1058 results about "Titanium oxide" patented technology

The invention relates to the technical field of thermal insulation materials, in particular to an aerogel felt and a preparation method thereof.The aerogel felt is composed of a composite fiber base material and multi-component aerogel loaded in the composite fiber base material, the composite fiber base material comprises 65%-75% of alkali-free glass fibers, 15%-20% of modified polyimide fibers, 4%-6% of nanoscale carbon fibers and 8%-12% of basalt fibers, and the multi-component aerogel is loaded in the composite fiber base material. According to the multi-component aerogel, 78%-82% of tetraethoxysilane, 12%-14% of methyltrimethoxysilane, 4%-6% of dimethyldimethoxysilane and 2%-4% of vinyltrimethoxysilane serve as precursors, 1.5%-2.5% of aluminum oxide, 0.8%-1.5% of titanium oxide nanoparticles and 3%-4% of zinc borate are added, a multi-stage reinforced structure is formed, the mechanical property and flexibility of the aerogel felt are remarkably improved, the tensile strength reaches 400 kPa or above, and the tensile strength reaches 400 kPa or above. The flexibility is excellent.

The invention discloses a high-aluminum wear-resistant ceramic grinding ball and a preparation method thereof. The grinding ball comprises the following raw materials in percentage by weight: 85%-95% of aluminum oxide, 2%-10% of silicon dioxide, 1%-3% of calcium carbonate, 0.2%-0.5% of magnesium carbonate, 0.03%-0.05% of titanium dioxide, 0.01%-0.03% of sodium oxide and 1%-5% of modified zirconium dioxide. The preparation method of the modified zirconium dioxide comprises the following steps: adding hydrogen peroxide into a mixed solution of soluble cerium salt and soluble zirconium salt to obtain a reaction system; adding the reaction system into an alkaline solution for reaction, and collecting an insoluble substance after the reaction is finished; and calcining the insoluble substance to obtain the modified zirconium dioxide. The ceramic ball is simple in formula, rich in raw materials, low in price and low in production cost, the operation stability of the ceramic ball is improved, and the service life is prolonged.

The application provides a coated layered oxide sodium ion battery positive electrode material with excellent cycle stability, the positive electrode material is coated with nano-aluminum oxide and nano-titanium oxide on the surface of Na 0.66 Ni 0.23 Cu 0.1 Mn 0.67 O2 material. The positive electrode material provided by the application exhibits excellent long cycle stability and has a wide commercial development prospect.

The invention discloses a preparation method of high-purity titanium dioxide, which is characterized by comprising the following steps: (1) preparing a titanium solution: slowly adding a titanium tetrachloride solution into deionized water to obtain the titanium solution; (2) heat-preservation hydrolysis: adding an acidic dispersant into the titanium liquid obtained in the step (1), stirring and mixing uniformly at room temperature, heating to 80-85 DEG C, preserving heat, and carrying out hydrolysis reaction for 1-2 hours to obtain hydrolysis slurry; (3) obtaining a precursor: cooling, aging, filtering, washing and drying the hydrolyzed slurry obtained in the step (2) to obtain a metatitanic acid precursor; and (4) calcining: calcining the metatitanic acid precursor obtained in the step (3) at 400 DEG C to obtain the high-purity titanium dioxide. According to the preparation method of the high-purity titanium dioxide, provided by the invention, the high-purity (greater than or equal to 99.9%) titanium dioxide is prepared under mild process conditions of low-temperature hydrolysis and low-temperature calcination, the product yield reaches about 90%, and the obtained high-purity titanium dioxide is spherical titanium dioxide with a rutile structure and has good dispersity.

A method of remediating wastewater is provided, the method comprising substantially submersing an electrocatalytic reactor in wastewater, the electrocatalytic reactor including an anode, which is mesh and defines a first bore, a filter layer, which is porous glass, carbon fiber or poly-paraphenylene terephthalamide, the filter layer including fibers and interstitial spaces between the fibers, an iron-doped titanium dioxide film on the fibers, the film including a surface that is substantially iron oxide free, the filter layer housed within the first bore and defining a second bore, a cathode, which is housed within the second bore, is mesh and defines an inner bore, and a perforated air tube housed within the inner bore; and providing at least a voltage of at least about 3 volts to the electrocatalytic reactor, in the absence of a light source, thereby remediating wastewater.

The invention discloses a multifunctional aerogel composite coating, which is prepared from the following components: hydrophobic modified silica aerogel, nano hollow carbon spheres, a microcapsule phase change material, organic silicon modified acrylic emulsion, acrylic acid modified polyurethane emulsion, cerium-doped zinc oxide, P25 titanium dioxide, reduced graphene oxide and the like. The heat conductivity coefficient is 0.022 to 0.032 W / (m.K); the temperature is actively adjusted through the microcapsule phase change material, and the anti-condensation temperature difference is 9-18 DEG C; through synergistic photocatalysis of cerium-doped zinc oxide and P25, the visible light degradation rate is 85%-98%; through the cooperation of the organic silicon / polyurethane interpenetrating network resin and the graphene, the salt fog resistance of 1650-2100 hours is realized; the VOC content is 2.8-4.0 g / L, and the paint is suitable for the fields of industrial pipelines, storage tanks, building exterior walls and the like.

The invention relates to the technical field of catalysts, in particular to a composite catalyst for nitrous oxide decomposition and a preparation method thereof.The composite catalyst is of a three-dimensional flower-shaped structure and comprises a composite carrier and active metal loaded on the composite carrier; the composite carrier is composed of a modification additive and a carrier oxide; the performance additive is composed of alkali metal oxide and rare earth metal oxide; the carrier oxide is selected from one of aluminum oxide, titanium dioxide and silicon dioxide; the active metal comprises cobalt oxide and vanadium oxide. The multi-metal catalyst has the advantages that the multi-metal catalyst with a three-dimensional flower-shaped structure is formed by loading cobalt and vanadium active metals on aluminum oxide and under the synergistic effect of alkali metal and rare earth metal, so that the stability and durability of the catalyst in a high-temperature environment are remarkably improved.

The invention relates to the technical field of batteries, in particular to a negative plate and a lithium ion secondary battery comprising the negative plate. The negative plate comprises a negative coating, and the negative coating comprises a negative active layer and a surface coating; the surface coating comprises lithium lanthanum titanium oxide; the negative electrode active layer comprises a silicon-carbon material, and the sphericity degree S of the silicon-carbon material is more than or equal to 0.3 and less than or equal to 0.8; the mass content C1 of the Si element in the negative electrode coating is 8-70%; the molar ratio of Ti to La in the negative electrode coating is 1.6-2; the surface coating is at least partially embedded into the negative electrode active layer, and Ti and / or La are at least partially located on the surface of the silicon carbon material; and the embedding depth d1 of the surface coating layer is 1-8 [mu] m. By improving the negative plate, the K value deterioration phenomenon can be remarkably improved, and meanwhile, the safety performance of the battery is improved; the battery provided by the invention has excellent fast charging performance and low-temperature performance.

The invention relates to the technical field of optoelectronic devices, and discloses a monolithic integrated full Stokes polarization detector and a preparation method thereof. The full Stokes polarization detector comprises a plurality of PIN photodiodes, a transparent conductive layer formed on the PIN photodiodes, a titanium oxide metasurface structure formed on the transparent conductive layer, a top electrode formed on the transparent conductive layer and a bottom electrode formed at the bottom of the PIN photodiodes. The titanium oxide metasurface structure comprises six metasurface pixels, and the six metasurface pixels are in one-to-one correspondence with the PIN photodiodes. According to the invention, the characteristic of high refractive index of titanium oxide from visible light to near-infrared band is utilized, and six titanium oxide metasurface units are designed and are integrated with the silicon-based PIN photodiode monolithic, so that full Stokes parameter detection of incident light in any polarization state is realized.

A thermosetting composition for injection molding comprising: (A) a compound represented by the following formula (A2) or (A3), and (B) a thermal polymerization initiator; wherein the composition further comprises no (G) titanium oxide or comprises (G) titanium oxide, when the composition comprises the component (G), the content of the component (G) is 5 parts by mass or less, based on a total of 100 parts by mass of components other than the component (B) and the component (C); and the composition comprises no polybutadiene di(meth)acrylate:

The invention discloses a water treatment filtering material and a preparation method thereof, and relates to the technical field of water treatment. When the water treatment filtering material is prepared, alkaline lignin, epichlorohydrin and triethylenetetramine are subjected to a reaction through a reverse suspension cross-linking technology, and lignin porous microspheres are prepared; carrying out reaction on the lignin porous microspheres and picolinamide ligands to obtain modified lignin porous microspheres; 3-mercaptopropyltriethoxysilane and titanium dioxide are subjected to a reaction, and modified titanium dioxide is prepared; the preparation method comprises the following steps: reacting pyromellitic dianhydride, 1, 4-diaminobutylene and 4 ', 4-diaminodiphenyl ether to prepare functionalized polyamide; the functional polyamide, the modified lignin porous microspheres and the modified titanium dioxide are prepared into a spinning solution, and a polyamide membrane is prepared through electrostatic spinning; and carrying out liquid reaction on bromohexane on the polyamide membrane to obtain the water treatment filtering material. The prepared water treatment filtering material has excellent antibacterial property, heavy metal adsorption property, dye removal property and mechanical property.

The invention relates to the technical field of nanofiber membrane materials, in particular to a heat-insulation and warm-keeping nanofiber membrane material and a preparation method thereof.A mixed solution of tetraethoxysilane hydrolysate and a polyvinyl alcohol aqueous solution serves as a precursor of electrostatic spinning, modified titanium dioxide hollow microspheres are added in the preparation process, and the nanofiber membrane material is prepared; a near-vacuum environment is formed in the titanium dioxide hollow microspheres, heat is conducted by inhibiting collision of gas molecules, so that radiation heat transfer is blocked, the prepared nanofiber membrane material has a good heat preservation and heat insulation effect, a silane coupling agent forms hybrid bonds on the surfaces of the microspheres and is combined with polyvinyl alcohol molecular chains through chemical bonds, and the heat preservation and heat insulation effects are improved. The interface adhesion force is obviously improved, so that the hollow microspheres are prevented from collapsing during mechanical friction or bending; secondly, different types of quaternary ammonium salt antibacterial agents are compounded, the synergistic sterilization effect can be achieved, four quaternary ammonium salts are synergistic through different action targets, and the problem that a single antibacterial agent is prone to generating drug resistance can be solved.

The invention belongs to the technical field of photovoltaic packaging materials, and provides a light anti-reflection packaging adhesive film and a preparation method and application thereof. The light anti-reflection packaging adhesive film is prepared from 100 parts of matrix resin, 1 to 15 parts of light anti-reflection master batch, 0.4 to 1.5 parts of cross-linking agent, 0.8 to 3.0 parts of assistant cross-linking agent and 0.3 to 1.0 part of silane coupling agent, the light anti-reflection master batch comprises 100 parts of matrix resin, 0.5-10 parts of an anti-reflection nano material and 0.5-10 parts of a surfactant; the matrix resin is at least one of EVA (ethylene vinyl acetate) resin, POE (polyolefin elastomer) resin and PVB (polyvinyl butyral) resin; the anti-reflection nanometer material is a porous nanometer material, the porosity is 20-70%, the aperture is 2-35 nm, and the anti-reflection nanometer material is selected from one or more of porous nanometer silicon dioxide, porous silicon dioxide loaded zinc oxide, zinc sulfide, zinc oxide, titanium dioxide, zirconium oxide, aluminum oxide and organic silicon resin microspheres. According to the light anti-reflection packaging adhesive film, the light transmittance and the assembly efficiency can be further improved.

The invention relates to the technical field of cylinder covers of vehicle engines, and provides a coating system and a coating for a cylinder cover metal mold. The coating formed on the inner surface of the cylinder cover metal mold based on the coating system has the advantages that the service life of the mold coating is prolonged, and casting defects can be reduced. The coating system comprises a first material liquid and a second material liquid; the first material liquid comprises a first coating and a first solvent for dilution, and the first coating comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 20-30% of silicon dioxide powder, 10-20% of aluminum oxide powder, 1-7% of magnesium oxide powder, 35-45% of a binder, 2-8% of titanium oxide powder and 5-25% of water; the second material liquid comprises a second coating and a second solvent for dilution; the second coating comprises the following components in percentage by mass: 20-30% of silicon dioxide powder, 10-20% of aluminum oxide powder, 1-7% of magnesium oxide powder, 35-45% of a binder, 2-8% of titanium oxide powder and 5-25% of water; the dilution multiple of the first coating is greater than that of the second coating.

This battery (1000) is provided with a first electrode layer (100), a second electrode layer (200), and an electrolyte layer (300). The battery (1000) satisfies at least one configuration selected from the group consisting of the following (I) and (II). (I) At least one selected from the first electrode layer (100), the second electrode layer (200), and the electrolyte layer (300) contains at least one titanium-containing material selected from the group consisting of halogenated titanium oxide and titanium oxide. (II) The battery (1000) is further provided with a side surface layer, which is disposed on the side surface of at least one of the first electrode layer (100), the second electrode layer (200), and the electrolyte layer (300), and which contains at least one titanium-containing material selected from the group consisting of halogenated titanium oxide and titanium oxide.

The invention provides a low-loss high-dielectric constant polyphenyl ether composite material and a preparation method thereof. The polyphenyl ether composite material comprises the following components in parts by weight: 15-40 parts of polyphenyl ether, 5-20 parts of polystyrene, 2-10 parts of a compatilizer, 2-10 parts of a flexibilizer, 0.5-1 part of an antioxidant, 1-3 parts of a lubricant and 20-62 parts of a dielectric modifier, the dielectric modifier is needle-shaped titanium dioxide subjected to surface modification treatment, the dielectric constant of the composite material is close to 20 and the dielectric loss can be as low as 0.002 under the high frequency of 1.1 GHz under the same action of all the components, and the comprehensive dielectric property is remarkably superior to that of an existing product; meanwhile, the prepared composite material also keeps excellent mechanical properties and heat resistance, and the stability of the dielectric constant of the material in a humid environment is also improved.

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) forms the basis of devices for applications including sensing devices, solar cells, photo-electrochromics, and photocatalysis. Such devices exploit different phases of TiO2 within such devices and accordingly it would be beneficial to have an amorphous TiO2 precursor which allows crystalline phase spatial patterning, for the crystallization of the amorphous TiO2 precursor to be triggered at low energies, and with the crystalline phase controllable at room-temperature without necessitating complex handling whilst providing TiO2 phases that are stable over a prolonged period of time. Accordingly, there are provided processes for providing a TiO2 precursor and controlling the conversion of the TiO2 precursor from amorphous-to-anatase, amorphous-to-rutile, amorphous-to-mixture of anatase / rutile or from amorphous-to-anatase-to-rutile in a simple and efficient manner.

The present invention provides a chemical mechanical polishing composition comprising: (a) a titanium oxide abrasive; (b) an oxidizing agent; and (c) water, wherein the chemical mechanical polishing composition has a pH of about 7 or less. The invention also provides a method for chemical mechanical polishing of a substrate, in particular a substrate comprising a boron-doped polycrystalline silicon layer on a surface of the substrate, using the composition.

A method for decorating an external part (10) for horology, jewellery or fashion accessories, including the steps of: forming a first interference (110) layer of titanium oxide over the entire decorative face (101) of a titanium substrate (100) by anodising the decorative face (101) at a voltage V1; machining a portion of the first interference layer (110) so as to form at least one opening (111) leading to a portion of the decorative face (101); and forming a second interference layer (120) of titanium oxide by anodising the portion at a voltage V2 lower than voltage V1.

The invention belongs to the technical field of polymeric membrane composite glass, and discloses a preparation method and application of polymeric membrane composite glass, the polymeric membrane composite glass comprises a first glass layer, a second glass layer and an EVA composite membrane located between the two glass layers, the EVA composite membrane contains nano metal oxide particles, and the nano metal oxide particles contain nano metal oxide particles. The nano metal oxide particles comprise cerium oxide, tungsten oxide, titanium oxide and yttrium oxide. The middle layer of the EVA composite film of the polymeric film composite glass additionally comprises nano metal oxide particles, tungsten oxide absorbs near-infrared heat radiation, titanium oxide reflects infrared light, cerium oxide and yttrium oxide can absorb ultraviolet light, and the heat insulation performance is excellent; according to the present invention, with the nano-metal oxide particles, the tungsten oxide, the tin oxide and other nano-oxide particles, the elastic modulus, the density and the viscosity of the EVA are increased, the sound wave conduction path is effectively blocked, the sound insulation and noise reduction performance is excellent, the nano-metal oxide particles can improve the interface bonding strength of the EVA composite film and the glass layer, and the safety performance is high.

The invention discloses a preparation method of a three-dimensional titanium dioxide micro-nano structure, which belongs to the technical field of micro-nano structure preparation, and comprises the following steps: evaporating a titanium dioxide film on a clean glass substrate; spin-coating positive photoresist on the titanium dioxide thin film; carrying out electron beam exposure on the photoresist, customizing a pattern, and carrying out developing and fixing treatment on the photoresist; evaporating a chromium (Cr) film on the developed and fixed sample; stripping the residual photoresist, and obtaining a patterned chromium hard mask on the titanium dioxide thin film; performing reactive ion beam etching on the titanium dioxide film; and removing the chromium hard mask from the etched sample to obtain the three-dimensional titanium dioxide nano-column array micro-nano structure. The titanium dioxide micro-nano structure prepared by the method has high degree of freedom, and regular regulation and control of nano structure unit parameters can be realized by changing reactive ion beam etching process parameters.

Provided is a curable composition capable of forming a cured film having a high refractive index and good heat resistance. The present invention provides a curable composition containing titanium oxide particles and a polymerizable compound. The polymerizable compound is a compound having one or two ethylenically unsaturated bonds. The polymerizable compound has a molecular weight or a weight-average molecular weight of 3000 or less. The total content of the titanium oxide particles and the polymerizable compound is 85 mass% or more based on the total solid content of the curable composition.

The application provides a tantalum-based alloy and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method of the tantalum-based alloy comprises the following steps: sequentially laying a first mixed material, a second mixed material and magnesium chips in a reaction crucible in a top-down direction, igniting the reaction crucible to generate an aluminothermic reduction reaction, and then sequentially performing a temperature reduction treatment and a surface finishing treatment to obtain the tantalum-based alloy. The first mixed material comprises aluminum particles, tantalum pentoxide, titanium oxide, potassium chlorate and aluminum fluoride. The second mixed material comprises aluminum particles, tantalum pentoxide, titanium oxide, potassium chlorate, aluminum fluoride and calcium fluoride. By adopting double dosing and covering the magnesium chips with the upper material, the application improves the ignition efficiency, significantly improves the material loss caused by the slow ignition speed and insufficient ignition of the material in the traditional off-oven method, and introduces a titanium source to form an AlTaTi compound, thereby significantly enhancing the alloy uniformity.

The invention relates to the technical field of glass ceramics, in particular to a silicon dioxide-containing glass ceramic wafer substrate and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method comprises the following steps: weighing aluminum oxide, hydroxyethyl urea, chromium dioxide, lithium oxide, magnesium oxide, titanium dioxide, a clarifying agent, a toughening agent and silicon dioxide; preparing an aqueous solution from hydroxyethyl urea, and putting the powder, a clarifying agent, a toughening agent and the aqueous solution into a ball milling tank to obtain slurry; carrying out vacuum defoaming, tape casting, drying, glue removal heat treatment, glass melting, rolling and annealing treatment to obtain a glass plate; and polishing, ultrasonically cleaning and drying the glass plate to obtain the wafer substrate. According to the preparation method, hydroxyethyl urea and chromium dioxide are combined under a specific controlled heat treatment system, so that the functions of a conventional dispersing agent are exceeded, a unique toughening phase existing in a grain boundary is generated through in-situ reaction, uniform formation of a superfine nanocrystalline structure is realized synergistically, and thus the fracture toughness and the surface flatness of the material are synchronously and remarkably improved.

The invention relates to the field of catalysts. The invention relates to a catalyst for catalytic oxidation of carbon monoxide in industrial sulfur-containing flue gas. A carrier is a cordierite honeycomb ceramic carrier coated with activated aluminum oxide (Al2O3), silicon oxide (SiO2) or titanium oxide (TiO2), or a honeycomb carrier with titanium oxide as a skeleton; the noble metal active component is selected from one or a combination of more of palladium (Pd), platinum (Pt) and rhodium (Rh), the total loading capacity accounts for 0.05-0.4 wt% of the mass of the carrier, and the noble metal component is loaded on the surface layer of the carrier at the depth of 10-300 microns and is of an eggshell type distribution structure; the cocatalyst component is selected from one or a combination of more of vanadium oxide (VO), tungsten oxide (WO), cerium oxide (CeO), molybdenum oxide (MoO) and lanthanum oxide (La2O3) and is uniformly distributed on the carrier. Unification of activity, stability and economical efficiency of the catalyst is achieved, the problems that a catalytic oxidation catalyst is prone to inactivation, low in activity and high in cost in complex sulfur-containing flue gas are solved, and the industrial application value is remarkable.

The invention discloses a titanium dioxide nanorod / dissimilar metal MOFs heterojunction material and a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of photoelectrochemistry seawater hydrogen production. Soluble nickel salt, soluble cadmium salt or soluble cobalt salt and ammonium molybdate are adopted as metal sources, spherical dissimilar metal MOFs grow on the surface of a TiO2 nanorod in situ, and the TiO2 nanorod / dissimilar metal MOFs heterojunction material is prepared. According to the present invention, the oxygen deficiency-regulated dissimilar metal MOFs material (i.e., the titanium dioxide nanorod / dissimilar metal MOFs heterojunction material) is obtained through subsequent acid etching and annealing treatment, the material is subjected to in-situ reconstruction during the OER process to spontaneously form the active hydroxide (NiOOH) of anion protection (MoO4 < 2->), and the excellent stability is represented; only small Faraday efficiency loss (1.2-2.3%) occurs in a high chloride ion environment (3.5 wt%-7wt% of NaCl), and an extensible path is provided for industrial-scale solar hydrogen production by using seawater.

The invention discloses phosphorus-doped titanium dioxide modified chitosan hydrogel electrolyte as well as a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of hydrogel electrolyte. Comprising a phosphorus-doped titanium dioxide modified chitosan network and graphene quantum dot modified lignin fibers, the phosphorus-doped titanium dioxide modified chitosan network forms a three-dimensional chemical cross-linked network through epoxy chloropropane cross-linking, and the graphene quantum dot modified lignin fibers are dispersed in the chemical cross-linked network and serve as physical cross-linked points, so that a chemical-physical double-cross-linked network structure is jointly formed, and the basic ions are loaded in the chemical-physical double-cross-linked network structure. Through the design, the problems that a traditional hydrogel electrolyte is low in mechanical strength and insufficient in ionic conductivity are solved, and the hydrogel has high mechanical strength, excellent low-temperature freezing resistance and high ionic conductivity and is suitable for a battery electrolyte in a low-temperature environment.

The application discloses a preparation method of a mesoporous silicon-based composite material with phosphotungstic acid and titanium oxide simultaneously supported, and belongs to the technical field of catalytic material preparation. The method aims to solve the problems of easy aggregation of active components, easy damage of channel order and complex preparation process in the prior art. The method is characterized by the following steps: through a one-step hydrothermal synthesis strategy, a triblock copolymer is used as a structure directing agent, an alcohol solution of a titanium source precursor, a silicon source precursor and a Keggin type phosphotungstic acid is simultaneously added in an acid system, and then the mesoporous silicon-based composite material is prepared through hydrothermal crystallization, washing, drying and calcination. The method is simple in process and controllable in operation, and the obtained material has the following advantages: two-dimensional hexagonal ordered mesoporous structure, large specific surface area, high dispersion of titanium and phosphotungstic acid, intact Keggin structure, good double-acid-site synergistic catalytic effect, and suitability for acid catalytic reactions, especially in the field of biomass conversion.

This invention relates to the field of pesticide technology, specifically to a fungicidal composition, its preparation method, and its uses. The invention provides a fungicidal composition comprising an active ingredient, a first functional component, a second functional component, and an adjuvant; the active ingredient comprises fluthiazopyrone and cyazofamid; the first functional component comprises at least one selected from silica, titanium dioxide, and zinc oxide; the second functional component comprises at least one selected from citric acid, acetic acid, benzoic acid, urea, and triethanolamine. By introducing specific first and second functional components, this invention synergistically works with the active ingredient, effectively overcoming the key defects of fluthiazopyrone's easy photodegradation and cyazofamid's easy hydrolysis, thus improving the stability of the compound formulation; while ensuring the excellent control efficacy and resistance management advantages of both against oomycete diseases such as grape downy mildew, it extends the duration of action and weather resistance of the agent, providing a more stable, efficient, and long-lasting solution for field application.

This disclosure relates to a lens assembly. The lens assembly includes a lens barrel, a plurality of lenses disposed along an optical axis within the lens barrel, and spacers disposed between the plurality of lenses. The spacers include a plurality of grains and a plurality of pores. The plurality of grains include at least one selected from alumina (Al₂O₃), titanium dioxide (TiO₂), silicon dioxide (SiO₂), and zirconium oxide (ZrO₂).