95 results about "Niobium pentoxide" patented technology

The invention relates to the technical field of piezoelectric light-transmitting functional ceramics, and discloses a high-light-transmitting ceramic material and a preparation method thereof.The preparation method comprises the following preparation steps that sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, niobium pentoxide, antimony trioxide, samarium oxide and zirconium dioxide powder raw materials are taken, and after primary ball milling and drying are conducted on the powder raw materials, mixed powder is obtained; carrying out pre-sintering and secondary ball milling on the mixed powder, carrying out compression molding to form a tablet, and sintering and polishing the tablet to obtain a ceramic matrix; and spraying the composite slurry to the surface of a ceramic matrix, carrying out heat treatment, and cooling to room temperature to obtain the high-transmittance ceramic material. The antimony trioxide, the samarium oxide and the zirconium dioxide are co-doped, an antimony-samarium-zirconium liquid phase is generated in the ceramic material, pores of the ceramic material are filled and eliminated, and the prepared ceramic material has excellent optical transmittance, piezoelectric property and mechanical strength.

The invention relates to a preparation method of a niobium pentoxide loaded molybdenum disulfide catalyst and application of the niobium pentoxide loaded molybdenum disulfide catalyst in lignin conversion. The preparation method comprises the following steps: dissolving ammonium molybdate heptahydrate and thiourea in distilled water, adding Nb2O5, and adjusting the pH value of the mixture to 0.8-1.1 by using hydrochloric acid; transferring the solution into a stainless steel autoclave for hydrothermal reaction; centrifugally separating to obtain a black precipitate, washing with water and absolute ethyl alcohol, and drying in vacuum overnight; and placing the obtained substance in a high-temperature and high-pressure reaction kettle, screwing the reaction kettle to seal the reaction kettle, discharging gas after introducing H2, discharging air in the device, pressurizing to 3-5 MPa, and reacting to obtain the catalyst Nb2O5-MoS2. The catalyst shows excellent activity of aromatic phenol and ether compound hydrodeoxygenation for aromatic hydrocarbon preparation. The invention provides the catalyst which is low in cost, simple and convenient to prepare and excellent in performance, after ten cycle experiments, the activity of the catalyst is still stable, and the indexes of the conversion rate and the yield are reduced by less than 5%.

The invention discloses a method for preparing 6N and above high-purity Nb2O5 by using a niobium oxalate precursor, belongs to the technical field of niobium pentoxide preparation, and solves the problems of low purity and high impurity content of Nb2O5 prepared by the existing method. The method comprises the following steps: mixing niobium oxalate with high-purity water to obtain a mixed solution; performing cold crystallization purification; separating niobium oxalate crystals from the mother liquor, washing and drying; the method comprises the following steps: putting niobium oxalate crystals into a crucible, putting the crucible into a vacuum reaction distillation furnace, sealing a system, vacuumizing to below 1Pa, carrying out inert gas replacement, and then carrying out stage heating and heat preservation; cooling to 800-900 DEG C, introducing high-purity oxygen into the system, and carrying out oxidation stabilization treatment at a constant temperature; after treatment, continuously cooling to 200 DEG C or below, and then naturally cooling to room temperature to obtain a high-purity Nb2O5 product. The Nb2O5 product prepared by the method disclosed by the invention is high in purity and low in impurity content.

The invention discloses a preparation method of high-purity Nb2O5, belongs to the field of preparation of Nb2O5, and solves the problem of low purity of Nb2O5 prepared by the existing method. The preparation method comprises the steps that a metal niobium ingot with the purity larger than or equal to 99.999% is adopted, and vacuum drying is conducted after surface peeling, dilute nitric acid ultrasonic cleaning and high-purity water flushing are conducted; the pretreated niobium ingot is subjected to a hydrogenation reaction in a pure hydrogen atmosphere, niobium hydride is generated and then crushed, and niobium hydride powder is obtained; carrying out dehydrogenation treatment on the niobium hydride powder under a high vacuum condition; dissolving the metal niobium powder with electronic-grade hydrofluoric acid, and filtering to obtain fluorine niobic acid filtrate; performing multi-stage counter-current extraction and reverse extraction on the fluobiobic acid filtrate by adopting an extracting agent to obtain fluobiobic acid reverse extraction liquid; introducing high-purity ammonia gas into the fluobiobic acid strip liquor, and precipitating to generate niobium hydroxide; ageing, filtering and washing with high-purity water for multiple times to obtain a niobium hydroxide filter cake; and calcining the niobium hydroxide filter cake in a high-purity oxygen atmosphere in stages to obtain niobium pentoxide. The niobium pentoxide prepared by the method disclosed by the invention is high in purity.

The invention provides a preparation method of ultra-pure niobium pentoxide, which is stable in process and high in efficiency, and aims to reduce the silicon content to be less than 3ppm and obtain ultra-pure niobium pentoxide through the synergistic effect of directional dissolution silicon removal and precision filtration and washing impurity removal.

This invention discloses a method for preparing interface-reinforced niobium pentoxide / porous graphene and its energy storage application. The method involves adding porous graphene oxide during the solvothermal synthesis of a niobium pentoxide precursor to obtain a composite precursor of niobium pentoxide and porous graphene oxide. This precursor is then annealed under a protective atmosphere to obtain the interface-reinforced niobium pentoxide / porous graphene composite material. The composite material obtained by this invention exhibits excellent performance as an electrochemical energy storage material. Furthermore, the preparation method of this invention is simple to operate, requires no complex equipment, and is easily controlled, making it suitable for mass production.

The application discloses a manganese-based composite monatomic catalyst and a method for propane low-temperature oxidation to prepare acetone, the manganese-based composite catalyst is characterized by taking manganese as an active component, at least one of iron, cobalt, copper and nickel as a first assistant, at least one of carbon and nitrogen as a second assistant, and at least one of aluminum oxide, cerium oxide, zinc oxide, zirconium oxide and niobium pentoxide as a carrier. The manganese-based composite monatomic catalyst is used in propane oxidation reaction with oxygen as an oxidant, and does not need to be matched with strong acid solvents, carbon monoxide and other harmful substances during use, is green and environment-friendly, can realize high-efficiency catalytic reaction under low-temperature conditions, and can obtain acetone with high selectivity, and the acetone yield can reach 45-55mmolg 催化剂 ‑1 h ‑1 The content of acetone in the liquid product can reach 65% at most, and the catalyst has excellent stability and can be stably recycled for 5 times without obvious deactivation.

The invention belongs to the technical field of lithium ion battery materials and electrochemistry, and discloses high-entropy doped niobium pentoxide nanoparticles as well as a preparation method and application thereof. The chemical formula of the nano-particles is Nb < 1-x > FeaCoeNiiCrjAlkO2, x = a + e + i + j + k, and x is larger than or equal to 0.04 and smaller than or equal to 0.06, 0 lt; a < lt >; 1, 0lt; lt, lt; 1, 0lt; ilt; 1, 0lt; jlt; 1, 0lt; klt; 1; the material has an orthorhombic system and a space group P2 / m, doped metal occupies Nb sites in an atomic-scale dispersion manner, and a unit cell parameter c axis is expanded to 0.41 nm; and the size of the nano particles is 50 to 200 nm. According to the preparation method, a hydrothermal method is combined with high-temperature sintering, niobium pentachloride is used as a niobium source, specific metal salt is used as a doping source, terephthalic acid is used as a ligand, and the material is prepared through the steps of solution preparation, hydrothermal reaction, drying and sintering. The nano-particles are high in electron conductivity and fast in lithium ion diffusion, the capacity reaches 156 mAh. G <-1 > under the rate of 100 C, the capacity retention rate is 88% or above after 1000 times of circulation under the rate of 10 C, and the nano-particles can be used as an excellent lithium ion battery negative electrode material and are suitable for the field of high-power lithium ion batteries.

The invention discloses a petuntse composition, ceramic and application, and relates to the technical field of ceramic. The ceramic disclosed by the invention is obtained by sequentially carrying out ageing treatment, sieving treatment, injection molding, airing, drying and sintering treatment on a petuntse composition. The petuntse composition comprises a ceramic waste material A, a ceramic waste material B and modified particles with gallium-coated cuprous oxide as a core and aluminum oxide as a shell in a specific proportion. And the components such as a high-entropy oxide solid solution generated by the reaction of hafnium oxide, tantalum pentoxide, niobium pentoxide, titanium dioxide, zirconium dioxide, chromium sesquioxide and carbon powder, and chromium heptacarbide are introduced, so that the ceramic prepared from the ceramic waste has excellent fracture toughness, bending strength, wear resistance, high temperature resistance and self-repairing ability. Therefore, the method has a wide application prospect.

The invention discloses a high-capacity porous niobium pentoxide material as well as a preparation method and application thereof, relates to niobium pentoxide as well as preparation and application thereof, and aims to solve the technical problems of low conductivity and slow ion diffusion of the conventional orthorhombic phase niobium pentoxide material. The material is formed by interconnection of niobium pentoxide matrix nanoparticles of 100-300 nm, secondary nanoparticles of 10-30 nm grow on the surface, and the material is in a raspberry-shaped multistage assembly morphology; the catalyst has mesopores with the pore diameter of 2-20 nm and the specific surface area of 15-45 m < 2 > / g; and the material has an orthorhombic phase niobium pentoxide structure and a carbon doping characteristic. The preparation method comprises the following steps: by taking a surfactant containing quaternary ammonium cations as a soft template, driving niobium salt and organic quaternary ammonium cations to be assembled by utilizing an electrostatic-coordination synergistic effect, and sintering at high temperature in an inert atmosphere. When used as a negative electrode of a lithium ion battery, the lithium ion battery can reach the capacity of 350 mAh / g under the current density of 0.1 A / g, and can be used in the field of fast-charge alkali metal ion batteries.

The invention provides a multi-modified lithium-rich manganese-based positive electrode material and a preparation method and application thereof, and the preparation method comprises the following steps: mixing a lithium-rich manganese-based precursor, a lithium source, lithium fluoride, niobium pentoxide and a fluxing agent to obtain a mixed material, and carrying out first sintering treatment on the mixed material to obtain a first sintered material; mixing the primary sintering material with a carbon source, and performing secondary sintering treatment to obtain a secondary sintering material; and mixing the secondary sintering material with lithium metaphosphate, and carrying out third sintering treatment to obtain the multi-modified lithium-rich manganese-based positive electrode material. The lithium-rich manganese-based positive electrode material is subjected to multiple modification, so that the problem of structural stability of a material body is solved, the interface effect is improved, surface passivation can be realized, and no extra resistance is generated for ion and electron transmission.

The application discloses a preparation method of a sheet-shaped Nb element doped modified bismuth titanate catalyst material. 3‑x Nb x O 12 , wherein 0.15<=x<=0.40, the molar ratio of Bi, Ti and Nb is taken as bismuth oxide, titanium dioxide and niobium pentoxide; step two: the raw materials in step one and the mass ratio of the molten salt are mixed, then the mixture is put into a crucible and fully grinded to obtain a mixture; step three: the mixture prepared in step two is fired in a muffle furnace, and a light yellow product is obtained after cooling; step four: the light yellow product prepared in step three is washed with deionized water, filtered and dried to obtain a sheet-shaped Nb element doped bismuth titanate catalyst powder. The technology can significantly improve the structural uniformity, defect concentration and piezoelectric response activity of the material, greatly reduce the energy consumption and time cost, provides an efficient path for large-scale production of high-performance catalysts, and has a wide market prospect.

The invention provides a defluorination preparation method of niobium pentoxide, which comprises the following steps: (1) mixing a niobium hydroxide raw material with deionized water, and stirring until the niobium hydroxide raw material and the deionized water are uniformly mixed to obtain a slurry material; (2) uniformly smearing the slurry-like material on the inner surface of a hollow cylindrical crucible, and putting the hollow cylindrical crucible into the middle section of a glass tube of a microwave tube furnace; (3) inserting a thermocouple from one side of the glass tube, enabling the end part of the thermocouple to be in contact with the slurry-like material in the hollow cylindrical crucible, placing a water vapor generating device on the other side of the glass tube, and enabling a water vapor tube of the water vapor generating device to extend into the glass tube; and (4) starting the water vapor generating device and the microwave tube furnace, raising the temperature of the slurry-like material in the hollow cylindrical crucible to a target temperature, preserving heat for 20-40 minutes, naturally cooling to room temperature, and taking out to obtain niobium pentoxide. According to the method, residual fluorine can be efficiently removed while the purity of niobium pentoxide is guaranteed, the water consumption for washing is reduced, and the process period is shortened.

The present invention relates to a catalyst for degrading COD in wastewater and a preparation method thereof, comprising the following steps: a first step of preparing niobium pentoxide; a second step of preparing a pre-reaction solution: weighing octadecyltrimethylammonium chloride, thioacetamide, and distilled water, mixing them, stirring them uniformly, adding niobium pentoxide powder, and stirring them again until uniform to obtain a mixed solution A; weighing hafnium oxychloride octahydrate and distilled water, mixing them, stirring them thoroughly to obtain a mixed solution B; mixing the mixed solution B with the mixed solution A to obtain a mixed solution C; a third step of performing a hydrothermal reaction: pouring the mixed solution C into a reactor and heating it for reaction to obtain a product D; and a fourth step of high-temperature sintering to obtain niobium pentoxide / carbon-doped hafnium disulfide. The photocatalyst of the present invention is a composite product of carbon-doped hafnium disulfide and niobium pentoxide. It not only has good catalytic degradation efficiency for organic pollutants in wastewater, but is also not easily deactivated, has excellent reusability, and has a long service life.

The invention discloses a heteroepitaxial niobium pentoxide film and a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of film deposition. The preparation method comprises the following steps: placing a substrate and a target material in a vacuum system, bombarding the target material through pulse laser, and depositing on the surface of the substrate to obtain an initial heteroepitaxial niobium pentoxide film; and carrying out annealing treatment on the initial heteroepitaxial niobium pentoxide film to obtain the heteroepitaxial niobium pentoxide film. A pulsed laser deposition system is used for growing the single-crystal heteroepitaxial niobium pentoxide film, the film deposition speed is high, the repeatability is good, the purity and stoichiometric ratio of the prepared film and a target material can be kept highly consistent, process control can be carried out on the nanoscale, the thickness of the film is adjusted to the nanoscale, and the preparation method is simple and easy to implement. The target material can be reused, growth parameters can be flexibly regulated and controlled, the growth state of the thin film can be monitored in real time, and a high-quality heterogeneous interface structure can be obtained.

This invention discloses a ceramic clay composition, ceramics, and their applications, relating to the field of ceramic technology. The ceramics of this invention are obtained by sequentially processing the ceramic clay composition through a process of material conditioning, sieving, casting, air drying, oven drying, and sintering. The introduction of specific proportions of ceramic waste A and B, modified particles with a gallium-coated cuprous oxide core and an alumina shell, and high-entropy oxide solid solutions generated from the reaction of hafnium dioxide, tantalum pentoxide, niobium pentoxide, titanium dioxide, zirconium dioxide, chromium trioxide, and carbon powder, as well as chromium heptacarbonide, into the ceramic clay composition gives the ceramics prepared from the ceramic waste excellent fracture toughness, flexural strength, wear resistance, high-temperature resistance, and self-healing ability. Therefore, this invention has broad application prospects.

This invention relates to the field of piezoelectric materials and discloses a method for preparing a potassium sodium niobate thin film. The method involves first synthesizing a ceramic target material from niobium pentoxide, potassium carbonate, and sodium carbonate in a solid phase; then placing the ceramic target material in a magnetron sputtering apparatus for sputtering to form an amorphous thin film; finally, adding the amorphous thin film to an annealing atmosphere in a crucible for annealing to form a potassium sodium niobate thin film. This method uses magnetron sputtering to prepare an amorphous potassium sodium niobate thin film under conditions below the film crystallization temperature, followed by annealing to crystallize the film. During annealing, an alkali metal atmosphere is used to compensate and control the alkali metal elements in the film. This method is still based on magnetron sputtering, which is suitable for large-size thin film growth, offering strong process controllability and high production efficiency. The alkali metal atmosphere compensation allows for control of the alkali metal element composition in the potassium sodium niobate.

The application discloses a method for producing lithium manganese oxide as a positive material of lithium battery by dry mixing, which comprises the following steps: step one, uniformly mixing LiMnO4, manganese dioxide, nano niobium pentoxide, nano aluminum oxide, LiOH powder and boron trioxide at room temperature, and grinding to obtain a mixture; step two, stirring and mixing the mixture in step one and polyvinyl alcohol to obtain a powder mixture; step three, preparing an acidic solution by heating H2O and adding a mixture of prepared anhydrous ethanol and concentrated hydrochloric acid, and stirring to obtain the acidic solution; step four, taking part of the acidic solution and adding to the powder mixture in step two to obtain a suspension; step five, adding the remaining acidic solution into the suspension in step four, and heating to react in a sealed environment; after the reaction is completed, cooling the reaction product to obtain a crystal coated with emulsified glue; step six, sintering and screening the crystal in step five; and step seven, removing iron from the screened material to obtain a product.

The invention provides a synthesis method for low-temperature controllable adjustment of stannous niobate oxygen vacancy and application, and relates to the technical field of semiconductors. The synthesis method comprises the following steps: uniformly mixing niobium pentoxide and stannous chloride under an oxygen-free condition to obtain a solid-phase mixture, and carrying out molten salt reaction at 300-600 DEG C without an annealing step, so that the reaction product stannous niobate forms an oxygen vacancy and has a channel for rapid transmission of current carriers; according to the technical scheme, niobium oxide and stannous chloride are mixed in the reducing atmosphere to synthesize the high-crystallinity stannous niobate material with controllable oxygen vacancies at low temperature, the defect that high-performance stannous niobate must be subjected to a high-temperature annealing process is overcome, and meanwhile, by controlling the gas flow rate in the reaction process, the high-crystallinity stannous niobate material with controllable oxygen vacancies can be obtained. The aim of controlling and adjusting the quantity of oxygen vacancies under a relatively mild low-temperature condition to control and synthesize stannous niobate materials with different properties is fulfilled by reaction parameters such as a reactant ratio and the like.

The invention relates to the technical field of inductor preparation, and particularly discloses a preparation method of an integrally-formed inductor with a high frequency response speed. The manufacturing method of the integrally-formed inductor comprises the steps that the winding coil is embedded in the ferrite core material, and then the integrally-formed inductor is formed through compression molding and thermocuring. The ferrite core material is mainly prepared from the following raw materials: wrapping soft magnetic ferrite magnetic powder, a resin adhesive, a curing agent, a silane coupling agent and an organic solvent, the coated soft magnetic ferrite magnetic powder is mainly prepared from the following raw materials: ferric oxide, nickel protoxide, zinc oxide, vanadium pentoxide, titanium dioxide, niobium pentoxide, lanthanum trioxide, water and silicon dioxide sol. The integrally-formed inductor has the advantages of being high in saturation flux density Bs, high in effective magnetic permeability mu e retention rate and low in magnetic loss Pcv, the frequency response speed is increased, and market requirements are met.

The invention relates to the technical field of piezoelectric ceramic materials, and discloses large-strain lead-free piezoelectric textured ceramic as well as a preparation method and application thereof, and the ceramic is prepared from a composition containing needle-like niobium pentoxide, carbonate and a copper-vanadium composite additive. The preparation method comprises the following steps: preparing rheological directional slurry, performing tape casting, and performing step-by-step atmosphere regulation and control sintering. Needle-shaped precursors are directionally arranged through tape casting shearing force, oxygen vacancy defects are induced through a reducing atmosphere so as to accelerate a topological chemical reaction, and then defect repairing and variable valence ion solid solution are carried out in an oxidizing atmosphere. Through an in-situ defect auxiliary reaction mechanism, the problems that a traditional template method is complex in process and delayed in reaction kinetics are solved, cooperation of high texture degree and high density is achieved, the electrostrictive strain performance of the material is remarkably improved through lattice distortion, and the method is suitable for preparing the high-performance piezoelectric actuator.

A solid-state imaging device according to an embodiment includes: a semiconductor substrate including a photoelectric conversion element; a lens disposed above a first light incident surface of the photoelectric conversion element; and a plurality of columnar structures disposed on a surface parallel to the first light incident surface that is located between a second light incident surface of the lens and the first light incident surface of the photoelectric conversion element. The columnar structure includes at least one of silicon, germanium, gallium phosphide, aluminum oxide, cerium oxide, hafnium oxide, indium oxide, tin oxide, niobium pentoxide, magnesium oxide, tantalum pentoxide, titanium pentoxide, titanium oxide, tungsten oxide, yttrium oxide, zinc oxide, zirconia, cerium fluoride, gadolinium fluoride, lanthanum fluoride, and neodymium fluoride.

The invention discloses a methane catalytic combustion catalyst and a preparation method and application thereof in the technical field of environmental catalysis and energy chemical industry. The catalyst comprises a Pd active component, a gamma-Al2O3 carrier, a copper-titanium-oxygen cluster compound and an iron-niobium-oxygen polyhedron. The copper-titanium-oxygen cluster compound is prepared by mixing copper sulfate pentahydrate, titanium tetraisopropylate and the like for hydrothermal reaction, and the iron-niobium-oxygen polyhedron is obtained by reduction treatment after solvothermal reaction of ferric nitrate nonahydrate, niobium pentoxide and the like. When the catalyst is prepared, after the gamma-Al2O3 carrier is pretreated, the gamma-Al2O3 carrier, Pd salt and two modified compounds are subjected to ultrasonic dispersion, impregnation, drying and calcination. According to the catalyst, oxygen vacancy and lattice oxygen migration are synergistically regulated through two brand new modified compounds, and the methane catalytic combustion activity is remarkably improved. The method is suitable for purification treatment of coal mine gas, natural gas leakage tail gas and other scenes, can effectively reduce carbon emission, and has important environmental protection and energy utilization values.

The invention belongs to the field of hydrogen storage materials, and provides a hydride hydrogen storage material and a preparation method thereof. According to the preparation method, a block material is prepared through discharge plasma sintering forming by adopting a multi-level collaborative design of a reactive composite hydride phase formed by magnesium hydride and lithium borohydride, an ordered mesoporous carbon and hexagonal boron nitride composite carrier structure, an atomic layer deposition oxide coating layer, a niobium pentoxide and titanium hydride catalyst and a heat-conducting outer coating; the comprehensive performance that the reversible hydrogen storage mass fraction is 5.5-7.0 wt%, the capacity retention ratio after 50 times of circulation is larger than or equal to 90%, and the temperature gradient in the block is smaller than or equal to 10 DEG C / cm is achieved, and the multiple contradictions between the high hydrogen storage capacity and the block mechanical strength, between the oxide coating layer stability and the hydrogen diffusion rate and between the heat conduction uniformity and the structural integrity are solved. The method has a wide application value in a solid hydrogen storage system.

The application discloses a hetero-epitaxial niobium pentoxide thin film and a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of thin film deposition. The preparation method comprises the following steps: placing a substrate and target material in a vacuum system, bombarding the target material through a pulse laser, and depositing an initial hetero-epitaxial niobium pentoxide thin film on the surface of the substrate; and performing annealing treatment on the initial hetero-epitaxial niobium pentoxide thin film to obtain the hetero-epitaxial niobium pentoxide thin film. The hetero-epitaxial niobium pentoxide thin film is grown by using a pulse laser deposition system, the deposition rate of the thin film is high, the repeatability is good, the prepared thin film can keep a high consistency in purity and a stoichiometric ratio with the target material, the process control can be performed on a nanometer scale, the thickness of the thin film can be adjusted to a nanometer level, the preparation method is simple, the target material can be reused, the growth parameters can be flexibly regulated, the growth state of the thin film can be monitored in real time, and a high-quality hetero-interface structure is obtained.

This invention discloses a composite electrode material and its preparation method, belonging to the field of functional materials technology. The composite electrode material is composed of metal oxides, alkaline phenolic resin, phytic acid, monolayer graphene oxide, coupling agent KH5500, alkaline silica sol, and niobium ammonium oxalate. A continuous carbon network carbonized from phenolic resin serves as the substrate, monolayer graphene oxide as the conductive framework, and niobium pentoxide from the pyrolysis of niobium ammonium oxalate as the interfacial conductive bridging structure. These three components crosslink to form a three-dimensional conductive network. The preparation method includes KH550-modified graphene oxide, construction of the phytic acid composite system, ball milling of the main slurry, low-temperature introduction of phenolic resin for molding, and curing and sintering. This invention possesses high conductivity, high heat resistance, corrosion resistance, and high mechanical strength. The three-dimensional conductive network effectively reduces internal resistance and exhibits excellent cycle stability, making it widely applicable to supercapacitors and lithium-ion batteries. It solves the problems of poor heat resistance, weak interfacial bonding, and easy corrosion of traditional electrode materials.

The present invention relates to an application of niobium pentoxide for the electrocatalytic selective oxidation of alcohol, specifically comprising loading a niobium pentoxide catalyst on a nickel foam substrate to provide a working electrode, dissolving an alcohol as a reaction substrate in a neutral or alkaline aqueous solution as an electrolyte, and selectively oxidizing the alcohol to generate an acid using the niobium pentoxide catalyst in a three-electrode electrolytic cell system, wherein the surface of the niobium pentoxide catalyst has a short Nb-O bond as an active site. According to the application of niobium pentoxide of the present invention, acid is produced by highly selective electrocatalytic oxidation of alcohol by the niobium pentoxide catalyst, with the advantages of low starting potential and high current density. In particular, the present invention clearly defines short Nb-O bonds as active sites, which, when used in selective electrocatalytic oxidation reactions, are conducive to the selective oxidation of alcohol to high-value-added acid, have excellent conversion rate and selectivity, and greatly reduce the production cost and electrolysis energy consumption of electrocatalytic acid production.

The invention belongs to the technical field of ceramic sand preparation, and particularly relates to ceramic polishing sand and a preparation method thereof. The ceramic polishing sand is prepared from the following raw materials: zirconium oxide, white corundum, flint clay, lithium tetraborate, niobium pentoxide, strontium zirconate, cerium hexaboride, nano magnesium oxide, a binder and a dispersant. According to the ceramic polishing sand, zirconium oxide serves as a main crystalline phase, basic hardness and abrasion resistance are provided for the ceramic polishing sand, and the hardness and cutting performance of the ceramic polishing sand are further enhanced through white corundum; a mixture of flint clay, lithium tetraborate, niobium pentoxide, strontium zirconate, cerium hexaboride and nano magnesium oxide is used as a ceramic modifier, so that the compactness and mechanical strength of the ceramic polishing sand are improved and the sintering temperature is reduced in the sintering process. In addition, the binder and the dispersant are added, and the raw materials have a synergistic effect, so that the prepared ceramic polishing sand has excellent fracture toughness, single-particle compressive strength and Vickers hardness.

The present invention provides improved optical properties while suppressing cracking. Glass (10) has an internal transmittance of 85% or more with respect to light having a wavelength of 450 nm and in terms of a thickness of 10 mm, has a d-line refractive index nd of 2.050 or more, and contains at least one of TiO2 and Li2O on an oxide basis. In terms of mol% on an oxide basis, the glass contains Bi2O3 at 20.0% to 40.0%; SiO2 at 0% to 5.0%; Al2O3 at 0% to 5.0%; B2O3 at 15.0% to 35.0%; P2O5 at more than 0% but no more than 20.0%; Nb2O5 at 0% to 12.0%; TeO2 at 1.0% to 30.0%; ZnO at 0% to 20.0%; ZrO2 at 0% to 10.0%; TiO2 at 0% to 20.0%; WO3 at 0% to 7.5%' RO at 0% to 7.0%; and R'2O at 0% to 10.0%. The parameter (A) represented by formula (1) is 0.95 or more.