11042results about "Solid waste management" patented technology

A highly fire-resistant and environmentally-friendly panel of 2 mm to 28 mm may be manufactured by a blending of magnesium compounds, sodium silicate, kaolin, fillers, and additives to form the core materials, reinforced by 4 layers of fire-resistant glass fiber meshes and fabrics. Using a proprietary ITC process that accelerates the chemical reactions of the ingredients to generate sufficient heat without external supply of energy, the panels may be completely cured within 24 hours instead of 10 days. The use of waste materials, energy-saving curing system and no gas emission manufacturing process combined to make this panel an eco-friendly product which offers the world's highest-rated fire resistance of 5 hours, high flexural strength, low density, durability and effective water-resistance.

This invention generally pertains to a composite building material comprising a lightweight core with a thin fiber cement facing on one side of the core and a second facing material on the other side. The fiber cement facing that is used on at least one of the faces of the building material is 3/16″ or less, more preferably ⅛″ or less. The green fiber cement facing is preferably formed by a slurry-dewatering process to form a sheet that is in a plastic, uncured, state prior to manufacture of the composite. The composite building material is assembled in an uncured state and then cured.

Compositions, methods, and systems for manufacturing articles, particularly containers and packaging materials, having a particle packed, highly inorganically filled, cellular matrix are disclosed. Suitable inorganically filled mixtures are prepared by mixing together a starch-based binder, a solvent, inorganic aggregates, and optimal admixtures, e.g., fibers, mold-releasing agents, rheology-modifying agents, plasticizers, coating materials, and dispersants, in the correct proportions to form an article which has the desired performance criteria. The inorganically filled mixtures have a predetermined viscosity and are heated between molds at an elevated temperature and pressure to produce form-stable articles having a desired shape and a selectively controlled cellular, structure matrix. The molded articles may be placed in a high humidity chamber to obtain the necessary flexibility for their intended use. The articles may be manufactured to have properties substantially similar to articles presently made from conventional materials like paper, paperboard, polystyrene, plastic, or other organic materials. They have especial utility in the mass-production of containers, particularly food and beverage containers.

Cementitious compositions and methods for making same, in which the cementitious compositions include 35-60 wt. % cementitious reactive powder (also termed Portland cement-based binder), 2-10 wt. % expanded and chemically coated perlite filler, 20-40 wt. % water, entrained air, and optional additives such as water reducing agents, chemical set-accelerators, and chemical set-retarders. In addition, the lightweight cementitious compositions may contain 0-25 wt. % on a wet basis secondary fillers such as expanded clay, shale aggregate, and pumice.

The invention describes an activated supersulphated aluminosilicate binder containing aluminosilicates, calcium sulphate and an activator containing alkali metal salts, wherein the aluminosilicates are selected from the group consisting of blast furnace slag, clay, marl and industrial by-products such as fly ash with the proviso that the Al2O3 content is greater than 5% by weight, wherein blast furnace slag is present in an amount exceeding 35% by weight and clay, marl and/or fly ash is present in an amount exceeding 5% per weight and wherein cement kiln dust in an amount of from 3 to 10% by weight is added to the mixture as an activator and calcium sulphate is used in an amount exceeding 5% by weight.

This invention provides low dust low density gypsum wallboard products having high total core void volumes, corresponding to low densities in the range of about 10 to 30 pcf. The wallboards have a set gypsum core formed between two substantially parallel cover sheets, the set gypsum core preferably having a total void volume from about 80% to about 92%, and made from a slurry including stucco, pregelatinized starch, and a naphthalenesulfonate dispersant. The combination of the pregelatinized starch and the naphthalenesulfonate dispersant also provides a glue-like effect in binding the set gypsum crystals together. The wallboard formulation, along with small air bubble voids (and water voids) provides dust control during cutting, sawing, routing, snapping, nailing or screwing down, or drilling of the gypsum-containing products. This invention also provides a method of making the low dust low density gypsum products including the introduction of soap foam in an amount sufficient to form a total void volume, including air voids, preferably from about 80% to about 92% in the set gypsum core, corresponding to a set gypsum core density from about 10 pcf to about 30 pcf. The wallboards produced by the method generate significantly less dust during working.

Improved casing strings, and methods of using improved casing strings in subterranean cementing operations, are provided. An example of an apparatus is a pipe string comprising at least one pipe section and a delivery system of an activator. Another example of an apparatus is a pipe string comprising at least one pipe section and a delivery system of a set retarder. An example of a method is a method of cementing in a subterranean formation. Other examples of methods are methods of cementing in a subterranean formation comprising a well bore.

The invention relates to a process of preparing inorganic cementing material. It comprises following steps: mixing industrial slag, silicon-containing material, lime, plaster, addictive and water according to a certain proportion; pressing mixed material or compressing it into briquetting, maintaining naturally for thorough reaction, heat treating for activation under 450-850 Deg. C, adding addictive and grinding until sifting leaves is less than 15% with screen of 80 um, and getting inorganic cementing material, which is used as special cement or expansive agent. The invention is characterized by good physical property, stable volume, long durability and workability, low energy consumption and cost and environmental friendly.

Structural cement panel for resisting transverse and shear loads equal to transverse and shear loads provided by plywood and oriented strain board, when fastened to framing for use in shear walls, flooring and roofing systems. The panels provide reduced thermal transmission compared to other structural cement panels. The panels employ one or more layers of a continuous phase resulting from curing an aqueous mixture of calcium sulfate alpha hemihydrate, hydraulic cement, coated expanded perlite particles filler, optional additional fillers, active pozzolan and lime. The coated perlite has a particle size of 1-500 microns, a median diameter of 20-150 microns, and an effective particle density (specific gravity) of less than 0.50 g/cc. The panels are reinforced with fibers, for example alkali-resistant glass fibers. The preferred panel contains no intentionally added entrained air. A method of improving fire resistance in a building is also disclosed.

Polymerization of siloxane is improved using a gypsum-based slurry that includes stucco, Class C fly ash, magnesium oxide and an emulsion of siloxane and water. This slurry is used in a method of making water-resistant gypsum articles that includes making an emulsion of siloxane and water, then combining the slurry with a dry mixture of stucco, magnesium oxide and Class C fly ash. The slurry is then shaped as desired and the stucco is allowed to set and the siloxane polymerizes. The resulting product is useful for making a water-resistant gypsum panel having a core that includes interwoven matrices of calcium sulfate dihydrate crystals and a silicone resin, where the interwoven matrices have dispersed throughout them a catalyst comprising magnesium oxide and components from a Class C fly ash.

The present invention is directed to a 3DP(TM) material system ad method, and an article made therefrom. The method of the present invention includes building cross-sectional portions of a three-dimensional article, and assembling the individual cross-sectional areas in a layer-wise fashion to form a final article. The individual cross-sectional areas are built by using an ink-jet printhead to deliver an aqueous fluid to a particulate material that includes plaster.

A method for producing a set gypsum-containing product comprising an interlocking matrix of set gypsum wherein said method comprises applying to said set gypsum one or more enhancing materials selected from the group consisting of phosphoric acid; condensed phosphoric acids, each of which comprises 2 or more phosphoric acid units; and salts or ions of condensed phosphates, each of which comprises 2 or more phosphate units, and monobasic salts or monovalent ions of orthophosphates.

Extremely fast setting of cementitious compositions for producing cement-based products such as cement boards is made possible by adding an alkanolamine to a hydraulic cement such as portland cement, and forming a slurry with water under conditions that provide an initial slurry temperature of at least 90° F. Use of alkanolamine under conditions disclosed herein allows an extremely rapid setting of the cementitious composition. Additional reactive materials may be included such as high alumina cement, calcium sulfate and a pozzolanic material such as fly ash. The extremely fast rapid set permits rapid production of cementitious products.

An improved water resistant gypsum board is made by adding an aqueous wax emulsion containing a cationic surfactant to an aqueous slurry containing calcium sulfate and host particles at a slurry temperature which maintains calcium sulfate hemihydrate crystals. The wax emulsion is stable at the temperature of slurry which maintains the calcium sulfate hemihydrate. The slurry is then dewatered and rehydrated to form a gypsum board and dried at a temperature to melt the wax.

A dry powdered flowable cement composition contains calcium carbonate and a partially decarbonated magnesium carbonate. A slurry of the composition will set hard with various organic fillers including waste products and toxic waste. The composition can be slurried with contaminated water such as sea water, mineral laden ground water and muddy water. A high percentage of filler can be added while still having an acceptable set.

The present invention provides a process for forming cement in a well bore. In this process, a cement composition is formed that comprises a cement and one or more beads mixed with the cement. The cement composition containing the beads is displaced into the well bore, and an inert gas phase is introduced to the cement composition to control a density of the cement composition. The inert gas phase can be introduced by adding a gas generating material to the cement composition and/or a porous material to the cement composition. In an embodiment, the gas generating material is a nitrogen generating material that may be activated by an oxidizing agent. In another embodiment, the gas generating material is a hydrogen generating material, e.g., an aluminum powder. The present invention further provides a cement composition comprising a cement, one or more beads combined with the cement, and an inert gas phase created by, e.g., a gas generating material and/or a porous material.

The invention provides geopolymeric compositions, which have controllable thickening and setting times for a wide range of temperatures and a large range of geopolymer slurry densities. The geopolymer slurry compositions have good mixability and pumpability, whilst the set materials develop good compressive strength and permeability. The invention discloses a method for preparing geopolymer for oilfield cementing applications. The geopolymeric compositions according to the invention comprises a suspension comprising an aluminosilicate source, a metal silicate, an alkali activator, lightweight or heavyweight fillers and a carrier fluid wherein the suspension of said geopolymeric composition is pumped in a well and allowed to set.

The invention discloses a water permeable brick and a preparation method thereof. The water permeable brick comprises two parts, namely a surface layer and a base layer, wherein the material of the surface layer is prepared from the following components in percentage by mass: 60-70% of ceramic sand, 15-20% of sand and 15-20% of cement, and in addition to the solid components with the sum of 100% in percentage by mass, water accounting for 50-60% by mass of cement is further added; and the material of the base layer is prepared from the following components in percentage by mass: 45-65% of building silt unburned ceramsite, 10-15% of cement, 5-10% of fly ash, 10-15% of melon seed-shaped drug slices and 10-15% of sand, and in addition to the solid components with the sum of 100% in percentage by mass, the water accounting for 30-40% and a water reducer accounting for 1-1.5% relative to total mass of the cement and the fly ash are further added. The water permeable brick disclosed by the invention is prepared by using the building silt unburned ceramsite to replace natural aggregate or calcined ceramsite, on one hand, the using ways of the building silt unburned ceramsite can be expanded, the utilization rate of solid wastes is improved, and negative effects on an environment are reduced, and on the other hand, the obtained water permeable brick has excellent performance.

A more economical and light-color cellular concrete is provided by the replacement of Portland cement with ground glass powder in a cellular lightweight concrete mixture and the resulting method to make cellular concrete products. The use of ground glass also increases the stability of the cellular lightweight concrete mixture during the foaming or aeration process. The products are suitable for use in structural applications, insulation, and as a lightweight aggregate.

Known phosphate ceramic formulations are improved and the ability to produce iron-based phosphate ceramic systems is enabled by the addition of an oxidizing or reducing step during the acid-base reactions that form the phosphate ceramic products. The additives allow control of the rate of the acid-base reactions and concomitant heat generation. In an alternate embodiment, waste containing metal anions are stabilized in phosphate ceramic products by the addition of a reducing agent to the phosphate ceramic mixture. The reduced metal ions are more stable and/or reactive with the phosphate ions, resulting in the formation of insoluble metal species within the phosphate ceramic matrix, such that the resulting chemically bonded phosphate ceramic product has greater leach resistance.

A building article incorporating a biocidal agent, such as copper oxine, that inhibits the growth of mold, fungi, algae, mildew, bacteria, lichen, and other undesirable biological growth is provided. The biocidal agent can be a biocide, fungicide, germicide, insecticide, mildewcide, or the like. The biocidal agent can be interspersed throughout the matrix of the article; applied as a surface treatment to the article; or applied as a treatment to the fibers reinforcing the article. The building article can include tile backer boards, decks, soffits, trims, decking, fencing, roofing, cladding, sheathing, and other products. The building article can also include a variety of different composite materials such as cement, gypsum, wood, and wood/polymer composites.

A process for sequestering carbon dioxide from the flue gas emitted from a combustion chamber is disclosed. In the process, a foam including a foaming agent and the flue gas is formed, and the foam is added to a mixture including a cementitious material (e.g., fly ash) and water to form a foamed mixture. Thereafter, the foamed mixture is allowed to set, preferably to a controlled low-strength material having a compressive strength of 1200 psi or less. The carbon dioxide in the flue gas and waste heat reacts with hydration products in the controlled low-strength material to increase strength. In this process, the carbon dioxide is sequestered. The CLSM can be crushed or pelletized to form a lightweight aggregate with properties similar to the naturally occurring mineral, pumice.

The invention generally provides a light weight composite gypsum board including a foamed low density set gypsum core, a top non-foamed (or reduced-foamed) bonding high density layer and a bottom non-foamed (or reduced-foamed) bonding high density layer, a top cover sheet bonded to the foamed low density set gypsum core by the top non-foamed (or reduced-foamed) bonding high density layer, and a bottom cover sheet bonded to the foamed low density set gypsum core by the bottom non-foamed (or reduced-foamed) bonding high density layer. The foamed low density set gypsum core and the non-foamed (or reduced-foamed) bonding high density layers are made from a gypsum slurry including stucco, pregelatinized starch present in an amount of about 0.5-10% by weight based on the weight of stucco, preferably a naphthalenesulfonate disperant present in an amount of about 0.1-3.0% by weight based on the weight of stucco, and preferably sodium trimetaphosphate present in an amount of about 0.12-0.4% by weight based on the weight of stucco. Other slurry additives can include accelerators, binders, paper fiber, glass fiber, and other known ingredients. The foamed low density set gypsum core is prepared having a density of less than about 30 pcf using soap foam in the gypsum-containing slurry. The combination of components provide a composite gypsum board having light weight and high strength. A method of making the composite gypsum board is also provided.

A highly durable and easy to use prefabricated construction product is disclosed having a cellular concrete component sandwiched between two cement boards, wherein the cellular concrete component comprises cement, fly ash, an activating agent and water, and the cement boards comprise cement, fly ash, an activating agent, sand, silica fume, a water reducer agent, a reinforcing fiber, and water.

The use of high aspect fillers in the production of simulated stone, masonry and brick textured products such as cladding, siding, panels, or other building and construction materials. High aspect fillers increase the dimensional stability, rigidity, thermal and sound insulation. The high aspect fillers may be included into a matrix polymer with or without chemical bonding. The disclosed invention is not limited to products in the building or construction industries and may be applied in the manufacture of a wide variety of products in other industries.

A thermally conductive cement-sand grout for use with a geothermal heat pump system. The cement sand grout contains cement, silica sand, a superplasticizer, water and optionally bentonite. The present invention also includes a method of filling boreholes used for geothermal heat pump systems with the thermally conductive cement-sand grout. The cement-sand grout has improved thermal conductivity over neat cement and bentonite grouts, which allows shallower bore holes to be used to provide an equivalent heat transfer capacity. In addition, the cement-sand grouts of the present invention also provide improved bond strengths and decreased permeabilities. The cement-sand grouts can also contain blast furnace slag, fly ash, a thermoplastic air entraining agent, latex, a shrinkage reducing admixture, calcium oxide and combinations thereof.

Solar-reflective roofing granules having improved solar heat-resistance are formed by coating colored mineral particles with a coating composition including titanium dioxide nanoparticles.

A method of making a rapid setting lightweight cementitious composition with improved compressive strength for products such as boards is disclosed. The method mixes fly ash, alkali metal salt of citric acid and lightweight aggregate with water. Compositions which include fly ash, alkali metal salts of citric acid and lightweight aggregate are also disclosed.

Methods of controlling the durability of and/or the amount of air in concrete formulations that include combining cement, water, and optionally aggregates, admixtures and/or additives to form a cement mixture; and adding prepuff particles to the cement mixture to form a concrete formulation. The prepuff particles have an average particle diameter of from 0.2 mm to 3 mm, a bulk density of from 0.015 g/cc to 0.35 g/cc, an aspect ratio of from 1 to 3, and a smooth continuous outer surface. The cured and hardened concrete formulation typically has a relative dynamic modulus of at least 70% determined according to Procedure A of ASTM C666 (2003). The amount of air in the concrete typically increases over the amount of air in similar formulations not containing prepuff particles, as determined according to ASTM C231, based on the volume percent of prepuff. The concrete formulations can be used to make articles.

The invention relates to a hydrophobic granule and a preparation method thereof, and a waterproof breathable structure and a forming method thereof. The hydrophobic granule comprises aggregate and a hydrophobic resin film coated on the aggregate, wherein the aggregate size is 6-300 meshes, and the hydrophobic resin film is made of one or a plurality of hydrophobic epoxy resin, bakelite, polyurethane resin and silicone resin, and coated on the aggregate. The preparation method of the hydrophobic granule comprises the following steps: heating the aggregate to 50-400 DEG C; adding the hydrophobic resin, evenly stirring so that a film is coated on the aggregate surface; and cooling, crushing and screening to obtain the hydrophobic granules. The hydrophobic granule can be widely used as a waterproof breathable layer in desert planting, lake bottom seepage-proofing, river course seepage-proofing, landscape water system bottom seepage-proofing, and has favorable waterproof and breathable properties.