Certain embodiments of the present invention provide n
system for orienting a surgical tool with respect to a patient including: a tool guide for facilitating orientation of the surgical tool with respect to the patient, the tool guide including a mounting portion and a tool receiving portion, wherein the tool guide is capable of being integrated with at least a portion of a radiological imaging subsystem including an adjustably moveable mounting structure. In an embodiment, the tool receiving portion is capable of receiving an end-
effector. In an embodiment the at least a portion of the radiological imaging subsystem comprises a C-arm. In an embodiment the radiological imaging subsystem comprises a
fluoroscopic imaging subsystem. In an embodiment, the end-
effector comprises at least one of: an aperture, a
cutting device, a drilling device, a clamp, a sleeve, a mounting surface, a ring, a rail, a threaded shaft, a clasp, a bayonet
mount, an imaging device, an
ultrasound probe, a surgical tool, a
catheter, a pin, a screw, a plate, a
drill, an awl, and a probe. In an embodiment, the tool guide further comprises an end-
effector. In an embodiment, a position of the surgical tool is capable of being adjusted by automatically moving the adjustably movable mounting structure. In an embodiment, the
system further comprises at least one position sensing subsystem for ascertaining a position of the surgical tool with respect to the patient.