The application provides a method and structure for reinforcing a middle partition wall under the condition of single-side filling of a double-hole air shaft, comprising: installing multiple
layers of spaced distribution floor plates along the height direction of the wall; when the wall is filled with water and soil on one side, a multiple-span transverse stress one-way plate structure is formed between the wall and the multiple
layers of floor plates; pouring sealing material in each hole to keep each hole sealed; locally thickening the part of the middle partition wall that cannot meet the
bearing capacity requirement to form a thickened layer on the side of the wall close to the water and soil; setting a rib plate on the side of the wall away from the water and soil, one end of the rib plate being fixed on a base and the other end being fixed on a
floor plate, the rib plate being not lower than the middle of the wall; anchoring the
floor plate at the middle of the wall and connecting the rib plate; forming a structure on the side of the wall close to the water and soil, the structure being soil-sealed but water-unsealed; and forming a backfill layer at the bottom of the wall to strengthen the bottom constraint of the middle partition wall. The application can effectively enhance the strength of the middle partition wall and improve the reliability of the middle partition wall.