120 results about "Ion permeation" patented technology

The invention belongs to the technical field of nickel-based alloy welding wires, and discloses a corrosion-resistant nickel-based alloy welding wire and a production process thereof, and the corrosion-resistant nickel-based alloy welding wire comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 50-65% of nickel, 16-24% of chromium, 8-10% of molybdenum, 3.5-5.5% of niobium and tantalum, 3-4.5% of copper, 3-4% of tungsten, 0.5-1.0% of tin, 0.1-0.3% of rare earth element, 0.1-0.5% of grain boundary optimizer, 2-5% of nano reinforced phase and the balance of Fe and other inevitable impurities. Through multi-element alloying design, nano reinforced phase compounding and gradient coating synergistic effect, comprehensive improvement of corrosion resistance, high-temperature mechanical property and welding manufacturability is achieved; a welding wire base body is based on nickel, a compact and self-repairing gradient oxidation film is formed by accurately regulating and controlling the atomic proportion of chromium, molybdenum and tungsten, and the chloride ion permeation resistance and the high-temperature oxidation resistance are remarkably improved; therefore, the welding wire has excellent corrosion resistance, high-temperature strength and welding adaptability.

The invention relates to the technical field of concrete materials, and discloses rapidly-reinforced high-performance sprayed concrete for an existing tunnel lining and a preparation method of the rapidly-reinforced high-performance sprayed concrete. The sprayed concrete is prepared from the following raw materials in parts by weight: 300 to 350 parts of low-calcium high belite sulphoaluminate cement, 80 to 100 parts of superfine slag powder, 3 to 8 parts of a trigger type activating agent, 5 to 15 parts of slow-release particles, 2 to 5 parts of nanogel, 800 to 900 parts of fine aggregate, 800 to 900 parts of coarse aggregate, 30 to 50 parts of copper-plated steel fiber, 0.8 to 1.2 parts of polypropylene fiber, 30 to 40 parts of a viscosity-adjusting accelerator, 10 to 20 parts of a water reducing agent and 160 to 180 parts of water. The sprayed concrete is high in compressive strength and good in durability, the double threats of chemical corrosion and chloride ion permeation / steel bar corrosion are cooperatively solved, and the requirement for rapid reinforcement of tunnels and underground engineering is met.

The invention provides high chloride ion permeation resistance steel fiber fine aggregate concrete and a preparation method thereof. The high chloride ion permeation resistance steel fiber fine aggregate concrete comprises the following raw materials in parts by weight: 200-300 parts of cement; 30 to 50 parts of metakaolin; 100 to 200 parts of fly ash; 50 to 100 parts of mineral powder; 1-8 parts of nano silicon dioxide; 800 to 1000 parts of sand; 800 to 1000 parts of stone; 10 to 60 parts of steel fiber; 150 to 200 parts of water; and 5-20 parts of a water reducing agent. The steel fiber fine aggregate concrete with high chloride ion permeation resistance has the advantages of improved mechanical properties and durability, extremely high chloride ion permeation resistance, excellent volume stability, low material cost, economic feasibility of large-scale application, and wide application prospect. And the strict service requirements of the urban rail transit ballast bed under the long-term dynamic load, stray current and erosion medium coupling effect are precisely met.

The invention discloses a nuclide concentration sensor suitable for a supergravity environment. The nuclide concentration sensor comprises a packaging shell, a thin film sensing layer and a signal processing transmission unit, the film sensing layer comprises a selective ion permeation layer, a sensing unit layer and a substrate layer which are sequentially laminated, and a signal acquisition unit connected with the signal processing and transmitting unit is arranged between the sensing unit layer and the substrate layer; the carboxylated nano-pore channel on the selective ion permeation layer, the vertical pore channel on the sensing unit layer and the micro-pore channel on the substrate layer are sequentially communicated with one another, and the upper through hole on the packaging shell, the acquisition area of the pore channels arranged on the thin film sensing layer and the lower through hole on the packaging shell are completely overlapped. The acquisition area of the film sensing layer is communicated with the outside of the packaging shell, and other parts of the film sensing layer and the signal processing and transmitting unit are completely sealed in the packaging shell. The device is of a thin film type structure, is small in size, meets the test requirements of a supergravity model, achieves the rapid detection of the concentration of nuclide ions in a solution, and is high in detection precision.

The invention relates to the technical field of material surface corrosion prevention, in particular to a spraying method for a heavy anti-corrosion coating of a port steel structure. The method comprises the following steps that (1) sand blasting derusting treatment is conducted on a steel structure base body, so that the cleanliness of the steel structure base body reaches the Sa2.5 level, and the roughness is controlled to range from 40 micrometers to 75 micrometers; 2) coating the treated substrate with epoxy zinc-rich primer, and doping graphene modified zinc powder accounting for 1-3% of the total mass of the primer to form a primer layer with a dry film thickness of 60-80 [mu] m; (3) after the primer layer is cured, the primer layer is coated with epoxy micaceous iron oxide intermediate paint, aluminum tripolyphosphate accounting for 2-5% of the total mass of the intermediate paint is further added into the epoxy micaceous iron oxide intermediate paint, and an intermediate paint layer with the dry film thickness being 150-200 microns is formed; 4, the middle paint layer is coated with weather-resistant finish paint, and a finish paint layer with the dry film thickness being 60-80 microns is obtained.According to the method, the adhesive force, chloride ion permeation resistance, salt fog resistance (larger than or equal to 3000 hours) and weather resistance of the coating are remarkably improved, the method is suitable for the harsh marine environment, and the service life of the steel structure can be prolonged to 20 years or above.

Provided is a versatile nonwoven fabric having excellent heat resistance and mechanical strength and applicable to applications requiring heat resistance; or a nonwoven fabric having excellent heat resistance, mechanical strength, and permeability. Moreover, provided is a separator for electrochemical elements having excellent heat resistance and mechanical strength. Furthermore, provided is a membrane support having excellent heat resistance, mechanical strength, and ion permeability.The nonwoven fabric of the present invention comprises a polymethylpentene component and a polyethylene component, wherein the polyethylene component is fused, and wherein the polymethylpentene component accounts for 30% by volume or more of the total fibers constituting the nonwoven fabric, and the polyethylene component accounts for 30% by volume or more of the total fibers constituting the nonwoven fabric. The separator for electrochemical elements of the present invention comprises the nonwoven fabric. Another nonwoven fabric of the present invention comprises core-sheath composite fibers having a polyethylene component as a sheath component and a polymethylpentene component as a core component, wherein the polyethylene component as the sheath component of the core-sheath composite fiber is fused, wherein the polymethylpentene component accounts for 30% by volume or more of the total fibers constituting the nonwoven fabric, and the polyethylene component accounts for 30% by volume or more of the total fibers constituting the nonwoven fabric, wherein a thickness of the nonwoven fabric is 100 μm or less, and the nonwoven fabric has a direction with a tensile strength per mass per unit area of 2.0 N / 5 cm-width or more, or wherein a ratio (L / D) of a fiber diameter (D, unit: μm) to a length (L, unit: μm) of the core-sheath composite fiber is 350 or more. The membrane support of the present invention comprises the other nonwoven fabric.

The invention discloses a recycled concrete permeability detection system and method, and relates to the technical field of material science, and the system comprises an electric field auxiliary module which applies a preset voltage gradient through an electric field auxiliary device, obtains initial ion concentration distribution data and a current change signal from a recycled concrete sample, and obtains a reference parameter of a permeation process; the modeling and simulation module is used for constructing a pore structure model by adopting a finite element simulation method according to the reference parameters, fusing an ion migration rate and a non-uniform distribution characteristic, and determining a dynamic regulation and control scheme under the action of an electric field; according to the recycled concrete permeability detection system and method, dynamic regulation and control and real-time monitoring of ion permeability behaviors are achieved, the barrier property evaluation precision of recycled concrete is remarkably improved, and efficient technical support is provided for durability optimization of engineering materials.

The invention belongs to the technical field of high polymer materials, and particularly relates to a composite proton exchange membrane and a preparation method thereof. According to the prepared composite proton exchange membrane, the perfluorosulfonic acid resin capable of being industrially applied is selected as a base membrane material, and the modified polybenzimidazole polymer resin is added, so that the problem of high ion permeation rate of a perfluorosulfonic acid proton exchange membrane in the prior art is solved; interpenetration and permeation of the electrolyte in the use process of the perfluorosulfonic acid proton exchange membrane can be reduced, cross contamination of positive and negative electrolyte is greatly reduced, and the service life of the electrolyte is prolonged. The PBI is functionalized, so that the proton transmission capacity of the PBI is improved, and the proton exchange membrane formed by blending the functionalized PBI and the perfluorinated sulfonic acid resin can keep excellent vanadium resistance, excellent proton transmission capacity and relatively high ion selectivity at the same time. The preparation process is simple, and the prepared proton exchange membrane can meet the performance and long-term stability use requirements of a flow battery.

A problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide an ion exchange membrane that can increase the surface area of a membrane effective for ion permeation, properly decreases the electric resistance of a flow passage between membranes and the attachment of a contaminating substance thereto, also enhances the mechanical strength of the membrane itself, and further, is less deformed or damaged due to swelling over a wide range of salt concentrations and even if there is a large difference in salt concentration between two solutions contacted with the membrane. The present invention provides an ion exchange membrane having a concavo-convex shape, wherein the ion exchange membrane has a flat portion in the vicinity of ends, and a convex curve and a concave curve resulting from curvatures of the ion exchange membrane itself form a convex part and a concave parts, respectively, in the concavo-convex shape of the ion exchange membrane, wherein the convex part extends linearly or curvedly, the concave part between the convex parts is flat, the concave part includes a first concave part adjacent to the convex part in the lateral direction of the convex part, along the longitudinal direction of the convex part, the convex part has an apex and a side face in the longitudinal direction, and the side face is inclined from the apex toward the first concave part.

The invention provides special modified anticorrosive paint for a marine steel structure and an environment-friendly preparation method of the special modified anticorrosive paint. The special modified anticorrosive paint is prepared from the following components in parts by weight: 35 to 45 parts of inorganic silicate binder, 10 to 20 parts of composite nano reinforcement, 2 to 5 parts of modified graphene, 20 to 30 parts of silane modified inorganic filler, 15 to 20 parts of deionized water, 0.5 to 1 part of dispersing agent, 0.3 to 0.6 part of defoaming agent, 0.3 to 0.5 part of flatting agent, 0.4 to 0.8 part of thixotropic agent and 0.1 to 0.3 part of pH stabilizer. The two-dimensional barrier of the modified graphene, the laminated barrier of the silane modified flaky filler, the chemical corrosion inhibition of the anti-rust filler and the microcosmic enhancement effect of the composite nano reinforcer cooperate with one another, so that a compact coating with few defects and a zigzag permeation path is formed, and the chloride ion permeation resistance is excellent.

The invention belongs to the technical field of high polymer materials, and particularly relates to a proton exchange membrane as well as a preparation method and application thereof, and the preparation method of the proton exchange membrane comprises the step of blending functional resin and an additive to form a membrane, the functional resin comprises one or a combination of perfluorosulfonic acid resin, polybenzimidazole resin, polyether-ether-ketone resin, polyimide resin, polyether sulfone resin and polysulfone resin; the additive is sulfonated MXene; in percentage by mass, the ratio of the functional resin is 80 to 99.9 percent, and the ratio of the additive is 0.1 to 20 percent. The proton exchange membrane prepared by the invention has low ion permeability, high proton conductivity and excellent ion selectivity and mechanical property.

The invention belongs to the technical field of energy storage, and discloses a covalent organic framework film with a sandwich structure as well as a preparation method and application of the covalent organic framework film. The preparation method comprises the following steps: carrying out condensation reaction on 2, 2 '-benzidine disulfonic acid and trialdehyde phloroglucinol to prepare a self-supporting covalent organic framework membrane, dip-coating the self-supporting covalent organic framework membrane in a polybenzimidazole solution, and carrying out phase inversion to prepare the covalent organic framework membrane with a sandwich structure. According to the invention, selective transfer of protons is realized by using a pore structure and a sulfonic acid group in the covalent organic framework, vanadium ion permeation is hindered, and meanwhile, in the battery assembly and operation process, the polybenzimidazole layers on the two sides play a role in protecting the covalent organic framework membrane. The prepared membrane has high proton selectivity and battery efficiency.

This invention discloses a high-precision patterned hydrogel, its preparation method, and a flexible electronic device. The preparation method of the high-precision patterned hydrogel includes the following steps: using a buffer solution containing polyethylene glycol thiol derivatives and hydrogen peroxide as a prepolymer solution (prepolymer solution 1), applying the prepolymer solution 1 to the surface of a substrate, and reacting to obtain a substrate with a thin film; using an aqueous solution containing a monoene water-soluble monomer, a diene water-soluble monomer, a water-soluble photoinitiator, and a polymerization inhibitor as a prepolymer solution (prepolymer solution 2), immersing the substrate with the first thin film in the prepolymer solution 2; after immersion, washing and solvent removal to obtain a substrate with a dry film; photolithographically patterning the substrate with the dry film, and then removing unexposed areas with a developer to obtain the high-precision patterned hydrogel. This invention can effectively improve the precision of the patterned hydrogel, while also giving the high-precision patterned hydrogel high biocompatibility and ion permeability.

The invention provides an impervious concrete composition as well as a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of concrete building construction. The impermeable concrete composition comprises cement, a mineral admixture, aggregate, an additive and an auxiliary component, the mass ratio of the mineral admixture to the auxiliary component is (150-250): (5-10); the mineral admixture is prepared from steel slag powder, phosphorus slag powder and bentonite in a mass ratio of (5-15): (5-15): (20-30); the auxiliary component comprises a nano composite material and latex powder in a mass ratio of (1-5): (1-5); the nano composite material is prepared from nano manganese oxide, nano silicon dioxide and nano cuprous oxide in a ratio of (1-3): (5-10): (2-5). The anti-seepage concrete has the advantages of small water seepage height, small chloride ion permeability coefficient, high maximum anti-seepage pressure and excellent anti-seepage performance.

A single-use disposable potentiometric reference sensor includes an insulating base substrate; a reference electrode disposed on the insulating base substrate, wherein the reference electrode is a silver-silver chloride electrode; an inner layer disposed on the reference electrode, wherein the inner layer is an amorphous salt layer including an amorphous polysaccharide and a salt having equally-mobility cations and anions; and a semi-permeable cover membrane disposed over the inner layer, wherein the semi-permeable cover membrane has water vapor and ion permeability.

A process for manufacturing the composition coating may include selecting a wood or masonry material substrate and utilizing a sol-gel comprising a silane or silane derivative and metal oxide precursor to coat the substrate. The process may utilize an all solution process or controlled environment for manufacturing a composition coating that prevent wetting and / or staining of a substrate. The composition coatings for treating wood or masonry materials improves weather-resistance, microbial resistance, stain-resistance and fungal-resistance of the materials. The reduced permeability of the resulting masonry materials can also delay or inhibit degradation caused by permeation of ions such as chlorides and sulfates. In addition, a stain comprising the composite solution and pigments may impart additional property to wood or masonry materials whilst retaining or improving the original appearance, particularly for the visibility and contrast of the wood grain as seen after the application of the coating.

An ion permeable membrane for selective permeation of a target ion, preferably lithium, through the membrane, the membrane comprising a target ion permeable composite comprises a target ion permeable ceramic and at least one organic polymer associated with the target ion permeable ceramic.

The invention discloses an electrolytic bath for directly producing hydrogen from seawater and a method for directly producing hydrogen from seawater, and relates to the technical field of seawater electrolysis hydrogen production. The electrolytic cell is of a double-layer partition structure, seawater with the salinity of 20-35 g / L (the conductivity is 30-50 mS / cm) is directly introduced into an anode high-salt area, and the conductivity of a cathode low-salt area is maintained to be lt; and a dynamic adjustment membrane (DAM, the thickness is 100 microns, and the aperture is 0.5-1 micron) is arranged in the membrane to control ion permeation. The anode uses an IrO-MoS2 composite catalyst (the proportion of IrO2 is 20%), the cathode uses MoS2 (the loading capacity is 2.0 mg / cm < 2 >), the operation voltage is 1.8-2.3 V, the current density is 0.8-1.6 A / cm < 2 >, and the temperature is 40-60 DEG C. According to the device, the H2 yield is 2.0-2.3 L / min, the efficiency is 85-90%, and the service life is gt; in 6000 hours, a Cl2 by-product 1t is obtained; and 0.05%. The method is free of pretreatment, high in corrosion resistance and suitable for green hydrogen energy production in coastal areas.

The invention discloses low-heat slag cement and a preparation method thereof. The cement is prepared from the following components in percentage by weight: 50%-70% of high belite Portland cement clinker, 20%-50% of active slag micropowder, 4%-6% of gypsum, 1%-5% of composite functional filler, 0.1%-1.0% of a construction performance regulator and 0.01%-0.1% of a grinding aid. The preparation method comprises the following steps: preparing the rapidly cooled high belite clinker; the slag and the sodium sulfate-triethanolamine composite exciting agent are jointly ground to prepare high-activity slag micro powder; all the components are jointly ground in proportion until the specific surface area is 300-400 m / kg, and the proportion of particles with the particle size of 3-30 microns is controlled to be larger than 70%. Through the synergistic effect of multiple components, low hydration heat (less than or equal to 230kJ / kg in 7 days), high early strength (more than or equal to 12MPa in 7 days) and high later strength (more than or equal to 32.5 MPa in 28 days) are realized at the same time, and the concrete has excellent chloride ion permeation resistance and sulfate attack resistance, is excellent in construction performance, and is particularly suitable for engineering construction of mass concrete and in a severe environment.

The invention discloses a self-repairing underwater detection patch of a bionic starfish wrist foot friction nano-generator and a preparation method and application of the self-repairing underwater detection patch, and belongs to the technical field of underwater detection equipment. Comprising the following structures: a bionic topological structure, a gradient dielectric layer, an anti-ion permeation coating, a dynamic self-repairing material layer, a bionic mucus self-sealing layer and a silver-carbon nanotube composite electrode. Compared with an existing patch, the self-repairing underwater detection patch of the bionic starfish wrist foot friction nanometer generator has the advantages that the charge density (58 [mu] C / mvs.1. 1 [mu] C / m), the self-repairing efficiency (92% vs.0%), the compressive strength (78 MPa vs.25 MPa) and the power density (1.2 W / mvs.0.05 W / m) respectively achieve the advantages of 52.7 times, base-free improvement, 3.1 times and 24 times.

This invention relates to the field of marine engineering subgrade material preparation technology, and discloses a method for preparing high-performance subgrade materials based on fly ash modification. The method includes: spraying atomized activator onto the surface of fly ash particles, using inorganic acid to etch micro-pits on the surface and depositing mineral salts in situ; mixing activated fly ash with aggregates and an alkaline activator to prepare a subgrade mixture; applying high-frequency vibration pressure during compaction to inject the activating force into the micro-pits; and utilizing the osmotic pressure difference generated by the dissolution of mineral salts to drive the hydration products to grow outward from the micro-pits. This invention, through the concentration gradient generated by the mineral salt enrichment layer, causes the hydration products to form a reverse-growth interwoven structure within the pores, achieving a shift from passive barrier to active sealing defense, thereby improving the material's mechanical anchoring strength and resistance to ion penetration in high-salt marine environments.

Provided is a laminate for a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery superior in ion permeability under applied pressure. A laminate for a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery in accordance with the present disclosure, including a porous layer and a particle layer provided on at least one surface of the porous layer, the laminate satisfying the following Formula (1):Ra / Sa≥0.80  (1)(in the Formula (1), Ra represents an arithmetic mean roughness [μm] measured by contact-type measurement on a surface on which the particle layer is provided and Sa represents an arithmetic mean roughness [μm] measured by noncontact-type measurement on the surface on which the particle layer is provided.)

The invention belongs to the technical field of separation membranes, and particularly relates to a flexible ZIF-8 base membrane capable of being repeatedly bent for use and a preparation method and application thereof.The method comprises the steps that 1, beta-cyclodextrin and a polydopamine solution are prepared into a Tris-HCl buffer solution, a polyvinylidene fluoride membrane is subjected to ultrasonic treatment and drying in ethyl alcohol and deionized water, immersed in the buffer solution and stirred, and a membrane suspension is obtained; washing with deionized water, and drying; 2, dissolving zinc acetate dihydrate in methanol to prepare a solution A, dissolving 2-methylimidazole and sodium dihydrate in methanol to prepare a solution B, and rapidly adding the solution A into the solution B to obtain a ZIF-8 precursor solution; and 3, vertically putting the membrane obtained in the step 1 into a reaction kettle, transferring the ZIF-8 precursor solution into the reaction kettle, carrying out high-temperature reaction to prepare a ZIF-8 base membrane, washing with methanol, and carrying out air drying. The problems that a separation membrane cannot give consideration to both ion permeability and selectivity, the membrane forming flexibility is insufficient, and the separation performance is reduced after the membrane is repeatedly bent are solved.

The invention belongs to the technical field of building materials, and discloses a marine corrosion-resistant cementing material based on metallurgical solid waste and a composite mineralization activator and a preparation method thereof.The marine corrosion-resistant cementing material is prepared from, by mass, 60-89% of metallurgical solid waste powder, 10-38% of the composite mineralization activator and 0-3% of auxiliary components. The marine corrosion-resistant cementing material provided by the invention takes the metallurgical solid waste powder as a main raw material, so that efficient resource utilization of metallurgical solid wastes is realized, dependence on natural resources is reduced, the problem of environmental pollution caused by solid waste stockpiling is reduced, and the marine corrosion-resistant cementing material has good environmental protection benefits and economic benefits. The marine corrosion-resistant cementing material has the properties of low hydration heat, high strength, excellent chloride ion permeation resistance, freezing and thawing resistance, chemical corrosion resistance and the like, is particularly suitable for severe environments such as marine engineering and the like, and can effectively prolong the service life of an engineering structure and reduce the maintenance cost.

The invention relates to the crossing field of concrete structures and energy storage, in particular to a concrete supercapacitor structure, a manufacturing method and a testing method.The concrete supercapacitor structure comprises a plurality of layers of plates formed by mechanical bearing concrete, cavities are formed in the plates, and the cavities are filled with ion permeation concrete; the electrode plates are laid between the plates formed by the mechanical bearing concrete, the capacitor is prepared through concrete, the concrete structure is a binary composite cavity structure, cavities are reserved in the mechanical bearing concrete, and the concrete super capacitor is finally formed through ion permeation concrete filling, electrode plate laying and layer-by-layer arrangement. Compared with the prior art, the mechanical property and the energy storage capacity are relatively optimized, the whole supercapacitor is manufactured through a 3D printer, materials and labor cost are saved to a certain extent, the characteristics of different kinds of concrete are fully played, and therefore the supercapacitor has the advantages of being low in cost, long in service life, safe and wide in application range.

The invention relates to the technical field of wastewater treatment devices, in particular to a wastewater emission reduction and recovery device for treating alkaline water prepared by an ionic membrane method. Comprising a pretreatment box and an ion permeation assembly, the ion permeation assembly comprises a first-stage permeable membrane, a second-stage permeable membrane and a third-stage permeable membrane which are sequentially connected end to end, a water outlet of the pretreatment box is communicated with a water inlet of the first-stage permeable membrane, and a first-stage filter screen and a second-stage filter screen are arranged in the pretreatment box; two waste liquid tanks for receiving primary filter screen impurities and secondary filter screen impurities are arranged on the outer side of the pretreatment tank respectively, the liquid outlet ends of the waste liquid tanks are communicated with a water inlet of the secondary permeable membrane through a communicating pipe, a tertiary filter screen is arranged on the communicating pipe, a waste liquid tank for receiving tertiary filter screen impurities is arranged on the communicating pipe, and a filter pressing and water pumping assembly is arranged in the waste liquid tank. And a deslagging assembly is arranged in the pretreatment box and the communicating pipe. According to the invention, the wastewater can be subjected to multi-stage filtration and recycling, the water yield of purified water is improved, and the discharge amount of terminal strong brine is reduced.

The invention relates to the technical field of bioelectricity signal monitoring, in particular to an implantable biofilm wireless monitoring sensor and system based on AgCl / Ag impedance conversion, and the system comprises an anode integration module, a cathode verification module, a frequency analysis module, a closed-loop regulation and control module and a packaging state evaluation module. According to the method, by directly collecting the current of the closed-loop circuit of the implant and the charge transfer resistance of the biological membrane, original interface information is provided for subsequent analysis, the change rate of the resistivity of the silver chloride is detected, the resonant frequency deviation of the silver / silver chloride antenna is synchronously measured, a high-sensitivity anomaly recognition mechanism is constructed, and the early-warning capability of interface instability or material degradation in the early stage is improved; extracting a circuit phase angle and an antenna Q value after abnormity identification, calculating a frequency compensation coefficient by applying frequency domain least square fitting, controlling a silver chloride / silver conversion rate, optimizing wireless signal transmission, monitoring a packaged water vapor transmission rate and an ion permeation flux, and ensuring long-term reliability of implanted equipment.

A single-use disposable potentiometric reference sensor includes an insulating base substrate, a reference electrode disposed on the insulating base substrate where the reference electrode is a silver-silver chloride electrode, an internal layer disposed on the reference electrode where the internal layer is an amorphous salt layer that includes an amorphous polysaccharide and a salt having equi-mobility cations and anions, and a semipermeable cover membrane disposed over the internal layer where the semipermeable cover membrane has water vapor and ion permeability.

Disclosed are a high-salinity waste heat sewage treatment system and method based on self-power supply of light energy and osmotic energy, in which the high-salinity waste heat sewage is subjected to pretreatment and nanofiltration to remove impurities such as oil stains and organic matter; the sewage is branched by a three-way valve to a dilution unit to obtain low-salinity sewage; the high-salinity waste heat sewage is introduced into a high-concentration tank of an ion osmotic power generation device through a first valve, a third valve and a fifth valve, and the low-salinity waste heat sewage is introduced into a low-concentration tank of the ion osmotic power generation device through a second valve and a fourth valve, and ion migration is driven to generate power under the action of osmotic energy; the electric energy of the ion osmotic power generation is coupled with photovoltaic power generation and photo-thermal power generation to be stored in a storage battery group to supply power to a capacitive deionization device, so that self-power supply of the system is realized; the sewage is introduced into the capacitive deionization device at a certain speed through a sixth valve to remove salt; and the deionized water is branched by a three-way valve to flow into the dilution unit and to be subjected to final treatment.

The present invention relates to a battery cell (1) for a battery system (2) for a motor vehicle (3), comprising a cell housing (4) through which a cell interior (5) with a first interior region (5a) and a second interior region (5b) is formed, an anode (6) arranged in the first interior region (5a), a cathode (7) arranged in the second interior region (5b), and a separator (8) separating the first interior region (5a) from the second interior region (5b) in an ion-permeable manner, wherein the separator (8) is designed to be fusible. A heating wire (9) is arranged in the cell interior (5), wherein the heating wire (9) is designed to melt the separator (8) in such a way that ion permeability of the separator (8) can be reduced. The invention further relates to a battery system (2) for a motor vehicle (3) and to a motor vehicle (3) with an electric drive system (13).