The subject invention pertains to an
artificial intelligence-aided classification
system for Alzheimer's
disease (AD) screening from
retinal photographs, which includes a three-in-one
deep learning (DL)-based pre-diagnosis module for image assessment and a DL-based AD classification module with additional heatmaps for
visualization. For the AD classification module, three kinds of DL models predict the AD-
dementia / non-demented probabilities from three directions with both eyes' four images (Direction-1), both eyes' four images
combing demographical information (Direction-2), and a single eye's two images (Direction-3), respectively. For the pre-diagnosis image assessment, embodiments provide one pre-
processing model, with three additional models for each of the three classification tasks, including image-quality (e.g., gradable or ungradable), field-of-view (e.g., macula-centered or
optic nerve head-centered), and laterality-of-the-eye (e.g., right or
left eye). Also included is a cloud-based
web application that can output the pre-diagnosis image assessment and a simple binary AD-
dementia / non-demented classification based on
retinal photographs.