A confocal scanning and optical coherence tomograph based on self-adaptive optical technology comprises a light source component, a scanning and lighting light path component, an aberration detection and correction component, a confocal imaging detection component, a reference arm component and an optical coherence tomography detection component, wherein the components are linked by optical fiber and/or spherical reflecting telescopes; one part of low-coherent light emitted by the light source component enters into the reference arm component and then returns along the original path and the other part enters into the samples to be detected through the aberration detection and correction component and the scanning and lighting light path component in sequence and then returns from the samples to be detected along the original path; one part of the returning light is reflected to the aberration detection and correction component by a spectroscope and the other part is transmitted to another spectroscope and then is split into two parts, one part enters into the confocal imaging detection component and the other part enters into the optical coherence tomography detection component after being coupled with the light returning from the reference arm component. The tomograph can realize high-resolution three-dimensional imaging of the objects to be detected.