517 results about "Structural system" patented technology

The invention discloses an anti-seismic strengthening method and system suitable for historical buildings, and relates to the technical field of existing building strengthening. The invention discloses an anti-seismic reinforcement system suitable for historical buildings. The anti-seismic reinforcement system comprises a data modeling module, a risk assessment module, a disturbance analysis module, a buffer decision module, a reinforcement early warning module, a component reinforcement decision module, a collaborative reinforcement decision module and a scheduling optimization module. According to the method, the linkage stress relation and the collaborative response characteristics are identified by establishing the structure coupling model of the adjacent buildings and a strength correlation analysis method, and a theoretical basis and a judgment standard are provided for collaborative reinforcement of cross-building units; the collaborative reinforcement strategy is generated according to the linkage requirement, the collaborative mode and the deployment position are defined, and the overall coordination of the community-level reinforcement scheme and the linkage toughness of the structural system are enhanced.

The application relates to the technical field of building engineering, in particular to a mixed lateral force resisting structure system of a residential building, which comprises a transverse support system, a vertical support system and a connecting mechanism, the transverse support system comprises frame beams and full-rib prefabricated floors connected with each other, the frame beams are arranged along the outer edges of the full-rib prefabricated floors; the vertical support system comprises flat columns and composite shear walls, the flat columns are connected with each other at the bottom of the full-rib prefabricated floors, and the frame beams and the full-rib prefabricated floors are both connected with the composite shear walls; the connecting mechanism is used for connecting the transverse support system and the vertical support system. The mixed lateral force resisting structure system of the residential building has the technical effects of improving the bearing capacity and stability of the mixed lateral force resisting structure system of the residential building, facilitating construction and wiring and the like.

The invention provides composite spinning equipment for forming rocket pipe type structural parts. The composite spinning equipment comprises a structural system, an operation table, an oil cooler, an oil tank, a control cabinet, a water cooler, a heating system, a gas distribution cabinet, a hydraulic station, an oxygen bottle, a circulating filtering device and a propane gas bottle. The structural system comprises a main spindle box, the main spindle box has active power and can achieve controllable rotation, a closing-in spindle box does not have active power, and when closing-in spinning needs to be conducted, the main spindle box and the closing-in spindle box are connected through a coupler, and controllable rotation of the closing-in spindle box is achieved; the water cooling machine is used for cooling the spinning roller in the spinning process; the heating system can heat the workpiece to realize hot spinning; the circulating filtering device sprays cutting fluid to the workpiece, circulating filtering use of the cutting fluid is achieved, and wet-type forced rotation is achieved. The hot spinning and wet spinning device has the integrated hot spinning and wet spinning effects of strong spinning, close-up common spinning and the like.

The system can include: a cell frame structure; a robot; and a motion planner. The system can optionally include a set of cell trays and a warehouse management system. The cell frame structure can include and / or define a set of payload storage cells; a set of transfer cells; a set of cell tray storage cells. However, the system can additionally or alternatively include any other suitable set of components. The system functions to automatically manage the storage of payloads within a grid-based structural system.

The invention discloses a Grasshopper-based complex curved surface curtain wall modeling method, and relates to the technical field of digital design and construction of buildings, and the method comprises the steps: firstly inputting the geometric dimension, load parameters, thermal expansion coefficient, material attributes and environmental parameters of a curtain wall into a parameterization platform at an input end, and generating an original curtain wall model; performing topological optimization and geometric correction on the original curtain wall model through curved surface reconstruction to obtain a reference curtain wall model; performing grid segmentation on the reference curved surface based on a discrete differential geometry method, and calculating the size of a unit plate; constructing a structural system by utilizing a finite element analysis module and a parameterized platform; according to deformation characteristics of glass plates and installation components, parameterization adjustment is conducted on construction nodes to compensate errors, the planarization size of a unit plate and the sectional size of a frame are optimized, construction data are finally output, multi-parameter digital automatic linkage of the complex curved surface curtain wall from design to construction is achieved, and therefore the modeling precision and efficiency of the complex curtain wall are improved.

The invention relates to a full-life-cycle indoor variable space building system. The full-life-cycle indoor variable space building system comprises a novel structure system and a building space layout. The novel structural system comprises a core tube, steel-concrete composite structural floors are connected to the two sides of the core tube, each steel-concrete composite structural floor is provided with a floor structural unit and a hidden beam frame for supporting the floor structural unit, the hidden beam frames and the floor structural units form an integrated structure by pouring concrete, and the hidden beam frames are connected with the core tube. The hidden beam frame is connected with a plurality of frame supporting columns, and the frame supporting columns are separated from the outer wall and the separating wall. The building space layout comprises the steps that a water utilization space is centrally arranged on one side of a living space, a large-space non-water utilization space is arranged on the other side of the living space, a vestibule backcourtyard and an equipment platform are arranged on the outer side of the outer wall of the centralized water utilization space, and a shared facility tube well is arranged. According to the invention, global variation of the living room space, the water utilization space and the balcony space in the whole life cycle of families and residences is realized.

The invention belongs to the technical field of bridge construction, and particularly relates to a steel bridge diagonal bracing node fatigue assessment hot spot stress method based on machine learning. By constructing a hot spot stress concentration coefficient Gaussian regression process proxy model of the steel bridge inclined strut nodes, a mapping relation is established among geometric parameters of the steel bridge inclined strut nodes, welding seam type input variables and hot spot stress concentration coefficient output, so that the hot spot stress of different inclined strut nodes on different steel bridges is quickly determined. And in combination with a hot spot stress S-N curve and a random traffic flow loading method, realizing fatigue performance evaluation of the steel bridge diagonal bracing node. The method is suitable for various steel bridge structure systems including diagonal bracing nodes, including truss girders, box girders, long cantilever combined structures and the like, and has good engineering adaptability and popularization value.

The invention provides an inorganic glue and H-shaped steel beam reinforced concrete floor slab and a construction method, relates to the field of existing building reinforcement, and aims to solve the problem of limited bearing capacity improvement caused by reinforcement of a single component of the floor slab at present. The bearing capacity limitation of traditional local reinforcement is broken through, excessive dependence on original floor performance is avoided, reinforced concrete floors, H-shaped steel beams, peripheral beams, columns, walls and other stress components work cooperatively, and a new stable force transmission structure system is formed. The anchoring area in the through hole rigidly connects the H-shaped steel beam with an original floor steel bar node and a concrete base body through a connecting piece, so that effective transmission of loads is ensured; the through hole form with the wide top and the narrow bottom enhances the occlusion force between the anchoring material and the floor, and improves the connection reliability; the carbon fiber cloth above the through holes restrains the floor concrete in the trepanning area, and local strength loss possibly caused by trepanning is made up.

This invention discloses a prefabricated bamboo-concrete composite frame beam-column joint, comprising bamboo fiber tube concrete columns and composite beams. During on-site assembly, an outer sleeve is inserted into the bamboo fiber tube at the joint area, and adhesive is injected for bonding. The bamboo beam and steel joint are then assembled to form the composite beam. Reliable connections between the bamboo fiber tube, the outer sleeve, and the steel joint are achieved using through bolts or single-sided bolts. Finally, concrete is poured into the tubes, and the structure is cured to form the final structure. The prefabricated composite beam-column joint components assembled by this invention are lightweight, high-strength, energy-saving, and emission-reducing. The resulting beam-column joint fully utilizes the material combination effect, minimizing cross-sectional dimensions and material usage while maximizing load-bearing and deformation capacity. On-site assembly requires minimal hoisting equipment and temporary supports, eliminating much of the formwork and finishing work required for the main structure. This achieves a "high-performance, low-cost, and easy-to-construct" composite structural system. The steel joints at the beam ends form a seismic-resistant beam hinge mechanism with strong energy dissipation capacity, ensuring outstanding seismic performance of the frame structure.

The application discloses a kind of UHPC connection's double post-tensioning prefabricated prestressed concrete frame structure system, including prefabricated concrete upper column, prefabricated concrete lower column, double post-tensioning prefabricated prestressed concrete composite beam, UHPC node core area and composite slab.The upper longitudinal main reinforcement, lower longitudinal main reinforcement, ordinary steel and post-tensioning prestressed tendon are directly anchored in UHPC node core area.The structure system is not only convenient and fast in field construction, improves component installation efficiency, but also can greatly reduce the anchoring length of steel bar, greatly reduce the amount of stirrup in node core area, avoid crowded steel bar in node core area, and reduce the cross-sectional height of component, reduce self weight, improve component crack resistance and self-recovery performance, thereby improve the seismic performance of overall frame structure.Double post-tensioning design can be reasonably designed according to different span, different load, different seismic intensity and other requirements, reduce cost, meet the use requirements.

The invention discloses a cover-excavation method steel cover plate and a connecting and limiting method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of foundation pit engineering. Aiming at the defects of large vibration, high noise, poor driving comfort, insufficient rigidity, low repeated utilization rate, improper connecting and limiting measures and the like of an existing cover-excavation method cover plate, a vertical support-horizontal support-steel cover plate integrated structure system is constructed, and vertical support is formed by constructing a foundation pit enclosure wall and a stand column pile; a first reinforced concrete support serves as a transverse horizontal support, a section steel longitudinal beam is erected to serve as a longitudinal horizontal support, reliable limiting between steel cover plates and between the plates and the beams is achieved by matching reserved holes and clamping grooves with bolts and clamping section steel, and the flatness and the vibration reduction effect are optimized with assistance of a rubber vibration reduction cushion layer. The steel cover plate adopts standardized H-shaped steel assembly welding and fiber concrete surface layer design, and can be repeatedly used. The problem of vibration noise of the cover plate under dense vehicle load is effectively solved, deformation of the foundation pit is controlled, interference of construction to the surrounding environment and traffic is reduced, the requirements of energy conservation and emission reduction are met, and remarkable environmental protection benefits and economic benefits are achieved.

The invention relates to a reticulated shell type steel structure building construction structure and method, and belongs to the technical field of large-span space steel structure building construction. The construction structure comprises a steel frame cylinder, a truss and a reticulated shell which are sequentially arranged from bottom to top. The steel frame cylinder comprises a plurality of cylinder bodies which are independently arranged; the truss comprises a large-span truss connected between the steel frame cylinders, a cantilever truss with one end connected to the steel frame cylinders or the large-span truss, and an annular belt truss connected to the free end of the cantilever truss. The reticulated shell is a single-layer three-way grid type curved surface reticulated shell, and the edge of the reticulated shell is fixed to the annular belt truss. The invention relates to a construction method suitable for the structure. According to the construction method, through the innovative structural system and construction sequence, the synergistic effect of block hoisting and temporary supporting and refined graded unloading control, the construction problem of large-span, multi-component and complex space steel structures is effectively solved, and the safety of the construction process and the accuracy of structure forming are guaranteed.

The invention provides a building stair structure system, and relates to the technical field of stair structures, the building stair structure system comprises a building, a single-column supporting structure and a stair assembly, the building comprises a multi-layer building platform, and the side edge of the building platform is provided with a first supporting structure; the single-column supporting structure comprises a supporting column, a plurality of second supporting structures and a connecting structure; the stair assembly comprises a plurality of connecting platforms, a plurality of transition platforms and a plurality of stair sections, the connecting platforms are connected with the corresponding first supporting structures, the transition platforms are connected with the corresponding second supporting structures, and the adjacent connecting platforms and transition platforms are connected through the stair sections in the height direction. Through the synergistic effect of the single supporting column and the building, double-side supporting of the staircase is achieved, a stable bearing system is formed, compared with an existing four-leg frame type steel ladder, steel is saved by about 50%, space conflicts with existing facilities on the side face of the building are effectively avoided, and the staircase has the advantages of being flexible in arrangement, convenient and fast to construct, high in adaptability and the like.

The utility model relates to the technical field of geotechnical engineering and railway construction, and particularly discloses a vibration reduction and deformation resistance steel sheet pile for deep foundation pit engineering close to an existing railway line, which comprises a steel sheet pile, a vertical load-bearing steel bar, a connecting component, a vibration isolation and reduction interlayer and a protective steel plate. By adopting a composite structure form of steel sheet piles, vibration isolation and reduction interlayers and vertical load-bearing steel bars, the structure reinforcing function and the vibration isolation function are organically combined, and a brand-new supporting structure system is formed; the vertical stressed steel bars are matched with the vibration isolation and reduction interlayer and the damping spring shock absorbers, the vertical stressed steel bars mainly share tensile stress to improve the stress state, the vibration isolation and reduction interlayer mainly absorbs vibration energy to weaken vibration transmission, and the comprehensive performance of the steel sheet pile is remarkably improved through the combined action of the vibration isolation and reduction interlayer and the damping spring shock absorbers; meanwhile, according to the scheme, by optimizing arrangement of the vertical load-bearing steel bars, selection of vibration isolation and reduction materials and arrangement of connecting components, the whole structure has the good reinforcing effect and vibration reduction performance, and construction convenience and economical efficiency are taken into consideration.

The application discloses a composite passive window and a mounting method thereof, which comprises a first frame, a third frame, a second spacing strip, a third spacing strip, second heat insulation filling cotton, a second frame, a fourth frame, a first spacing strip, a fourth spacing strip, first heat insulation filling cotton, a first sealing element, a second sealing element, a fifth frame, glass, an outer frame assembly, heat insulation filling, a fixing assembly, a limiting assembly and a third sealing element. The composite passive window has excellent heat insulation performance, simple overall structure and is easy to assemble and use. The heat insulation filling is filled in the outer frame assembly to block the heat transfer between the indoor and outdoor, and two heat preservation lines are formed in the cross section in a non-exposed mode through the fifth frame, so that the heat insulation performance of the aluminum alloy window is improved without changing the width of the middle spacing strip of the broken bridge aluminum alloy profile, and the durability and stability of the whole window under the new structure system are ensured.

This invention discloses a method for constraining corner elements in a rocking wall structure system. Based on the structural parameters of the rocking wall and the frame structure, the shear stiffness of the frame structure is obtained. A first lateral displacement expression and a second lateral displacement expression are constructed using the shear stiffness and the first and second equilibrium equations. An inter-story drift angle expression is then constructed using these expressions to solve for the stiffness of the rotating combined disc springs. The bending moment of the rotating combined disc springs is obtained from the stiffness of the rotating combined disc springs. The number of single disc springs stacked in the same direction and the number of combined disc springs are determined by the deformation requirement and the bearing capacity requirement of the combined disc springs obtained from the bending moment. This yields the combined height of the disc springs. The combined height of the disc springs is then used to constrain the length of the core rod and the support height in the corner element, achieving rapid constraint of the core rod length and support height in the corner element based on statics.

The invention relates to the technical field of bridge engineering, in particular to a mixed ultra-high performance concrete continuous structure system bridge and a construction method thereof. The mixed type ultra-high performance concrete continuous structure system bridge comprises bridge piers and a bridge superstructure, and the bridge superstructure comprises a web hollowed-out section box girder and a solid web section box girder; the bridge adopts a mixed large-span prestressed ultra-high performance concrete continuous structure system bridge, so that the weight of the bridge is reduced, and the span capacity of the bridge is greatly improved; the structure formed by the first pi-shaped beam, the groove beam and the stand column is designed, the construction bending moment is balanced in combination with external prestressing force, a certain thickness of each part is guaranteed, the problems of local buckling, shear instability and overall instability are effectively avoided, and the structure is more stable for the cross section distortion problem. Prestressed tendons are reasonably arranged and pre-tightening force is applied by means of the active constraint effect of prestress, so that buckling deformation of the cross section is effectively restrained.

The application discloses a type steel beam shear wall system which is easy to process, assemble, decorate and bear stress, and relates to the technical field of building engineering, and comprises the following steps: hollow type steel beam framework, which comprises at least three type steel columns arranged at intervals along the same horizontal direction and a plurality of inter-column plates arranged at intervals along the radial direction of the type steel columns; and plain concrete, which covers the hollow type steel beam framework, wherein the thickness of the plain concrete on the outer side of the framework is 20-50 mm; and the two ends of the type steel column respectively extend out of the outer part of the plain concrete to form anchoring sections. The application solves the problems of the existing building engineering, such as poor stress system, non-dense sleeve grouting at the connecting part, insufficient node stress and seismic performance, the need of fireproof paint in the steel-concrete composite structure system, long construction period, high cost and difficulty in decoration.

The present application relates to a kind of steel pipe concrete structure system bearing calculation method, it is related to concrete structure calculation technical field, the present application has accurately captured the critical transition point of steel pipe and concrete from emptying to being extruded by nonlinear mapping function, eliminates the deviation of initial gap to tight hoop coefficient estimation, and introduces steel pipe wall sealing factor, accurately restores the real deformation characteristics of concrete in pipe under the coexistence environment of self-drying and high humidity, avoids the problem of low estimation of stiffness caused by copying ordinary concrete creep model, dynamically simulates the modulus deterioration process with time variation, clearly reveals the trajectory of stress transfer from concrete to steel pipe, provides accurate data input for analyzing local instability of steel pipe under long-term service, simultaneously coupled with bidirectional stress criterion, so that designer can obtain the real bearing capacity margin of structure in the whole service process, significantly enhance the long-term safety and reliability of super high-rise and large-span structure under extreme environment.

This invention provides a jacking structure system, including a foundation, tension rods, a jacked component, a jacking drive component, a reaction beam, and a sliding plate. The foundation is located between an existing structure and the sliding plate, with the sliding plate flush with the upper surface of the foundation. One end of the tension rod is connected to the foundation, and the other end is connected to the reaction beam. One end of the jacking drive component is connected to the reaction beam, and the other end abuts against the jacked component, thus jacking the component on the sliding plate onto the foundation. This invention ensures that the foundation pile foundation does not move forward and compress the foundation soil during the jacking process, completely avoiding any impact on adjacent existing structures and fully ensuring the operational safety of existing lines. Furthermore, it eliminates the need for large-area foundation reinforcement, the device has a simple structure and clear force transmission, and allows multiple jacked components to be jacked simultaneously without mutual interference, effectively shortening the construction period and saving costs.

The application discloses a UHPC connected post-tensioned non-bonded co-tension prefabricated prestressed concrete frame structure system, which comprises a prefabricated concrete upper column, a prefabricated concrete lower column, a post-tensioned non-bonded co-tension prefabricated prestressed concrete composite beam, a UHPC node core area and a composite slab. The structure system is not only convenient and fast in on-site construction and improves the component installation efficiency, but also can greatly reduce the steel bar anchoring length, greatly reduce the amount of stirrups in the node core area, avoid the congestion of the steel bars in the node core area, reduce the component section height, reduce the self weight, improve the component crack resistance and self-recovery performance, thereby improving the seismic performance of the overall frame structure. The pre-tensioned prestressed steel bars can make the prefabricated beam less supported or free of support during construction, thereby reducing the construction cost, and the post-tensioned non-bonding can enhance the integrity of the frame, so that the structure has a certain self-resetting capacity and structural toughness in the earthquake, and the post-earthquake repair cost is reduced.

The invention provides an enclosure structure system for deep foundation pit engineering and a construction method of the enclosure structure system. The system comprises a vertical water interception supporting unit, an inclined bottom expanding supporting unit and a permanent support changing transition unit which cooperatively form an integrated structure. The vertical water interception supporting unit is an HC combined pile wall, the inclined bottom-expanding supporting unit is a bottom-expanding inclined supporting pile with a bell-jar-shaped expanding head, and the permanent support changing transition unit comprises a water stop wing ring and a support changing plate strip. During construction, the HC combined pile wall is firstly constructed, then the expanded-base diagonal bracing piles are arranged, and finally load conversion is achieved through the water stop wing rings and the support changing plate strips. Through an integrated structure combination and a systematized construction process, collaborative operation of vertical water interception supporting, inclined bottom expanding supporting and permanent supporting changing conversion is achieved, and the problems that in the prior art, a supporting system is complex, the collaboration is poor, passive area reinforcement is poor, and the integrity of the system is insufficient are solved; the method is suitable for construction projects such as high-rise building basements, underground comprehensive pipe galleries, large underground parking lots and commercial spaces.

The invention discloses a mass concrete structure and a construction method thereof, and relates to the field of mass concrete structures, the mass concrete structure comprises a mass precast slab, the mass precast slab comprises a main reinforcement frame, a pre-buried frame and a concrete large plate, the two ends of the main reinforcement frame extend out of the two sides of the concrete large plate, and the pre-buried frame extends out of the main reinforcement frame; the embedded frame extends out of the lower end of the concrete large plate, right-angle bases are installed at the two ends of the large-size prefabricated plate, and the right-angle bases are fixedly connected with the large-size prefabricated plate. Through the synergistic effect of the main steel bar frame, the embedded frame, the right-angle seat, the vertical panel, the base table, the reinforcing support, the rod bracket and other components, a stable structural system is formed, loads can be effectively dispersed and borne, deformation and displacement of the structure are reduced, and the stability of the structure is improved. The vertical panel is stably and vertically supported and used through bolt locking and mutual supporting of the base table and the vertical panel.

The utility model discloses a support-free detachable fixed template application structure applied to an assembly type structural system, which comprises a prefabricated truss reinforced concrete lower chord member, a floor slab prefabricated layer, more than one group of connecting supports and through fixing bolts, the connecting supports are arranged on the two sides of the prefabricated truss reinforced concrete lower chord side by side, a space used for pouring the truss reinforced concrete upper chord is formed between the opposite connecting supports, the connecting supports are installed on the prefabricated truss reinforced concrete lower chord through oppositely-penetrating fixing bolts, and the floor slab prefabricated layer is connected to the upper portions of the connecting supports in a lap joint mode. By the adoption of the method, a part of or even all scaffolds can be omitted, and the detachable standard connecting support designed in the utility model can be used as a temporary support of a main beam cast-in-place part side mold and a floor slab at the same time, and is fixed on a main beam prefabricated part through a split bolt; and the split fixing bolts in the cast-in-place height range can be accurately positioned according to the width requirement and support is formed.

The invention belongs to the technical field of buildings, and relates to a building structure with the component size determined according to the structural stress magnitude, the building structure comprises a supporting column (1) and a cross beam (2) connected with the supporting column (1), the cross beam (2) is a fish-belly sill, the cross section of the fish-belly sill is in a fish-belly form, the middle cross section size is large, the cross section sizes of the two ends are small, the supporting column (1) is a fusiform column, and the cross section of the cross beam (2) is a triangular column. The middle section size of the fusiform column is large, and the section sizes of the two ends are small. While the requirement for building attractiveness is met, the sizes of all structural components are set according to the stress of the structure, the area of the beam is increased at the position where the stress of the beam is maximum, the structural rigidity and the stress performance are improved, the height of the beam is reduced at the position where the stress of the beam is small, the effect of reducing cost can be achieved, and a structural system combining architectural aesthetics and structural stress is formed.

The application relates to the technical field of building construction, in particular to a structure reserved hole cantilever plate reinforcing construction method.The method comprises the following steps of S1, obtaining structure plate horizontal reserved hole related parameters; S2, establishing a BIM model according to the obtained structure plate horizontal reserved hole related parameters; S3, determining the reserved hole position and size according to the established BIM model; and S4, determining the added structure beam section model by using stress software according to the reserved hole position and size; the PKPM software is used for component stress calculation and analysis, the support steel beam structure deformation and safety analysis are designed, and the scheme safety and accuracy are guaranteed. The added structure beam structure system greatly reduces the construction cost caused by full-support scaffold measures.

The application discloses a tunnel supporting structure and a construction method thereof, and solves the problems of complex connection operation and large construction difficulty of a pipe curtain method supporting structure in the prior art. The technical scheme of the application is as follows: the tunnel supporting structure comprises a plurality of foundation pipes and active pipes supported in a stratum; the active pipes are connected with adjacent pipes in a cutting and engaging mode; two adjacent pipes intersect with each other to form a tunnel supporting frame in a embedded and fixed stringing mode; and a filling medium is arranged in the tunnel supporting frame to form the tunnel supporting structure. The tunnel supporting structure is a pipe curtain supporting structure connected in an engaging mode, has various structural forms, and has a clear structural system. The tunnel supporting frame is formed by taking the foundation pipes as base points and by engaging and stringing the active pipes. The tunnel supporting structure is connected quickly, and the filling medium is filled in the tunnel supporting structure to form the supporting structure. The tunnel supporting structure is simple in operation, the engaging connection between the pipes strengthens the connection integrity of the supporting structure, the filling medium strengthens the strength of the supporting structure, and the construction difficulty of the tunnel supporting structure is reduced.

The application discloses a buried column foot and a construction method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of structural engineering; the technical problem that the reliable connection of steel pipe columns or steel pipe concrete columns with various cross sections and steel bars with any angle cannot be ensured during the construction process of a foundation bottom plate is solved. The buried column foot comprises a column foot and a universal connecting device; the column foot comprises a column foot bottom plate and a column body; the column body is connected to the upper end surface of the column foot bottom plate; the universal connecting device is connected to the column body; the universal connecting device comprises a horizontal connecting unit and a vertical connecting unit; the normal line of the vertical connecting unit outer vertical surface is consistent with the axis direction of the connected steel bar. The application ensures the reliability of the connection of steel pipe columns or steel pipe concrete columns with various cross sections and steel bars with any angle, avoids the damage and stress concentration of components caused by on-site hole opening, and makes the engineering structural system safe, stable and reliable.

The invention discloses a tunnel surface supporting structure system design method, which can quantitatively and accurately determine design parameters of a surface supporting structure system, and form targeted supporting design according to field practice instead of test or experience design for determination. Comprising the following steps: accurately acquiring engineering environment parameters of a tunnel site area, such as physical parameters of surrounding rock, a stress field and engineering characteristics, through data collection and testing; a tunnel deformation control threshold value [delta] is reasonably determined according to the engineering environment and the like, and on this basis, the ring stiffness requirement [S] of a surface layer supporting structure is calculated through a theoretical formula; different design parameters of the surface supporting structure correspond to ring stiffness supply [s] values, and on the basis that the ring stiffness requirement [S] is determined, the matched design parameters, with the ring stiffness supply [s] not smaller than [S], of the surface supporting structure are selected.

The invention relates to the technical field of CL structure system prefabricated window lower walls, in particular to a CL structure system prefabricated window lower wall which comprises a heat preservation plate, a front face concrete layer, a back face concrete layer and a top face concrete layer are distributed and poured on the front face, the back face and the top face of the heat preservation plate, and the front face concrete layer, the top face concrete layer and the back face concrete layer are sequentially connected. Welding metal meshes which are sequentially connected are arranged in the front concrete layer, the top concrete layer and the back concrete layer, a plurality of L-shaped exhaust pipes are arranged on the lower portion of the heat preservation plate, and one ends of the L-shaped exhaust pipes penetrate through the heat preservation plate and communicate with the outside. And the other end of the L-shaped exhaust pipe penetrates through the front concrete layer or the back concrete layer and is communicated with the outside.