility and can be applied to a phosphorescent main body material and an electron transfer layer of an electroluminescent element. According to an applied device, the driving voltage can be reduced remarkably, and the current efficiency is increased. The structural general formula of the compound is shown as a formula I, wherein a mother nucleus is selected from triphenylene; terminal groups Ar1, Ar2 and Ar3 are selected from a pyridine group, a phenyl group, a biphenylyl group or a naphthyl group; A, B and C are chemical bonds or aromatic rings with 6-30 carbon atoms; and m, n and p are integers of 0-2.