123 results about "Midbrain" patented technology

An electrode array (10) that is implantable within the inferior colliculus of the midbrain and/or other appropriate regions of the brain of an implantee and adapted to provide electrical stimulation thereto. The electrode array (10) an elongate member (11) having a plurality of electrodes (12) mounted thereon in a longitudinal array. A delivery cannula (30) for delivering the electrode array (10) comprised of two half-pipes (31) is also described.

A method of compensation for intra-operative brain shift of a living subject. In one embodiment, the method includes the steps of pro-operatively acquiring brain images of the living subject, constructing a statistical atlas of brain displacements of the living subject from the pro-operatively acquired brain images, intra-operatively measuring brain displacements of the living subject, deriving an intra-operative displacement atlas from the intra-operatively measured brain displacements and the statistical atlas, obtaining intra-operative brain shift at least from the intra-operative displacement atlas, and compensating for the intra-operative brain shift.

The present invention relates generally to the field of cell biology of stem cells, more specifically the directed differentiation of pluripotent or multipotent stem cells, including human embryonic stem cells (hESC), somatic stem cells, and induced human pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) using novel culture conditions. Specifically, methods are provided for obtaining neural tissue, floor plate cells, and placode including induction of neural plate development in hESCs for obtaining midbrain dopamine (DA) neurons, motorneurons, and sensory neurons. Further, neural plate tissue obtained using methods of the present inventions are contemplated for use in co-cultures with other tissues as inducers for shifting differentiation pathways, i.e. patterning.

Methods are provided for efficient production of midbrain dopaminergic (DA) neurons. In some aspects, methods involve differentiation and selection of DA neurons for a transgenic pluripotent cell population (e.g., cells comprising a selectable marker gene). Cell populations produced by the instant methods and methods of their use are likewise provided.

The present invention relates to the field of stem cell biology, in particular the lineage specific differentiation of pluripotent or multipotent stem cells, which can include, but is not limited to, human embryonic stem cells (hESC) in addition to nonembryonic human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC), somatic stem cells, stem cells from patients with a disease, or any other cell capable of lineage specific differentiation. Specifically described are methods to direct the lineage specific differentiation of hESC and/or hiPSC into floor plate midbrain progenitor cells and then further into large populations of midbrain fate FOXA2+LMX1A+TH+ dopamine (DA) neurons using novel culture conditions. The midbrain fate FOXA2+LMX1A+TH+ dopamine (DA) neurons made using the methods of the present invention are further contemplated for various uses including, but not limited to, use in in vitro drug discovery assays, neurology research, and as a therapeutic to reverse disease of, or damage to, a lack of dopamine neurons in a patient. Further, compositions and methods are provided for differentiating midbrain fate FOXA2+LMX1A+TH+ dopamine (DA) neurons from human pluripotent stem cells for use in disease modeling, in particular Parkinson's disease. Additionally, authentic DA neurons are enriched for markers, such as CD142, and A9 type neuronal cells.

A system and method for assessment of a brain status of a subject are disclosed. The brain status comprises a brain disease induced brain dysfunction. An occurrence and/or stage of the brain disease induced brain dysfunction in the subject is determined. The system comprises an apparatus that is adapted to determine the occurrence and/or stage of the brain disease induced brain dysfunction in the subject from random speech of the subject. The apparatus (200) comprises units that are operatively connected to each other, which comprises a unit (205) for registering the speech of the subject over a period of time; a unit (206) devised for analyzing the registered speech and configured to determine a pause component of the speech; and a unit that is adapted to determine the occurrence and/or stage of the brain disease induced brain dysfunction from the pause component, wherein said pause component is an accumulated pause time of a total time of said speech correlated to said occurrence and/or stage of said brain dysfunction.

The invention provides a method and device for segmenting cerebral ischemia areas in diffusion-weighted images. The method comprises the following steps of: dividing diffusion-weighted images of a plurality of super-acute ischemic stroke patients into test images and training images; training a random forest model, a learning dictionary and a support vector machine model according to the trainingimages; carrying out initial cerebral ischemia area segmentation by utilizing the trained random forest model according to grey features of voxels in the test images; determining a sparse encoding matrix of a local image block feature vector of each voxel in connected regions on the basis of the trained learning dictionary; and classifying each connected area by utilizing the trained linear support vector machine model according to a package feature of each connected area, and deleting the connected areas, in which non-ischemic tissues are located, from a first initially segmented image so asto obtain an optimal segmented image. According to the method and device, automatic recognition and segmentation of super-acute cerebral ischemia areas can be solved, and the ischemia area segmentation precision is improved.

The present invention provides compositions and methods for vector mediated gene regulation in neurons. Specifically, the present invention provides therapeutic compositions comprising viral vectors that allow for the over-expression and RNAi mediated knockdown of genes in vivo. The present invention further provides methods for treating or preventing neurodegeneration in a subject, and for protecting neurons from damage in the context of neurodegenerative disorders. Additionally, the present invention provides a composition, and use of the composition in improving animal models of neurodegeneration.

A skull endosseous module for ultrasound penetration is provided and includes a fixation sleeve permanently inserted and positioned in a drilled hole of a skull, a movable sleeve movably inserted in the fixation sleeve for providing a hollow ultrasound guiding channel; and an outer cover mounted on an outer opening of the fixation sleeve and covered by a scalp tissue. Thus, an ultrasound device outside the scalp tissue can generate ultrasounds to pass through the outer cover and the ultrasound guiding channel for affecting a target region of a brain tissue in the skull.

The invention provides siRNA targeting to synaptotagmin-11 (Syt11), an expression vector, virions and pharmaceutical applications of the SiRNA, the expression vector and the virions, belongs to the technical field of biological medicines, and in particular relates to siRNA for inhibiting the gene expression of synaptotagmin-11 (Syt11), a medicinal composition adopting the siRNA as the active ingredient, a recombinant vector expressing the siRNA, an expression virus, and applications of the siRNA, the medicinal composition, the recombinant vector and the expression virus in Parkinson diseases and other diseases relevant to the expression of the Syt 11. According to the technical scheme, aiming at the nucleotide sequence of the synaptotagmin-11 (Syt11) gene, the small interfering RNA is designed and synthesized, the shRNA expression vector and expression virus aiming at the target sequence are constructed, and the siRNA specifically targets to the Syt11 gene in the mRNA level, can effectively inhibit the expression of the Syt11, and is used for treating Parkinson syndrome and other diseases related to the expression of the Syt11. After being transferred into midbrain substantia nigranerve cells, the siRNA can effectively silence the expression of the Syt11 and reverse the pathological process of the Parkinson syndrome.

The invention discloses an application of chlorogenic acid in preparation of medicines for treating a parkinson disease. The chlorogenic acid is beneficial to reduction of the toxicity of substantia nigra and striatum neurons and activation of the autophagy activity of substantia nigra and striatum neurons in a midbrain, beneficial to adjustment of blood ketone content of a parkinson disease mice model, and beneficial to inhibition of apoptosis of substantia nigra cells in the parkinson disease mice model, and plays positive improvement and treatment roles in symptoms, pathology and the like of the parkinson disease.

The invention discloses an automatic analysis method and system based on resting-state EEG frequency domain characteristics and a brain network, and the method comprises the steps: calling a Matlab data processing script, carrying out the preprocessing of the resting-state EEG of a patient in an eye-closed state for 3 minutes, calculating the frequency domain characteristics of the EEG, and further calculating and extracting the average brain network connection strength of different brain regions and the whole brain through the traceability positioning analysis. According to the method, the first 10% of strongest connections are visualized, and the two-dimensional electroencephalogram is quickly converted into high-readability digital and image information, so that automatic batch processing of electroencephalogram frequency domain characteristics and brain network analysis in scientific research work is facilitated, the working efficiency is improved, and the labor cost is saved. And on the other hand, the abnormal frequency domain and the brain region of the patient are accurately identified by comparing and identifying with a standardized reference value of a health contrast norm, and a powerful technical means is provided for realizing individualized and precise non-invasive nerve regulation and control.

The present invention relates to a method for regulating the differentiation of neural stem cells or neural progenitor cells into dopaminergic neural cells, the method comprising increasing or inhibiting the activity of ADAM17 and/or ADAM10 in neural stem cells or neural progenitor cells, and to the use of an activator or inhibitor of ADMA17 and/or ADAM10.

The method and composition according to the invention can regulate the activity of ADAM17 and/or ADAM10 in neural stem cells or neural progenitor cells to increase dopaminergic neural cells in the midbrain area, and thereby providing the effect of treating diseases induced by the death of dopaminergic neural cells such as Parkinson's disease. In addition, the method and composition according to the invention can inhibit the activity of ADAM17 and/or ADAM10, and thereby improving effect of treating diseases such as tumor. Thus, the present invention is very useful.

The present invention provides methods of attenuating or preventing brain injury mediated damage in the central nervous system by attenuating or preventing leukotriene-mediated events following a brain injury or long-term neuroinflammation after brain injury, in Alzheimer's disease, multiple sclerosis, stroke, and post-traumatic stress disorder. The methods comprise administering at least one 5-lipoxygenase activating protein (FLAP) inhibitor either before or after the brain injury. The method finds use in the treatment of traumatic brain injury (TBI), stroke, multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, post-traumatic stress disorder and other brain injuries associated with production of leukotrienes in the central nervous system. Preferably the FLAP inhibitor is administered intranasally and preferably for certain high risk individuals prophylactically prior to any potential brain injury event.

The invention provides a method for separating and subculturing the primary neural stem cell of the human embryo midbrain. The method is used for separating, culturing and differentiating the primary neural stem cell of the human embryo midbrain in vitro by separating, culturing and identifying the neural stem cell of the human embryo midbrain. The method comprises the following steps: separating and culturing the primary neural stem cell of the human embryo midbrain, subculturing the primary cell, carrying out induced differentiation on the cell, carrying out immunocytochemical staining, and counting the number of cells. According to the method, a neural stem cell is separated from human embryo midbrain successfully by adopting the serum-free culturing and single-cell cloning technology, and the neural stem cell is cultured, subcultured and subjected to adherent differentiation observation, wherein the cell has the continuous cloning capacity and can subculture and express the neural nidogen antigen. The differentiated cell can express the specific antigens of the neuron cells, the colloid cells and oligodendroglia cells.

A comprehensive analytical method for predicting early-stage Parkinson's disease comprises the following steps: S1, reading diffusion weighted magnetic resonance data DW-MRI, carrying out noise reduction and pre-smoothing processing on all the data, carrying out modeling and imaging and fiber tracking by applying diffusion tensor imaging and high angular resolution diffusion imaging technologies to acquire voxel fiber direction information, and calculating six types of brain fiber variation analysis index data; S2, extracting and marking special brain region voxel information, selecting a continuous region as a midbrain substantia nigra region by virtue of setting a threshold value of an anisotropic fraction, and then screening and extracting the index data in interested regions; and S3, carrying out comprehensive analysis by applying a SPSS analytical tool according to the six types of brain fiber variation analysis index data obtained by the step S2 to obtain a fiber variation result on the midbrain substantia nigra regions of a testee and a normal person so as to predict the sickness status of the testee. The method provided by the invention is high in resolution and accurate and reliable.

The invention relates to the field of stem cell biology, in particular to midbrain dopaminergic neural precursor cells and a preparation method and application thereof. The midbrain dopaminergic neural precursor cell expresses Lmx1a+, Foxa2+, En1+ and Otx2+, wherein the midbrain dopaminergic neural precursor cell does not express one or more of Nkx2.1, DBX1 and GBX2. The method for preparing the mesencephalic dopaminergic neural precursor cell comprises the following steps: embryoid bodies are formed, midbrain floor cells are obtained, and midbrain dopaminergic neural precursor cells are obtained. By adopting the preparation method, the mesencephalic dopaminergic nerve cells can be rapidly and efficiently differentiated from the human pluripotent stem cells, and the problems are solved that an existing differentiation method is long in time, unstable in effect and low in efficiency, the culture system containing serum or the trophoblast cells are not conducive to the production of subsequent clinical-grade cell preparations and the like.

The invention provides a method for directionally differentiating neural stem cells in human embryo midbrain into dopaminergic neuron in vitro, and the method comprises the following steps of: isolated culture of primary cells; continuous cell culture of neural stem cells; induced differentiation culture of a nutrient solution containing ascorbic acid; differentiation culture of normal adult cerebrospinal fluid; detection of immumohistochemical staining; and cell counting. According to the method for forming dopaminergic neuron through in vitro induction, ascorbic acid of certain concentration is firstly adopted for induced differentiation, then normal adult cerebrospinal fluid is adopted for further differentiating stem cells in embryo midbrain into dopaminergic nerve cells, so that dopaminergic neuron of the highest proportion can be obtained, and the method provides a new way for generating DA (Dopi Amine) neuron effectively in vitro so as to be applied to curing Parkinson disease through clinical transplantation.

It is shown here that hedgehog proteins possess novel activities beyond phenotype specification. Using cultures derived from the embryonic day 14.5 (E14.5) rat ventral mesencephalon, we show that hedgehog is also trophic for dopaminergic neurons. Interestingly, hedgehog not only promotes dopaminergic neuron survival, but also promotes the survival of midbrain GABA-immunoreactive (GABA-ir) neurons.