16412 results about "Carbonate" patented technology

A method is disclosed for the recovery of an organic acid from a dilute salt solution in which the cation of the salt forms an insoluble carbonate salt. An amine and CO₂ are introduced to the solution to form the insoluble carbonate salt and a complex between the acid and the amine. The acid/amine complex is thermally dissociated, or “cracked”, in the presence of a water immiscible solvent in which the amine is selectively soluble and in which the acid is not appreciably soluble. The organic acid may then be recovered from the water by any suitable means such as distillation, reactive distillation, extraction, or reactive extraction.

A method and apparatus to extract and sequester carbon dioxide (CO₂) from a stream or volume of gas wherein said method and apparatus hydrates CO₂, and reacts the resulting carbonic acid with carbonate. Suitable carbonates include, but are not limited to, carbonates of alkali metals and alkaline earth metals, preferably carbonates of calcium and magnesium. Waste products are metal cations and bicarbonate in solution or dehydrated metal salts, which when disposed of in a large body of water provide an effective way of sequestering CO₂ from a gaseous environment.

A method of making sodium zirconium carbonate is described which involves forming a mixture of zirconium oxychloride with soda ash and then heating at a sufficient temperature and for a sufficient time to form the sodium zirconium carbonate. Subsequent washing and filtration steps can further form parts of this process. A novel sodium zirconium carbonate is further described which contains from about 2 wt % to about 5 wt % Na<+>; from about 44 wt % to about 50 wt % ZrO2; from about 12 wt % to about 18 wt % CO3<2->; and from about 32 wt % to about 35 wt % H2O.

The dimensionally stable alkaline solid block warewashing detergent uses an E-form binder forming a solid comprising a sodium carbonate source of alkalinity, a sequestrant, a surfactant package and other optional material. The solid block is dimensionally stable and highly effective in removing soil from the surfaces of dishware in the institutional and industrial environment. The E-form hydrate comprises an organic phosphonate and a hydrated carbonate.

The dimensionally stable alkaline solid block warewashing detergent uses an E-form binder forming a solid comprising a sodium carbonate source of alkalinity, a metal corrosion protecting alkali metal silicate composition, a sequestrant, a surfactant package and other optional material. The solid block is dimensionally stable and highly effective in removing soil from the surfaces of dishware in the institutional and industrial environment. The E-form hydrate comprises an organic phosphonate and a hydrated carbonate.

The invention concerns a pigment, filler or mineral containing a natural calcium carbonate, treated with one of more providers of H3O<+> ions and gaseous CO2, allowing a reduction in the weight of paper for a constant surface area without loss of physical properties when it is used as a pigment or coating filler for the said paper. In particular, the invention concerns a pigment, filler or mineral containing a natural calcium carbonate or dolomite or mixtures of talc and calcium carbonate, of kaolin and carbonate or carbonate alone or in combination with natural and/or synthetic fibers or similar, treated with one or more medium-strong or strong providers of H3O<+> ions in the presence of gaseous CO2. Applications are particularly in the paper industry, obtaining in particular good sheet properties i.e. a reduction its weight for a given surface area.

Apparatuses and methods for removing carbon dioxide and other pollutants from a gas stream are provided. The methods include obtaining hydroxide in an aqueous mixture, and mixing the hydroxide with the gas stream to produce carbonate and/or bicarbonate. Some of the apparatuses of the present invention comprise an electrolysis chamber for providing hydroxide and mixing equipment for mixing the hydroxide with a gas stream including carbon dioxide to form an admixture including carbonate and/or bicarbonate.

The invention provides a method for preparing lithium cobaltate by directly using an invalid lithium ion battery. The method comprises the following steps: crushing the invalid lithium ion battery or scraps generated when a lithium cobaltate battery is produced by a mechanical crusher at normal temperature; adding water and one or more of acetic acid, sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid or nitric acid to produce mixed aqueous solution of the battery scraps and acid; filling the mixed aqueous solution into a hermetic pressure reactor, and controlling the temperature in the reactor to be between 50 and 150 DEG C; introducing or adding one leaching additive of sulfur dioxide or hydrogen, or adding hydrazine hydrate; stirring and leaching, cooling, and filtering; adding one precipitator of sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate and ammonium carbonate, or adding composite precipitator consisting of one of the sodium carbonate, the potassium carbonate and the ammonium carbonate and one of sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide to obtain mixture of lithium carbonate, cobalt carbonate and cobalt hydroxide; drying and calcining at high temperature to produce a lithium cobaltate product. The method is particularly suitable for the treatment scale of medium-sized and small enterprises, and is an effective method for directly materializing cobalt secondary resources.

Salen complexes were found to be excellent catalysts for the reaction of terminal epoxides with CO₂ when used in conjunction with a Lewis base cocatalyst (DMAP). This catalyst system cleanly affords the product cyclic carbonates in high yield under mild reaction conditions and is applicable to a variety of terminal epoxides.

There is provided a process for the capture and sequestration of carbon dioxide that would otherwise enter the atmosphere and contribute to global warming and other problems. CO₂ capture is accomplished by reacting carbon dioxide in flue gas with an alkali metal carbonate, or a metal oxide, particularly containing an alkaline earth metal or iron, to form a carbonate salt. A preferred carbonate for CO₂ capture is a dilute aqueous solution of additive-free (Na₂CO₃). Other carbonates include (K₂CO₃) or other metal ion that can produce both a carbonate and a bicarbonate salt. Examples of suitable metal oxides include several alkaline earths including CaO and MgO. The captured CO₂ is preferably sequestered using any available mineral or industrial waste that contains calcium magnesium or iron in non-carbonate forms, or iron in the Fe⁺² oxidation state.

A dry powdered flowable cement composition contains calcium carbonate and a partially decarbonated magnesium carbonate. A slurry of the composition will set hard with various organic fillers including waste products and toxic waste. The composition can be slurried with contaminated water such as sea water, mineral laden ground water and muddy water. A high percentage of filler can be added while still having an acceptable set.

This invention relates to preparation method gas phase siliconizing technique preparing high compact fiber reinforcement SiC group composite material. Protection layer interface is formed on fiber surface through gas phase or liquid phase, then they are dipped and cracked through nm SiC slime to make certain density precast body of fiber reinforcement SiC group. Carbon is added into the body through dipping and cracking way to form group body with certain pore, the group body penetrates inner part of the multi-hole body through gas phase silicon after it is high temperature treated, then it reacts with carbon and fills the pore to get compact basal body. The density of the material can reach 2.25-2.30g/cm3, open porosity is 3-6 percent; it is large more higher than traditional method of getting Cf/SiC material.

CO₂ sequestering soil stabilization compositions are provided. The soil stabilization compositions of the invention include a CO₂ sequestering component, e.g., a CO₂ sequestering carbonate composition. Additional aspects of the invention include methods of making and using the CO₂ sequestering soil stabilization composition. The invention also comprises the method of stabilizing soil and producing a soil stabilized structure utilizing such compositions.

The invention relates to polymers with antimicrobial properties, consisting of: a) 99-40 wt % non functional vinylically polymerizable monomers and b) 1-60 wt % functional vinylically polymerizable monomers of general formula (I) wherein V=vinyl, (meth)acroyl, allyl or styryl, A=a possibly available linking unit, which can be alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl or hydroxy alkyl, which can also be interrupted by hetero atoms, e.g. by hetero atoms in urethane, carbonate, ester, amide or ether groups, wherein y=0 or is 1, Hsp=a hydrophilic spacer of general formula (i) -(O-CH2-CH2)r- and/or (ii) -(O-CH2-CH(CH3))s with r=0-40, s=0-40 and r+s=2-40, also m=1.2 or 3 and R1=CH3, ethyl or benzyl, R2=an alkyl radical with 8-20 C-atoms, wherein t=1, 2 or 3 and X-=Cl-, Br-, I- or alkyl sulphate.

A method for producing oxygen and absorbing carbon dioxide in a single operation using a solution that contains an oxygen source and a redox partner that can react to form oxygen and a chemical species that can form an insoluble carbonate to precipitate and chemically store carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide is introduced into the solution and the carbonate precipitates as the oxygen is generated. In particular, the invention uses an aqueous solution of permanganate and hydrogen peroxide that react in the presence of a catalyst to produce oxygen and manganese (II) ions. Carbon dioxide gas introduced into the solution reacts with the manganese (II) ions to precipitate manganese carbonate. Other cations capable of reacting with carbon dioxide to form an insoluble carbonate, for example calcium, barium and magnesium, may also be added to the solution to precipitate carbonate salts. Calcium permanganate may used as a source of both calcium and permanganate.

The present invention is directed to smoking articles having reduced carbon monoxide delivery are described. A carbon monoxide reducing agent is incorporated into the smoking article in order to reduce carbon monoxide levels in mainstream smoke. The carbon monoxide reducing agent may be, for instance, in metal oxide or in metal carbonate. The carbon monoxide reducing agent may be incorporated into a wrapper and/or into a column of smokable filler that are used to construct the smoking article.

A process is disclosed for producing cement clinker, comprising the steps of: a) providing a mixture of ground calcareous materials and ground argillaceous materials; b) heating the mixture of step a) to a temperature sufficient to calcine and fuse the ground materials to form the cement clinker, and thereby producing an exhaust gas containing CO₂; c) catalysing the hydration of at least a portion of the CO2 contained in the exhaust gas and producing a solution containing bicarbonate ions and hydrogen ions; and d) adding to the solution obtained in step c) metal ions, and adjusting the pH of the solution to precipitate a carbonate or said metal. Preferably, the metal ions are Ca⁺⁺ obtained from the dissolution of a material selected from the group consisting of CaCl₂, cement kiln dust and sea salts and the carbonate is CaCO₃ which is advantageously recycled into the process by adding the CaCO₃ to the mixture of step a). A cement plant for performing this process is also disclosed.

The present invention relates to a sinter powder composed of polyamide which also comprises metal salts of weak acids, in particular metal carbonates, and fatty acid derivatives, in particular fatty acid esters or fatty acid amides, to a process for laser sintering, and also to moldings produced from this sinter powder. The moldings formed using the powder of the invention have marked advantages in appearance and in surface finish when compared with conventional products, especially when recyclability in the selective laser sintering (SLS) process is taken into account. Moldings produced from recycled sinter powder of the invention moreover also have markedly improved mechanical properties when compared with moldings based on recycled conventional nylon-12 powders, in particular in terms of modulus of elasticity and tensile strain at break. These moldings also have a density approaching that of injection moldings.