711 results about "Tungsten" patented technology

The invention provides a method for recovering tungsten and rhenium from tungsten-rhenium alloy waste, which comprises the following steps: S1, collecting the tungsten-rhenium alloy waste, and crushing to obtain tungsten-rhenium alloy waste powder; s2, the cleaned tungsten-rhenium alloy waste powder is put into a reactor, and then a strong alkaline solution containing hydrogen peroxide is added into the reactor for a reaction; in the strong alkaline solution, the concentration of OH <-> dissociated by the strong alkaline substance is 2.0-4.0 mol / L, and the mass fraction of hydrogen peroxide in the strong alkaline solution is 5-15%; in the reaction process, synchronously and continuously introducing oxidizing gas into the reactor and applying ultrasonic treatment; and S3, after the reaction is finished, carrying out solid-liquid separation, collecting a leaching solution, then separating tungsten-containing ions and rhenium-containing ions in the leaching solution to respectively obtain a tungsten-containing ion solution and a rhenium-containing ion solution, and carrying out subsequent treatment to obtain tungsten salt or metal tungsten and rhenium salt or metal rhenium. According to the method, the passivation problem can be effectively solved, and the leaching rate and recovery rate of W and Re can be increased.

The invention relates to the technical field of materials, in particular to preparation of an amphiphilic tungsten disulfide nano material and application of the amphiphilic tungsten disulfide nano material in preparation of an oil displacement agent. The oil-displacing agent prepared from the amphiphilic tungsten disulfide nano material can reduce the interfacial tension of an oil-water interface, and can be quickly adsorbed to the oil-water interface to layer oil and water; the surface wettability of the rock is changed, the lipophilicity of the rock is changed into weak hydrophilicity, and the pore throat cannot be blocked due to excessive hydrophilicity while the oil phase is stripped. The nano oil-displacing agent disclosed by the invention can still have an enough stable use effect after being frozen at a low temperature and then unfrozen.

The invention belongs to the technical field of environment-friendly materials and wastewater treatment, and particularly relates to a tungsten slag-based fluorine removal agent and a preparation method thereof.The preparation method of the tungsten slag-based fluorine removal agent comprises the following steps that S1, tungsten slag and lithium slag are obtained; s2, sequentially drying, grinding and sieving the tungsten slag to obtain a first raw material, and sequentially drying, grinding and sieving the lithium slag to obtain a second raw material; s3, mixing the first raw material, the second raw material and water according to a certain proportion to obtain a slag-water mixture; s4, the slag-water mixture is adjusted to be acidic, the slag-water mixture is subjected to a hydrothermal synthesis reaction, washing and drying are conducted after filtering, and the tungsten slag-based fluorine removal agent is obtained; according to the method, the tungsten slag and the lithium slag are mixed, then the tungsten slag-based fluorine removal agent is synthesized through the hydrothermal method, the obvious removal effect on fluorine in waste water is achieved, the purpose of treating waste with waste is achieved, and high-value utilization of the tungsten slag and the lithium slag is achieved.

The invention relates to the technical field of nuclear fusion surface plasma W materials, in particular to nano rare earth oxide ceramic-Ti microalloy composite reinforced W powder, a composite material and a preparation method of the nano rare earth oxide ceramic-Ti microalloy composite reinforced W powder. The composite powder is of a nearly spherical core-shell hierarchical structure, and the particle size is 30-50 nm; according to the composite powder, refractory metal W serves as a matrix, nano rare earth oxide ceramic particles are evenly dispersed in matrix W crystal grains, Ti mainly forms an enrichment area on the surface of the matrix or a matrix / rare earth oxide interface in a simple substance or oxide mode, the phase interface structure is effectively improved, W crystal boundary migration and dislocation motion are hindered, W crystal grains are remarkably refined, and the composite powder is prepared. Part and W form semi-coherence, fine grain and interface strengthening and toughening are achieved, and a brand new thought and a technical method are provided for synergistically improving the strength and toughness of the W composite material. The composite powder is subjected to organic reduction synthesis and low-temperature reinforced sintering to prepare the composite material, the tensile strength at the room temperature reaches 500-610 MPa, and the ductility is 5%-8%.

The invention discloses a high-specific-gravity and high-toughness tungsten-nickel-copper material and a preparation method thereof, and belongs to the technical field of non-ferrous metal materials. The material comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 6-15% of nickel; 2-5% of copper; 2-5% of manganese, and the balance tungsten and inevitable impurities. The preparation method of the material comprises the following steps: preparing materials (pure tungsten powder, pure nickel powder, pure copper powder and pure manganese powder), mixing the powder, pressing, sintering, and carrying out recrystallization annealing heat treatment. In the burdening step, two kinds of tungsten powder with different particle size grades are selected and added, and the gradient particle size ratio is adjusted. By adding the strengthening element manganese, combining the gradient particle size ratio and enhancing interface bonding, the high specific gravity and high strength of the material are kept, meanwhile, excellent toughness can be kept, and the material is suitable for aerospace gyroscope rotors and balance weight parts, electronic industry precise instrument parts, medical instrument ray shielding materials and national defense military industry kinetic energy armor-piercing weapon parts.

The invention discloses a gadolinium-containing metal-based structure and function integrated neutron shielding material which comprises a stainless steel base material and gadolinium, chromium, tungsten and tantalum which are added into the stainless steel base material, and the stainless steel base material is martensitic stainless steel. The invention also discloses a preparation method of the shielding material. The preparation method comprises the following steps: (1) preparing and mixing the raw materials according to the design proportion; (2) smelting the mixed raw materials into a cast ingot under the protection of vacuum or inert gas; and (3) the cast ingot is made into the martensitic stainless steel material through hot pressing machining. Through the mode, the gadolinium-containing metal-based structure and function integrated neutron shielding material prepared by the preparation method disclosed by the invention has excellent mechanical properties, can be used as a structural component material, is suitable for radiation shielding protection of a microminiature reactor, and can be used as a structural component material to realize integration of a structure and a neutron shielding function.

The invention belongs to the technical field of new energy materials and bioelectrochemistry, and particularly relates to an iron-based multi-metal sulfide composite carbon anode material and a preparation method of the iron-based multi-metal sulfide composite carbon anode material. The preparation method is simple in process flow, convenient to operate, easy for large-scale production, wide in raw material source, low in cost and environment-friendly, and can be used for preparing the three-dimensional porous carbon matrix which is formed by foaming and carbonizing polyvinylpyrrolidone and is provided with interconnected carbon nanosheets. Through reasonable composition design and structural regulation, and optimization of metal ratio and vulcanization conditions, accurate regulation of material performance can be realized, electrochemical performance and biocompatibility are significantly improved, electricity generation performance and operation stability of a microbial fuel cell are improved, and good industrial application prospects are achieved.

The invention belongs to the technical field of metal-based composite materials, and particularly relates to a method for integrally preparing complex-shaped tungsten-copper alloy through injection molding and sintering, which comprises the following steps: mixing and preheating tungsten powder and copper powder; preparing a composite plasticizer matrix, mixing and granulating to obtain a granular mixed material; injecting the granular mixed material into a cavity of a steel mold through an extruding machine at the temperature of 150-200 DEG C; cooling and demolding to obtain a molded blank; the obtained formed blank is heated to 800-900 DEG C at the heating speed of 100-200 DEG C / h, and presintering is conducted for 1-2 h; and the pre-sintered formed blanks are arranged in a graphite boat at intervals, landfill and compaction are carried out through emery, then the formed blanks are heated to 1400-1450 DEG C, heat preservation is carried out for 2-2.5 h, and sintering and post-treatment are carried out. The method provided by the invention effectively solves the technical problems that an infiltration link is needed in a traditional production mode of the material, the material is not uniform, the mechanical and electrical properties are low, and a complex structure is difficult to directly form.

The invention belongs to the technical field of rhenium alloy materials, and particularly relates to a high-strength rhenium alloy material and a preparation method thereof. The rhenium alloy material is prepared from the following raw materials in percentage by mass: 12 to 24 weight percent of molybdenum, 6 to 9 weight percent of niobium, 2 to 5 weight percent of cobalt, 1 to 3 weight percent of tungsten, 0.5 to 1.2 weight percent of modified tantalum carbide, 3 to 6 weight percent of high-entropy rare earth and the balance of rhenium and other inevitable impurities. The modified tantalum carbide is prepared by the following preparation process: adding tantalum chloride, zirconium oxychloride and phenolic resin into a mixed solution of acetylacetone and n-butyl alcohol, stirring for 1-2 hours under a heating condition, dropwise adding ammonia water, continuously stirring for 0.5-1 hour, and drying to obtain a precursor; calcining the precursor, and cooling to obtain the modified tantalum carbide. The rhenium alloy prepared through the method has high hardness, good bending strength and excellent high-temperature mechanical property.

The invention provides a ceramsite proppant as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The method comprises the following steps: grinding a coal gangue raw material, pre-sintering, cooling and then grinding again; grinding the tungsten tailing sand, the low-grade bauxite, the carbide slag and the clay; grinding after mixing the raw materials; the raw materials comprise 45-60 parts of low-grade bauxite, 20-35 parts of pre-sintered coal gangue, 15-20 parts of tungsten tailing sand, 1-5 parts of carbide slag and 7-14 parts of clay; the total amount of the low-grade bauxite, the pre-sintered coal gangue and the tungsten tailing sand is 100 parts; granulating and drying; carrying out first sintering at 800-950 DEG C; second sintering is conducted at the temperature of 1050-1200 DEG C; and naturally cooling to obtain the ceramsite proppant. The technical problem to be solved is how to realize high-valued utilization of mine solid waste and low-grade bauxite, reduce dependence on high-quality bauxite and production cost, reduce sintering energy consumption and carbon emission, reduce product body density and improve key performance such as strength and sphericity of the proppant by optimizing raw material combination and a preparation process. And the requirements of oil and gas field fracturing operation are met.

The invention relates to a high-Ni alloy flux-cored wire for 9% Ni steel welding, which is prepared by coating a flux core with a nickel-based steel strip, and the flux core comprises the following components in percentage by weight: 18.0-30.0% of metal nickel powder, 5.0-8.0% of metal chromium powder, 5.0-9.0% of metal molybdenum powder, 1-2% of metal tungsten powder, 20.0-30.0% of rutile, 1.0-3.0% of quartz, 2.0-5.0% of albite, 1.0-3.0% of potassium feldspar, 0.5-3.0% of mica, 1.0-4.0% of cryolite, 0.2-0.8% of self-made raw material and the balance of reduced iron powder and inevitable impurities. The flux-cored wire belongs to a hastelloy system and is particularly suitable for welding of horizontal position welding and vertical position welding of the marine LNG storage tank, the mechanical performance of cladding metal of the flux-cored wire can reach 50 J or above at the low-temperature impact of-196 DEG C, the tensile strength is larger than 700 MPa, and the flux-cored wire is excellent in crack resistance and comprehensive performance.

The invention belongs to the field of regeneration treatment of waste mineral oil, and particularly relates to a hydrogenation catalysis treatment process for a waste mineral oil suspension bed. The method aims at the problem of deep removal of impurities such as organic chlorine and organic silicon in waste mineral oil. A novel multifunctional composite adsorbent is prepared, a modified aluminum oxide-titanium oxide composite carrier is used as a basis, a main active metal tungsten and an auxiliary agent metal copper are loaded, and the main active metal tungsten and the auxiliary agent metal copper are converted into corresponding sulfides through vulcanization treatment; through multi-stage countercurrent contact, impurities such as chlorine and silicon in the waste oil are deeply removed, the process can efficiently remove organic chlorine and silicon impurities in the waste mineral oil, the service life of a hydrogenation catalyst is remarkably prolonged, the product quality is improved, and downstream equipment is prevented from being corroded.

The invention discloses a Ni-W coating with a gradient structure on the surface of a pipe and a preparation method of the Ni-W coating, and belongs to the technical field of metal surface modification. According to the Ni-W coating with the gradient structure, the bottom layer is of a nanocrystalline crystalline structure, and the surface layer is of an amorphous structure; according to the gradient structure of the Ni-W coating, the tungsten content is gradually increased in the growth direction of the coating, and continuous gradient distribution is formed. In the plating process, the concentration of tungsten ions in the plating solution is controlled by regulating and controlling the current or the potential, the structure transformation of the Ni-W alloy plating layer from a nanocrystalline structure to an amorphous structure is achieved, the gradient Ni-W plating layer with the nanocrystalline crystalline structure at the bottom layer and the amorphous structure at the surface layer is obtained, the metal activity of carbon steel is enhanced, and the corrosion resistance of the Ni-W alloy plating layer is improved. And the plating layer gives consideration to the binding force, corrosion resistance and wear resistance. According to the method, the technical problems that the binding force between a carbon steel substrate and a plating layer interface is weak, and the Ni-W plating layer deposition speed is low due to the fact that the carbon steel metal activity is low are solved.

The invention relates to the technical field of alloy materials, in particular to a tungsten-zirconium active material and a preparation method thereof. The tungsten-zirconium active material provided by the invention is prepared from the following elements in percentage by mass through a specific preparation method: 55-85% of W, 10-35% of Zr and 3-30% of other elements, and the other elements are more than two of Ti, Nb, Hf and Mo. The content of W is controlled to be 55-85%, so that the density of the material is 11 g / cm < 3 > or above, the high strength of the material is ensured, and the material has kinetic energy penetration capacity; the content of Zr is 10% or above, and it is guaranteed that the material has certain activity; and the addition of other elements such as Ti, Nb, Hf and Mo inhibits the generation of a W2Zr brittle phase, so that the plasticity of the tungsten-zirconium active material is improved. And by combining with a specific preparation method, the prepared tungsten-zirconium active material has high plasticity while having high strength and high density.

The invention relates to the technical field of composite materials, in particular to a sound-insulation and heat-insulation composite material and a preparation method thereof.Multiple modified filler components with special structures and performance are introduced into the composite material, and a good sound-insulation and heat-insulation effect is achieved through the synergistic effect; modified hollow glass beads in the modified filler component have a hollow structure, and the structure can effectively block the transmission of sound and heat and play a role in sound insulation and heat insulation; the sulfur-loaded modified multi-walled carbon nanotube has a unique tubular structure, can increase the scattering and reflection paths of sound waves and heat flow in the material, and reduces the conduction efficiency of sound and heat; the nano silicon dioxide modified graphene oxide has a layered structure, and a large number of tiny pores can be formed between layers, so that transmission of sound and heat is further hindered; meanwhile, cesium tungsten bronze nano-powder is selected as the PVC heat insulation agent, and the substance has excellent optical performance and can reflect and scatter infrared rays and reduce heat transfer through radiation.

The invention relates to the field of metallurgical solid waste resource utilization, and particularly provides a method for recycling valuable metals in tungsten smelting slag. The method comprises the following steps: (1) mixing tungsten smelting slag containing W, Ni, Co and optional Cu, molybdenum smelting slag containing Mo and Cu, a carbonaceous reducing agent and pyrite to obtain a mixture; and (2) the mixture is subjected to reduction vulcanization smelting, a smelting product comprising an alloy phase, a sulfonium phase and a slag phase is obtained, W, Mo, Co and Ni are enriched in the alloy phase, and Cu is enriched in the sulfonium phase. According to the method, the smelting temperature can be reduced, valuable metal can be efficiently recycled, additional fluxing agents do not need to be added, the distribution state of the metal can be optimized, and then the recycling cost is reduced.

This invention discloses a method for synergistic surface modification of tungsten-copper powder to inhibit the decomposition of polyoxymethylene (POM), belonging to the field of polymer material anti-degradation modification technology. This invention addresses the problem that tungsten-copper powder easily catalyzes the severe degradation of POM during PIM tungsten-copper feedstock mixing and injection molding, leading to poor feedstock flowability, injection instability, large fluctuations in product size and weight, and low yield. First, the tungsten-copper powder is activated by low-temperature plasma etching to construct a reaction interface. Then, a silica barrier film is prepared using tetraethyl orthosilicate as the silicon source and modified with fluorosilicone, loaded with a metal soap neutralizer, grafted with a hindered phenolic antioxidant, and simultaneously introduced with epoxy active groups to construct a multi-component synergistic degradation inhibition system. This invention, through multi-step synergistic modification, precisely controls the modification process, comprehensively inhibiting POM decomposition. When the modified powder is blended with POM, a capping reaction occurs, blocking the unzipping degradation pathway of POM, improving the compatibility of the filler and the matrix, and ensuring the continuous and stable preparation and injection molding of PIM tungsten-copper feedstock.

The invention relates to a brazing method for an aluminum oxide ceramic / niobium metal high-temperature-resistant structural member, which is characterized by comprising the following steps of: 1, plating nickel on a tungsten metallization layer of aluminum oxide ceramic; and secondly, vacuum brazing is conducted on the aluminum oxide ceramic and niobium metal through the AuNi 17.5 / tungsten net / AuNi 17.5 composite brazing filler metal. According to the method, a layer of nickel metal is electroplated on the tungsten metallization layer, spreading of the brazing filler metal is facilitated, the tungsten metallization density can be increased, and the wettability of the brazing filler metal on an interface can be improved. And by adopting the gold-nickel brazing filler metal, the welding seam forming quality and the temperature resistance of the joint can be improved.

The application belongs to the technical field of copper wire preparation, and discloses a preparation process of high-strength and high-toughness copper wire. The preparation process comprises the following steps: mixing Ni, Co and Al element powders according to a molar ratio of 0.95-1.05:0.95-1.05:0.95-1.05, and then high-energy ball milling to obtain Ni-Co-Al middle-entropy alloy micro powder, and then vacuum arc melting or discharge plasma sintering to obtain Ni-Co-Al middle-entropy alloy; mixing the Ni-Co-Al middle-entropy alloy with tungsten copper alloy and copper ingot for melting, cooling the molten copper water through a condensing device, drawing out by a traction mechanism, annealing treatment, winding by a rewinding machine after cooling, and obtaining the copper wire. The application takes the copper ingot as a base material, the tungsten copper alloy as a reinforcing phase, and the Ni-Co-Al middle-entropy alloy as a bonding phase, and the copper wire is prepared by conventional mixed melting, so that the application has the advantages of simple processing method and low production cost.

The present application provides a contact comprising: a first contact member formed of a tungsten-containing material, the first contact member having an exposed surface and a first groove open to the exposed surface, the first groove having a surrounding sidewall and a bottom wall defining an interior of the first groove; a first metal layer on a bottom wall of the first recess and having a top surface below the exposed surface of the first contact member; a liquid metal layer formed of a material containing a gallium indium tin alloy, located only on the top surface of the first metal layer and extending over the exposed surface of the first contact member, and the liquid metal layer is compliant and displaced by pressure applied to the liquid metal layer, and return to the initial shape in response to removal of the pressure on the liquid metal layer.

The application discloses a long-time high-speed tungsten chemical mechanical polishing liquid and application thereof. The tungsten chemical mechanical polishing liquid comprises the following components in mass percentage: 0.1-5% of abrasive, 0.5-5% of oxidant, 0.001-0.05% of tungsten catalyst, 0.01-0.05% of stabilizer, 0.005-0.05% of surface quality improver, 0.001-0.003% of oxidase, and the balance is deionized water. The tungsten chemical mechanical polishing liquid has the characteristics of long-time high speed and good surface quality.

The invention relates to the technical field of functional materials, in particular to a tungsten hard alloy and a preparation method and application thereof. According to the invention, yttrium oxide and cerium oxide with specific contents are compounded for use, so that the hardness of the tungsten hard alloy is further improved. Moreover, through graphene oxide, on one hand, the hardness of the tungsten hard alloy is improved, on the other hand, the integrality and the machining performance of all the components are enhanced, and it is guaranteed that yttrium oxide is effectively combined with cerium oxide, tungsten carbide and titanium carbide. By introducing the iron powder and the cobalt powder, on one hand, the bonding effect is achieved, and on the other hand, the synergistic effect of yttrium oxide, cerium oxide and graphene oxide is promoted, so that the tungsten hard alloy with higher hardness is formed on the premise that the overall performance of the tungsten-titanium-cobalt hard alloy is guaranteed. The tungsten hard alloy provided by the invention can meet the performance requirements in the field of cutting or precision parts, can be processed into cutting tools or precision parts, and has a wide application prospect.

The present invention provides a quantum device and a method for manufacturing the same that enable the injection of Cooper pairs into the edges of a two-dimensional topological insulator without the use of heterointerfaces, and the control of the Fermi level at the edges of the two-dimensional topological insulator. [Solution] The quantum device comprises a monolayer 4 of tungsten ditelluride having a 1T' type crystal structure, a first electrode 6a that provides a first potential to a first portion of the monolayer that is a part of the monolayer and separated from the outer periphery of the monolayer, and a second electrode 6b that provides a second potential to a second portion of the monolayer that is a part of the monolayer and includes a certain range of the outer periphery of the monolayer. The first electrode is positioned so that Cooper pairs generated by the application of the first potential to the first portion can penetrate a third portion that is a part of the second portion and includes the certain range. The third portion is a region in which topological superconductivity occurs when Cooper pairs penetrate.

The present application relates to a special coating for water-cooled wall surface of coal-fired boiler, in particular to a coating for water-cooled wall surface of coal-fired boiler, a preparation method and application thereof. The coating comprises nano-tungsten powder, tungsten carbide, rare earth compound, sodium borate, potassium chromate, rock asphalt, binder, modifier, dispersant, defoaming agent, curing agent and solvent. The coating is fused on the water-cooled wall surface of coal-fired boiler, the obtained coating has good interface bonding with the water-cooled wall base material, low porosity, avoids the penetration of corrosive gas and liquid, solves the corrosion problem of water-cooled wall, and also avoids the reduction of coating hardness and wear resistance; the coating is not easy to wear and damage in long-term use, can improve the high-temperature resistance, hardness, corrosion resistance and wear resistance of the water-cooled wall surface of boiler, effectively prolongs the service life of the water-cooled wall surface of boiler, and further ensures the safe and stable operation of coal-fired boiler.

The invention relates to the technical field of functional material preparation, in particular to a two-dimensional transition metal chalcogenide target material and a preparation method thereof. The method comprises the steps that high-purity tellurium and transition metal are mixed, the transition metal is high-purity tungsten or high-purity molybdenum, vacuum swing smelting is conducted at the temperature of 1100-1300 DEG C, and a cast ingot is obtained; crushing and ball-milling the cast ingot to obtain micron-sized powder: carrying out high-energy ball-milling on the micron-sized powder to obtain nano-sized powder; the nanoscale powder is subjected to heat treatment at the temperature of 150-160 DEG C, and nanopowder subjected to heat treatment is obtained; presintering the nano powder subjected to heat treatment at 300-400 DEG C, and then sintering at a high temperature of 500-750 DEG C and 20-40 MPa to obtain a target blank; and carrying out hot isostatic pressing treatment on the target blank under the conditions of 500-650 DEG C and 80-150 MPa. According to the preparation method provided by the invention, the high-quality alloy target material with high density, large size and uniform components can be obtained.

The invention relates to the technical field of silicon carbide, and discloses a method for removing a tungsten element in a silicon carbide raw material and silicon carbide powder. The method for removing the tungsten element in the silicon carbide raw material comprises the following steps: preparing a leaching agent; mixing a silicon carbide raw material and the leaching agent, and performing leaching reaction to obtain a solid-liquid mixture; carrying out post-treatment on the solid-liquid mixture to obtain silicon carbide powder; wherein the leaching agent comprises a strong oxidant and organic acid. According to the method, selective dissolution of tungsten impurities can be achieved under the mild condition, pollution to the environment is avoided, the requirements for environmental protection and industrial production are met, and the cost is greatly reduced.

Non-grain-oriented electrical steel sheet, having a thickness of 0.30 mm to 0.38 mm and a composition comprising the following elements, expressed as weight percent: 0.0001% ≤ Carbon ≤ 0.007% 0.09% ≤ Manganese ≤ 0.15% 2.6% ≤ Silicon ≤ 2.95% 0.1% ≤ Aluminum ≤ 0.5% Phosphorus ≤ 0.15% Sulfur ≤ 0.006% Nitrogen ≤ 0.09% 0% ≤ Tin ≤ 0.04% and may contain one or more of the following optional elements: 0% ≤ Niobium ≤ 0.1% 0% ≤ Titanium ≤ 0.1% 0% ≤ Vanadium ≤ 0.1% 0% ≤ Chromium ≤ 1% 0% ≤ Molybdenum ≤ 0.5% 0% ≤ Tungsten ≤ 0.1% 0% ≤ Cobalt ≤ 1% 0% ≤ Arsenic ≤ 0.05% 0.001% ≤ Calcium ≤ 0.01% 0% ≤ Copper ≤ 1% 0% ≤ Nickel ≤ 1% 0% ≤ Boron ≤ 0.05% 0% ≤ Lead ≤ 0.2% 0% ≤ Antimony ≤ 0.2% wherein the remaining composition consists of iron and unavoidable impurities caused by processing, wherein the microstructure of the steel sheet consists of ferrite, comprising 80% to 100% recrystallized microstructure and 0% to 20% non-recrystallized microstructure in area fractions, wherein the average grain size of the recrystallized microstructure is 20 to 110 micrometers, and exhibiting a percentage of eddy current losses in the total iron losses, measured at 1 T and 400 Hz according to standards IEC 60404-2, of 35% to 45%, calculated according to the Bertotti method.

The invention discloses a TSV (Through Silicon Via) process metal layer alignment method. The method comprises the following steps: S1, manufacturing a CT layer mark; s2, executing a CT layer metal filling process; s3, carrying out photoetching on the TSV layer to define a TSV pattern, and removing photoresist in a marking area of the CT layer at the same time; s4, etching the TSV layer, and etching a mark which is opposite to the mark of the CT layer by using the etching selection ratio of the filling metal to the Si; s5, metal on the CT layer mark is removed, and an alignment mark which is opposite to the CT layer mark in tone is left; s6, TSV metal filling is carried out; and S7, Metal dep, and photoetching marking is used for subsequent level alignment and overlay. The technical problem that alignment marks and overlay marks cannot be recognized due to tungsten filling can be solved.

The application provides a film layer structure, a shell, an electronic device and a preparation method of the film layer structure. The film layer structure at least comprises a substrate layer, a first functional layer and a color layer which are stacked; the first functional layer is located between the substrate layer and the color layer; the material of the first functional layer is a composite metal material containing a first metal material and tungsten; from the side of the first functional layer facing the substrate layer to the side of the first functional layer facing the color layer, the atomic ratio of the first metal material to tungsten gradually decreases. The hardness of the film layer structure is good, so that the wear resistance of the film layer structure can be improved.

The present application relates to a kind of transition layer powder, transition layer and its preparation method and application, the preparation raw material of the transition layer powder is composed of tungsten, manganese oxide, silicon dioxide and aluminium oxide;With mass percentage, the mass percentage of tungsten in the preparation raw material of the transition layer powder is 75wt% or more;The mass ratio of tungsten and manganese oxide is 8:1 to 20:1 The preparation raw material of the transition layer powder provided by the present application uses tungsten, manganese oxide, silicon dioxide and aluminium oxide, and controls the ratio of tungsten and manganese oxide, so that it can form the transition layer with the tungsten skeleton structure of small pore when being applied on high-purity alumina ceramic substrate, it is convenient for copper-based brazing filler metal to melt into the tungsten skeleton pore of transition layer and form tungsten copper infiltration effect, and has the effect of wetting tungsten material, so as to improve the connection strength between high-purity alumina ceramic substrate with purity of 99wt% or more and tungsten material.