97 results about "Nucleus" patented technology

The embodiment of the invention discloses an electrical stimulation parameter determination method, device and equipment, a medium and a medical system. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring a brain three-dimensional model corresponding to a target user of which the brain is implanted with at least one stimulation electrode; determining at least one electrode contact combination corresponding to the target nucleus simulation model according to the first spatial position information of the target nucleus simulation model and the second spatial position information of the electrode simulation model; determining at least one group of candidate electrical stimulation parameters of the electrode contact combination according to the electrode contact combination and a target nucleus simulation model; determining the total power consumption of the stimulator of the candidate electrical stimulation parameters according to a preset total power consumption quantitative model of the stimulator and the candidate electrical stimulation parameters; and determining at least one group of target recommended electrical stimulation parameters from the plurality of groups of candidate electrical stimulation parameters according to the total power consumption of the plurality of stimulators. According to the technical scheme, the effect of accurately screening the recommended electrical stimulation parameters with low energy consumption and efficient stimulation effect according to the electrical stimulation power consumption is achieved.

The invention relates to the technical field of nerve regulation and control, and provides a closed-loop ultrasonic brain-computer interface regulation and control method for improving post-stroke dysfunction, which comprises the following steps: S1, constructing integrated closed-loop ultrasonic brain-computer interface equipment which comprises a behavior control unit, a signal generator unit, a power amplifier unit and an electrophysiological signal monitoring unit; s2, constructing a mouse model, and embedding an electrode provided for the electrophysiological signal monitoring unit for monitoring; s3, dividing the mouse model into a random stimulation group and a brain-computer interface treatment group, and simultaneously performing closed-loop ultrasonic stimulation for preset time; s4, after closed-loop ultrasonic stimulation for a preset time, performing various behavioral test evaluations including representation of a sensory movement function and representation of an emotional emotion function; and S5, carrying out neural circuit remodeling evaluation, and observing the projection change of the high-order thalamus PO nuclei region of the mouse to the primary cortex. In the aspects of targeting, closed-loop control and integrated design, the method is expected to become a novel and effective post-stroke dysfunction treatment method.

The invention discloses an environment-emotion gradient association memristive neural network circuit based on a TAP cell regulation mechanism. The environment-emotion gradient association memristive neural network circuit is composed of a hippocampus module and an amygdala kernel module. The hippocampus module comprises an environment recognition neuron module and an emotion generation neuron module; the environment recognition neuron module and the emotion generation neuron module are each composed of a weight regulation and control module adj based on a TAP cell regulation mechanism, an adder, a memristor, a resistor, an operational amplifier, a function module ABM1 and a sampling holder. Wherein the weight regulation and control module adj is composed of a voltage-controlled switch, a summator, a function module ABM2 and a function module ABM3. The almond kernel module is composed of a weight regulation and control module adj, a memristor, a resistor, an operational amplifier and a sampling holder. The provided circuit simulates the hippocampus and amygdala nucleus of the brain in structure, the regulation principle of TAP cells on neural stem cells is used for reference in a weight regulation mechanism, and bidirectional gradient associated memory of the environment and the emotion can be achieved.

The invention provides a deep brain stimulation method and system based on controllable current vectors of high-channel-number electrodes, and the method comprises the following steps: implanting two electrodes into a target region, and enabling a nucleus of the target region to be located between the two electrodes; by selecting different contacts on the stimulating electrodes, multiple channels of induced currents in different directions are generated in a plane constructed by the two electrodes; vector current is formed through vector superposition of the induction current of each channel, and the vector current acts on the target nuclei. The high-channel-number electrodes are adopted, programming control is carried out between the two electrodes, accurate control over current vectors is achieved, control over the magnitude and direction of target region nuclei stimulation current is accurately achieved through current vector superposition, therefore, a brain lesion area can be stimulated more accurately, meanwhile, the current vectors can be accurately controlled, and the stimulation effect of the brain lesion area is improved. And unnecessary current is prevented from diffusing to surrounding normal brain tissues, so that side effects caused by stimulation of a non-target area are reduced.

The invention discloses application of (20S)-ginsenoside Rh1 in preparation of drugs for preventing and / or improving cerebral arterial thrombosis, and relates to the technical field of medical application of natural drugs. The invention verifies that (20S)-ginsenoside Rh1 up-regulates the expression of an anti-apoptosis gene by promoting STAT3 phosphorylation and translocation to a cell nucleus, so that the (20S)-ginsenoside Rh1 plays a role in protecting neuronal injury induced by sugar oxygen deprivation. In MCAO model mice, the (20S)-ginsenoside Rh1 obviously relieves the symptom of ischemic cerebral apoplexy and has positive influence on neurodegenerative events related to cerebral infarction, and the anti-apoptosis and neuroprotection effects are most prominent. Mechanism research shows that (20S)-ginsenoside Rh1 plays a therapeutic role in PC12 cell and MCAO model mice by activating a JAK2 / STAT3 signal channel.

The invention discloses a high-channel clinical microelectrode array intelligent brain function positioning system and method, and belongs to the field of electronic information and the technical field of clinical disease diagnosis and treatment. The system comprises a microelectrode array implanted in the brain, a signal processing and transmission unit and a signal identification unit. The microelectrode array adopts a multi-channel design, so that neural electrophysiological signals and transmitter chemical signals in different depths and directions can be synchronously detected, and the resolution ratio of a single cell level is achieved. The signal processing and transmission unit is responsible for signal acquisition, amplification and transmission and applying electrical stimulation; and the signal identification unit carries out real-time processing on the signal through a convolutional neural network algorithm, rapidly identifies a target nucleus and realizes accurate positioning. The nerve cell discharge and transmitter release can be monitored in real time at different depths and in different directions, rapid and accurate target spot positioning can be achieved by means of an advanced intelligent algorithm, and a more reliable basis is provided for DBS surgery.

A pathway planning apparatus includes a processor configured to plan a pathway for implanting an electrode lead into a brain of a patient, wherein the planned pathway satisfies the following condition: if the electrode lead is implanted into the brain of the patient according to the pathway, the electrode lead is capable of simultaneously making contact with an anterior limb of an internal capsule and a nucleus accumbens in one hemisphere of a brain of the patient. The pathway planned by the pathway planning apparatus enables the electrode lead to simultaneously deliver the electrical stimulation to the anterior limb of the internal capsule and the nucleus accumbens such that a combined electrical stimulation therapy is achieved, which has a better effect of treating diseases such as addictive behaviors, depressive disorders, and obsessive-compulsive disorders.

The utility model belongs to the technical field of biological instruments, and relates to an in-vivo multi-photon microscopic imaging sleeve for long-term recording. The sleeve is a transparent cylinder made of quartz glass, and a hollow aluminum foil sheet for fixing the skull is adhered to the sleeve; the inner diameter of the sleeve can be selected by a user as required; the hollow aluminum foil sheet can be pressed according to the diameter of the quartz glass column, the inner diameter of the hollow aluminum foil sheet is consistent with the diameter of the quartz glass column, the hollow aluminum foil sheet is embedded in the periphery of the sleeve, and the sleeve is embedded in the hollow inner diameter of the hollow aluminum foil sheet through UV shadowless glue. The use result shows that the sleeve for in-vivo multi-photon microscopic imaging is simple in structure and convenient to use, not only can be flexibly adapted to in-vivo multi-photon microscopic imaging of nuclei in different brain regions, but also can greatly improve the image resolution of cells in a specified region, so that the in-vivo multi-photon microscopic imaging can be realized. The method is a powerful means for improving information data acquisition and obtaining more accurate and effective information.

A method for generating magnetic resonance (MR) images of a kidney region or a brain of a subject using multinuclear magnetic resonance imaging MRI includes performing, using an MRI system, an Na-nuclei pulse sequence module to acquire a portion of a first set of MR data from the kidney or brain region of the subject and performing, using the MRI system, an H-nuclei pulse sequence module to acquire a portion of a second set of MR data from the kidney or brain region of the subject. The Na-nuclei pulse sequence module and the H-nuclei pulse sequence module may be repeated in an interleaved manner until acquisition of the first set of MR data and the second set of MR data are complete. The method further includes generating at least one Na-based image using the first set of MR data, generating at least one H-based image using the second set of MR data and displaying one or more of the at least one Na-based image and the at least one H-based image on a display.

Methods and apparatuses for detecting and metrics described herein, e.g., disc budge (e.g., beaking), nuclear tail, nucleus boundary and nucleus disruption score may be highly predictive and may be used as part of a patient treatment. In particular, described herein are methods and apparatuses for identifying from one or more images of a patient's spine, one or more of: a disc budge score (e.g., beaking score), nuclear tail score, nucleus boundary score and nucleus disruption score, and using this score to propose, or modify a patient treatment.

The invention belongs to the technical field of medicines, and particularly relates to an N-propyl-4-phenylindole derivative as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The structure of the N-propyl-4-phenylindole derivative is as shown in the specification. The compound takes an indole ring as a parent nucleus, a phenyl substituent is introduced to the fourth site of the parent nucleus, a flexible n-propyl connecting chain is connected to the first site of the parent nucleus, the hydrophobic interaction with a receptor is enhanced through 4-phenyl, the overall physicochemical properties of molecules are adjusted, diversified alkaline amino fragments are flexibly connected through an N-propyl chain, and the compound is obtained. And the N-propyl-4-phenylindole derivative is obtained. Through the unique structure, strong H3 receptor antagonistic activity and anticonvulsion effect are achieved, and meanwhile, the compound has good safety and central nervous system penetrability and is expected to be developed into a new generation of high-efficiency and low-toxicity antiepileptic drug.

The application discloses a high-channel clinical microelectrode array intelligent brain function positioning system and method, and belongs to the fields of electronic information and clinical disease diagnosis and treatment technologies. The system comprises a microelectrode array implanted in the brain, a signal processing and transmission unit and a signal identification unit. The microelectrode array adopts a multi-channel design, can synchronously detect neural electrophysiological signals and transmitter chemical signals of different depths and directions, and has a resolution of a single cell level. The signal processing and transmission unit is responsible for signal acquisition, amplification and transmission, and applies electrical stimulation; the signal identification unit performs real-time processing on the signals through a convolutional neural network algorithm, quickly identifies target nuclei, and realizes accurate positioning. The application can realize real-time monitoring of neural cell discharges and transmitter releases at different depths and different directions, and can realize rapid and accurate target positioning with the aid of advanced intelligent algorithms, thereby providing a more reliable basis for DBS surgery.

This utility model relates to medicine and can be used in neurosurgery. It is used as a means of accessing the intervertebral disc between the 5th lumbar and 1st sacral vertebrae at a 90-degree angle for laser vaporization. The utility model achieves the following technical results: 1. A minimally invasive, minimally invasive approach to the intervertebral disc at the L5-S1 level. 2. Allows to improve the effectiveness of treatment and achieve maximum pain relief in polysegmental lesions of intervertebral discs 3. Prior to this utility model, attempts were made to perform laser vaporization of the disc at the L5-S1 vertebral body level from anatomically inconvenient locations, which was accompanied by a long time interval, prolonged pain for the patient, the end of the electrode was not in the center of the nucleus pulposus, sometimes even on the cortical layer of the vertebral bodies, as a result of which the maximum effect of vaporization was not obtained, or aseptic inflammation of the bone tissue of the vertebrae was obtained. This utility model eliminates the above-mentioned issues, reducing vaporization time. The essence of this utility model is that, using this trocar and drilling stylet, we provide direct access to the L5-S1 intervertebral disc. Laser vaporization of this disc has not previously been performed due to its anatomical limitations.

The invention discloses an application of a preparation for inhibiting the interaction of SPP1 / CD44 in preparing a medicine for preventing and / or treating nucleus pulposus cell degeneration, and relates to a method for effectively improving the nucleus pulposus cell function and degeneration by inhibiting the interaction of SPP1 / CD44 and inhibiting the nucleus pulposus cell degeneration induced by M1 macrophages. Potential intervention mechanisms and targets are provided for clinical prevention and treatment of the intervertebral disc degenerative diseases, and important research significance and clinical application prospects are achieved.

The application carries out quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) reconstruction on original gradient echo data (GRE), then constructs an individual space standardization QSM brain template by using structural images, carries out linear and nonlinear registration processing on QSM images of all subjects and the brain template, so as to achieve the purpose of standardization processing of the QSM images; meanwhile, the structural images are automatically segmented, the gray matter and white matter masks obtained after segmentation are used to carry out matrix point multiplication on the QSM images, then the standardized QSM images are smoothed and corresponding smoothing compensation is carried out; in FSL, a general linear model is constructed, and voxel-level whole brain statistical analysis is carried out on the QSM images; the masks obtained after automatic nucleus segmentation are used to extract the susceptibility values of corresponding deep nuclei in the QSM images; the whole process does not need to manually draw the interested region, and the quantitative analysis of the susceptibility values based on voxels and based on the interested region can be automatically completed, and the repeatability, comparability and reliability are greatly improved.

The present invention relates to a female neuroendoscope sleeve assembly for deep ventricles, comprising a primary sleeve, a primary sleeve core, a secondary sleeve, and a secondary sleeve core. The primary sleeve and the secondary sleeve can be nested with each other to construct a primary channel, and the secondary sleeve and the secondary sleeve core can be nested with each other and inserted into the primary sleeve to construct a secondary channel. Through the orderly coordination of the various components in the assembly, the replacement between a primary sleeve with a larger diameter and a shorter tube length for shallow brain tissue surgery and a secondary sleeve with a smaller diameter and a longer tube length for deep brain tissue surgery can be completed through coaxial exchange technology. The use of a thinner, more mobile, less brain-damaging, and more accurately positioned secondary sub-tube to enter deep tissue or ventricles is very beneficial to the protection of deep brain functional nuclei and numerous thin-walled arteries and veins in the ventricular wall, reducing surgical side effects, lowering surgical risks, and improving the patient's neurological function prognosis.

This invention relates to the field of biomedical image processing technology, and discloses a method and system for quantitative analysis of hypothalamic immunofluorescence images. The method includes: performing spectral unmixing on multispectral fluorescence microscopy images based on a nonnegative matrix factorization algorithm to obtain a clean signal distribution map; using Gaussian Laplace filtering and watershed transform to achieve cell detection and segmentation; performing affine and B-spline registration between slice images and standard brain atlases to generate regions of interest masks for neural nuclei; using a local background adaptive correction strategy to perform fluorescence quantification and positive determination; and calculating Pearson correlation coefficient and Manders overlap coefficient to achieve colocalization analysis. The system includes a spectral unmixing module, a cell detection and segmentation module, an atlas registration and region recognition module, a fluorescence intensity quantification module, and a colocalization analysis and statistical output module.

To provide a separation and discrimination method of a nucleus pulposus precursor cell, and application thereof.SOLUTION: Provided is a separation and discrimination method of a nucleus pulposus precursor cell, where a large number of tissue blocks are divided from a nucleus pulposus tissue, and the tissue blocks are left to stand and cultured in a culture dish after performing hydrolysis by enzyme. When cells are formed into the partition blocks on a bottom of the culture dish, a nucleus pulposus precursor cell is screened from the partition blocks by using a specific embryonic stem cell gene (e.g., Nanog, Oct-4, SOX2). Further, the method can screen a nucleus pulposus precursor cell having moving performance and / or mesenchymal stem cell properties by using a specific protein and a gene marker, and further can screen a nucleus pulposus precursor cell having anti-inflammatory performance. Finally, disclosed is application used for producing a pharmaceutical composition treating lower back pain by using the nucleus pulposus precursor cell obtained by the method, and a new therapy strategy to lower back pain is provided.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 6

Methods and apparatus for segmenting cell nuclei in medical images apply first and second trained machine learning algorithms. The first trained machine learning algorithm processes a medical image to provide center locations of cell nuclei depicted in the image. The second machine learning algorithm processes each of a plurality of patches of the image. Each of the patches correspond to one of the plurality of center locations. Processing each patch yields a nuclear boundary corresponding to the corresponding one of the center locations. The methods and apparatus allow associating individual pixels of the image with one or more than one nuclei and have been shown to be effective for instance segmentation of nuclei in clusters of overlapping cell nuclei.

The invention provides a social disorder animal model construction method based on a basal lateral amygdaloid nucleus-screen nucleus neural circuit and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of animal model construction. The method comprises the following steps: injecting a viral vector carrying a photosensitive protein gene or a photosuppressive protein gene into amygdaloid nucleus on the outer side of an animal basal to express neurons of cholecystokinin or neurons of CaMKII alpha; embedding an optical fiber above the screen-shaped core; first light stimulation is applied through an optical fiber to activate nerve projection from amygdaloid nucleus on the outer side of the substrate to the screen nucleus, and a social disorder animal model is obtained; or applying a second photostimulus to inhibit the projection, resulting in a social disorder relief animal model. According to the invention, specific photogenetic regulation and control of the BLACCK +-CLA neural circuit is realized for the first time, social behaviors can be accurately regulated and controlled without interfering with movement and anxiety levels, and a reliable experimental tool is provided for mechanism research and drug screening of social obstacles.

The application relates to a stimulating coil for deep brain area nerve regulation, which is in an elliptical shape, has 6 turns, a short inner diameter of 5-15 mm, a long inner diameter of 15-40 mm, a wire width of 1.5 mm, a wire height of 1 mm, an axial spacing of 2 mm and a radial spacing of 1 mm. A transcranial magnetic stimulation system is electrically connected with two stimulating coils respectively. A transcranial magnetic stimulation method is used to symmetrically fix the two stimulating coils on the two sides of the head and make the stimulating coils close to the head; a power supply unit is used to rapidly discharge the two stimulating coils to induce a short strong pulse current in the stimulating coils and form a strong magnetic field of 1T-4T around the stimulating coils, so that the nucleus of the lamina and part of the hippocampus in the deep brain area are stimulated. The beneficial effect is that the stimulating effect on the deep brain area is excellent, especially in the aspect of accurately targeting specific brain areas, the nucleus of the lamina can be effectively stimulated, and part of the hippocampus can be touched.

This invention discloses a method, apparatus, device, medium, and medical system for determining brain surgical pathways. The method involves acquiring a brain structure model of a target user and at least one target point; determining the information transmission relationship between each nucleus sub-model and each neural fiber sub-model based on the brain structure model; determining multiple candidate surgical plans based on multiple preset path starting points, the target nucleus sub-model to which at least one target point belongs, and the information transmission relationship; evaluating the quality of each candidate surgical plan using a quantitative evaluation model based on at least one evaluation dimension, and determining the path quality attributes corresponding to each candidate surgical plan; determining at least one recommended surgical plan based on each path quality attribute; automatically generating multiple candidate paths that conform to neural conduction characteristics; and selecting the optimal plan through a quantitative evaluation model. This approach improves surgical accuracy while effectively reducing the risk of brain tissue damage and the complexity of surgical procedures.

The application relates to an intelligent diagnosis method for cervical cell atrophy levels, and relates to the problem that intelligent discrimination of cervical cell atrophy degrees is lacking in automatic pathological diagnosis technology. Cervical vaginal squamous epithelium is divided into surface layer cells, middle layer cells and basal layer cells, and ovarian estrogen affects the growth and maturity of the cells; a decrease in estrogen level can cause symptoms such as atrophic vaginitis and osteoporosis, which need to be treated in time; at present, squamous cell atrophy diagnosis is not clear enough, and there are few reports on atrophy degree diagnosis research, so it is of great significance to establish a systematic and intelligent diagnosis process for cervical cell atrophy degree discrimination. In order to improve the problem, the application provides an intelligent diagnosis method for cervical cell atrophy levels; the method first detects the surface layer cells, the middle layer cells and the basal layer cells by using a target detection model, then segments the cell nucleus of each layer of cells detected by using an instance segmentation model, and finally calculates the cell quantity ratio, the nucleus-cytoplasm ratio and the cell crowding degree index of each layer; the indexes are input into a random forest classification model to grade the atrophy degree; it is known through sufficient experimental verification that good effects are achieved in cervical cell atrophy degree discrimination. The application is applied to cervical cell atrophy degree discrimination.

Mitosis may be detected using a two-step detection method. This type of detection method may include obtaining a detection output by applying a detection model to a tissue image. Subsequently, for each core in the set of cores identified as undergoing mitotic in the detection output, a deterministic determination is made for that core. Then, for each core in the subset of cores, a classification model may be applied to the core based on a relationship between the confidence of the core and a first threshold. An output may then be provided that identifies each core in the detection output that is identified as experiencing mitotic and whose confidence is above a first threshold as being experiencing mitotic. Further, the output may identify each of the subset of cores that is identified as being subjected to mitosis in the classification results obtained for that core as being subjected to mitosis.

Disclosed herein are methods for regulating an immune response using selective activation of neurons in the caudal nucleus of the solitary tract.

The present invention discloses a method for individual structural target localization of transcranial magnetic stimulation based on diffusion-weighted imaging. The present invention adopts a precise localization method for individual structures of transcranial magnetic stimulation based on diffusion-weighted imaging, which can not only solve the limitation that conventional TMS cannot have a specific effect on deep nuclei, but also transmit electrical stimulation from the superficial cortex of the brain to deep nuclei through white matter structural connections in a non-invasive manner, avoiding the adverse risks existing in traditional deep brain electrical stimulation. At the same time, when providing an individualized stimulation target plan for patients, this method uses a white matter structural connection index that is more stable than the functional connection strength calculated by resting-state functional magnetic resonance, providing a precise intervention guidance plan that is more stable and reliable in time and has neuroanatomical significance while solving the problem of strong individual heterogeneity in patients with mental disorders.

The invention belongs to the technical field of nucleus visual identification, and discloses a method for identifying and predicting the nucleus position of an oocyte by using a computer image, which comprises the following steps of: dividing the oocyte into a mature oocyte and an immature oocyte, and acquiring an oocyte image; dividing the oocyte image into a mature oocyte image and an immature oocyte image; carrying out visual imaging operation on the nucleus of the oocyte, and meanwhile, carrying out image annotation on an oocyte photo; performing data amplification on images containing mature oocytes and cell nucleus positions, and dividing the images into a training set and a verification set; a computer vision framework is trained using the data set. According to the method disclosed by the invention, the cell nucleus position of the mammal oocyte is predicted by utilizing a computer visual identification technology, the enucleation accuracy is improved from 53.84% to 92.30%, and the accuracy of judging the cell nucleus position of the oocyte in a somatic cell nucleus transplantation process is improved.

The present disclosure relates to a method for training a cervical cell segmentation network, a cervical cell segmentation method, and an apparatus. The method includes: adding an attention module to the connection structure between the encoder and the decoder of a U-shaped network to obtain a U-shaped attention network, where the U-shaped attention network is used to determine the nucleus region in a cervical cell image according to the importance of the cervical cell feature channels and the importance of the spatial regions obtained through the attention module; connecting each downsampling module and the first residual module in the encoder of the U-shaped attention network with dilated convolution to obtain a cervical cell segmentation network, where the cervical cell segmentation network is used to determine the abnormal cell region in the cervical cell image according to the complex hierarchical feature information and the simple hierarchical feature information in the cervical cell image obtained through the dilation factor of the dilated convolution. By using this method, it is possible to accurately extract the abnormally shaped nuclei and abnormally shaped cells in the cervical cell image without introducing a large number of parameters and computational amounts.

This invention discloses a brain rehabilitation state recognition method based on multimodal image fusion, comprising: acquiring multimodal brain image data, performing preprocessing to form a standardized image set; constructing a dual-branch dynamic gated VM-UNet network to complete brain region functional partitioning and extract multimodal brain region features; constructing a dual-channel counterfactual generator for damage compensation to generate a surrogate reference and complete differential occlusion processing; extracting the functional energy regeneration phase of structural pathways based on the comparison between current features and the reference; jointly analyzing the closure relationship of the regeneration phase, identifying the compensatory support nucleus, and forming candidate recovery segments; performing multi-scale random stripping verification, reconstructing the closed stable domain, and outputting the brain rehabilitation state result. This invention achieves accurate differentiation and dynamic recognition of true brain function recovery and compensatory pseudo-improvement through fine multimodal image partitioning, counterfactual surrogate reference construction, and regeneration phase closure verification.

In an illustrative embodiment, methods and systems for treating fertility conditions in women diagnosed with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), endometriosis, and / or adenomyosis using electrical neurostimulation include delivering neurostimulation therapy via electrical or mechanical stimulation elements, the neurostimulation therapy including applying first neurostimulation pulses using electrical neurostimulation or mechanical neurostimulation at one or more first regions of skin of the subject to directly and / or indirectly activate a nucleus tractus solitary (NTS) and / or a trigeminal cervical complex (TCC) to activate anti-inflammatory pathways, and applying second neurostimulation pulses using electrical neurostimulation or mechanical neurostimulation at one or more second regions of skin of the subject to directly and / or indirectly activate vagal neural fibers and / or trigeminal neural fibers, wherein the neurostimulation pulses are configured to increase a parasympathetic / sympathetic (P / S) ratio.