The invention discloses a construction method for lifting an arch structure in a zero-deformation state. The construction method specifically comprises the following steps: 1, sectioning a large-span arch structure into floor arch structures and a lifting construction unit; 2, building up a support bed jig, splicing and assembling the lifting construction unit in situ and simultaneously installing the floor arch structures; 3, installing horizontal steel strands, horizontal jacks and tensioning the horizontal jacks to tension the horizontal steel strands; 4, building up lifting frames, installing lifting jacks and vertical lifting steel strands; 5, alternately tensioning the horizontal steel strands and the vertical lifting steel strands level by level so that the lifting construction unit is separated from the support bed jig; 6, lifting the lifting construction unit to a preset height to be in butt joint with the floor arch structures at two sides, thus forming the large-span arch structure; and 7, unloading and disassembling the horizontal jacks, the horizontal steel strands, the lifting jacks, the vertical lifting steel strands and the lifting frames level by level to finish the construction. The construction method has the advantages of high construction accuracy, high quality, reliable safety and low-cost construction measures.