128 results about "Particle density" patented technology

The invention relates to a particle density-based particle distribution detection method. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring a first image containing the distribution of a plurality of macroscopic rock particles; estimating the particle density of the first image through a pre-trained deep learning image segmentation model; cutting the first image into a plurality of second images according to a cutting step length, wherein the cutting step length is determined by an overlapping value and the size of the second image; performing target detection on the second image to obtain a bounding box and mask information of the macroscopic rock particles; and removing a result of repeated detection across the second image through a deduplication algorithm, and generating final particle distribution data. The invention further provides a corresponding particle distribution detection device based on the particle density. According to the particle distribution detection method, the image cutting parameters can be adaptively adjusted according to the particle density, and the detection precision and the calculation efficiency are considered at the same time.

The invention discloses an aggregate random distribution concrete PFC (Power Factor Correction) simulation method, which comprises the following steps: a model selection step: determining a parallel bonding model as a mechanical model for concrete material simulation; a cement mortar matrix generation step of generating a cement mortar matrix by using particles in a set size range in a set space range based on the model, and setting pore density, particle density and contact model parameters; a coarse aggregate random distribution simulation step: randomly covering and grouping original particles in the matrix in a grouping and range mode; a concrete numerical model construction step: determining particle classification so as to distinguish cement mortar and coarse aggregate; and a model reliability verification step: comparing indoor test results through a uniaxial compression test. According to the method, the simulation accuracy is improved, the randomness of aggregate is reduced, the model reliability is ensured, the matrix simulation refinement degree is improved, and a method is provided for concrete modeling and performance research.

The invention relates to power load prediction, in particular to a dynamic hierarchical granularity model power load prediction method considering time sequence factors. According to the method, the fitting capability of periodic features, trend changes and sudden influences in load fluctuation is remarkably enhanced, and the problem of feature loss caused by neglect of a time sequence dynamic weight of an existing model can be solved. Comprising the following steps: S1, performing time sequence characteristic analysis on historical power load data, and converting an original non-stationary time sequence into a stationary time sequence through difference and logarithm transformation; s2, obtaining a cleaned power load data set; s3, based on the data cleaned in S2, selecting a Gaussian radial basis function (RBF) as a kernel function, and analyzing temperature, holiday identification and linear change trend key influence factors at the same time; s4, performing dynamic multi-level granulation on the data set, and dynamically adjusting the particle level according to the data mixing degree and the particle density; and S5, fusing the time sequence kernel function and the influence factor through a decision function, and predicting the future power load.

The application discloses a kind of based on transparent soil and pile-soil interface micro evolution measurement method of multi-source sensing, it is related to geotechnical engineering test field.The present application includes the following steps: constructing transparent soil model, pile body pre-embedded sensor arrangement, multi-source sensor calibration and parameter optimization, load application and multi-source data acquisition, improved DIC algorithm's pile-soil interface micro displacement calculation, pile-soil interface pore and particle density calculation, multi-source sensing data's heterogeneous fusion, pile-soil interface micro evolution characteristic quantitative inversion and visualization, test end and data verification.The present application simulates real soil environment by constructing transparent soil model, in combination with image recognition, digital image correlation, fiber-optic sensing and resistance sensor and other multi-source sensing technology, the micro deformation, stress distribution and failure evolution process of pile-soil interface in loading process are monitored and analyzed in real time with high precision, realize the high-precision, full-process, visual measurement of pile-soil interface micro evolution, improve measurement precision.

The invention discloses a thickener dosing control method and system, and relates to mineral processing. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring concentration values measured by an ith concentration sensor at different depths at a moment t; obtaining the turbidity T of the overflow water, the effective viscosity of the overflow water or underflow, the volume fraction of fine particles and the volume fraction of coarse particles in the overflow water, the Zeta potential of the feeding end, the Zeta potential of the overflow end, the time derivative of the Zeta potential of the overflow end, the equivalent diameter d of the particles, the density of the particles, the density of the fluid and the viscosity of the fluid; calculating the effective settling velocity of the particle swarm; carrying out online correction on the effective settling velocity by utilizing a least square method or a Kalman filtering algorithm; performing time lag correction on the concentration values at different depths by using the corrected effective settling velocity; correcting the turbidity T of the overflow water according to the corrected concentration profile; respectively calculating a flocculant dosing rate and a coagulant dosing rate; according to the invention, accurate cooperative control of the dosing rate of the flocculating agent and the coagulant is improved through the artificial intelligence model.

The invention relates to the technical field of intelligent sampling, in particular to an unmanned aerial vehicle water sediment intelligent sampling method and system based on rotational flow sorting, and the method comprises the following steps: collecting disturbance trajectory and rotational flow data, identifying a stable inlet, screening an alignment interval, executing screen mesh alignment, and generating a sampling record. According to the method, stable section calibration is formed by superposing wind speed direction fluctuation and rectifying plate track change, the screening range is locked to an alignment interval in combination with multi-parameter mapping of the rotating speed and the particle density, and the sediment movement state is captured in a layered mode in a deposition layer through a screen; a whole-process sampling sequence is constructed by a collaborative time sequence of rectification action and screen operation, so that real water disturbance characteristics can be dynamically extracted, sediment movement rules can be matched, the sampling trigger response accuracy is improved, and the screening alignment precision under multi-factor coupling is enhanced; the target section is accurately captured under the interlaced interference of the airflow disturbance and the particle settling process, and the particle layered structure is stably kept.

The invention relates to the technical field of performance evaluation, in particular to an MTO device operation performance evaluation method and system, and the method comprises the following steps: calling a sensor to collect particle density and flow data, recognizing structure abnormity through combination of pressure drop, obtaining a flow deviation rate, collecting energy consumption and yield to form an energy consumption response value, and calculating a hot pressure drift value through combination of temperature and pressure data; and analyzing the relationship between the pressure difference and the wind speed to obtain a feeding offset, summarizing offset parameters to evaluate the efficiency stability, and obtaining an operation efficiency analysis result. According to the method, early judgment of structural abnormity is achieved through combined recognition of the particle density and the flow change trend, response indexes are constructed through the energy consumption and yield difference value, the dynamic property of energy efficiency evaluation is enhanced, temperature and pressure migration path analysis is combined, the identification capacity of working condition fluctuation is improved, control signals and pressure difference response comparison are adopted, and the energy efficiency evaluation accuracy is improved. The matching performance of feeding regulation and control is optimized, multi-dimensional abnormal data are collected and evaluated, and the space stability quantification of the operation state is realized.

The invention relates to the technical field of remote monitoring, in particular to a road repair state monitoring system based on edge calculation, which comprises the following steps: an increment acquisition module, an environment comparison module, a crack pressure matching module, a linkage alarm module and a load sequence adjustment module. According to the method, through periodic three-axis acceleration and temperature and humidity parameter linkage analysis, calibration and correction of collected signals under environment instantaneous disturbance are achieved, the compaction state of a road is recognized by combining trend consistency judgment of particle density and humidity trend, and the compaction rate is calculated through direction track coupling of multi-period microcracks and the compaction rate. According to the method, the structure collaborative stress and change relation and the synchronous comparison of direction track fluctuation and an expansion path are accurately reflected, the structure fracture risk is captured in real time, the time-efficient transmission of abnormal risk information is improved in combination with a dynamic sequence adjustment mechanism of communication bandwidth and queue pressure, and high perception and real-time response of multi-source dynamic change in the road repair process are achieved.

The invention relates to the technical field of medicine preparation, and particularly discloses a preparation method of a trazodone hydrochloride tablet, which comprises the following steps: mixing trazodone hydrochloride, a filler, a disintegrating agent and an adhesive, melting and granulating under the conditions that the feeding speed is 1kg / h-5 kg / h, the screw speed is 30rpm / min-80rpm / min and the temperature is 60-90 DEG C, mixing with a lubricant after melting and granulating to obtain total mixed granules, and granulating to obtain the trazodone hydrochloride tablet. And tabletting to obtain the trazodone hydrochloride tablet. The adhesive is melted in the heating section to initiate agglomeration to establish a liquid bridge between particles, and forms a firm bridge to consolidate agglomerates when the temperature is reduced, and the adhesive is retained in the prescription as a component, so that the particle density is higher, the porosity is lower, and the flowability and compressibility of the particles are improved.

The invention discloses copper-based alloy powder and a preparation method thereof, and relates to the technical field of copper-based alloys. Comprising the following steps that S100, raw materials are matched and pretreated, specifically, the raw materials comprise, by mass, 60%-75% of copper, 5%-12% of tin, 8%-15% of zinc, 3%-8% of nickel and 0.8%-1.2% of cerium-lanthanum composite rare earth, and the mass ratio of cerium to lanthanum is 1: 1; the microscopic structure of the powder is a composite structure of uniformly distributed isometric crystals and a nano rare earth phase, the average grain size is # imgabs 0, and the rare earth compound particle density is # imgabs 1 # / mm. Through the synergistic effect of rare earth microalloying and high-energy ball milling and in combination with plasma atomization rapid cooling, the powder forms a non-equilibrium solidification structure with the average grain size of # imgabs2, the fine grain rate is increased by 40% compared with a traditional process, the problem that existing copper-based powder grains are coarse is solved, and the mechanical property of the material is remarkably improved.

There is provided a pharmaceutical dosage form that is suitable for peroral administration to the gastrointestinal tract, which dosage form comprises a pharmaceutical composition in the form of a particulate mixture comprising solid particles of N-butyloxycarbonyl-3-(4-imidazol-1-ylmethylphenyl)-5-iso-butylthiophene-2-sulfonamide (C21), or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt thereof, admixed with a blend of carrier particles with weight- and / or a volume-based mean diameter, and / or a structural / particle density, that is / are similar to the weight- and / or volume-based mean diameter, and / or the structural / particle density, of the solid particles of C21, and a glidant, which composition is contained within a capsule that is suitable for such peroral administration. Preferred carrier particles have a weight- and / or a volume-based mean diameter that is less than about 100 μm. Preferred carrier particle materials include mannitol. Preferred glidants comprise colloidal silica. Such dosage forms find utility in the treatment of lung diseases, such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis, sarcoidosis and respiratory virus-induced tissue damage.

The invention relates to the technical field of metal processing, and discloses a simulation method for the grinding surface topography of a mixed-particle-size CBN (Cubic Boron Nitride) grinding wheel. Grinding wheel workpiece motion parameters and abrasive particle geometric parameters are set, a to-be-processed workpiece and a mixed particle size grinding wheel are simulated, and a trajectory equation of a certain abrasive particle under a global coordinate system is determined based on a workpiece surface analysis domain, the grinding wheel workpiece motion parameters and the abrasive particle geometric parameters; according to the trajectory equation, obtaining a trajectory scatter coordinate matrix of the mapping relation between the area where a certain abrasive particle is located and the workpiece surface, and mapping to obtain a minimum coordinate value; the track scatter coordinate matrixes corresponding to all the abrasive particles are mapped repeatedly, and the surface roughness of the workpiece is obtained based on all the coordinate minimum values; and the surface roughness of the workpiece is compared with the preset roughness, the geometrical parameters of the abrasive particles are adjusted based on the comparison result until the obtained surface roughness of the workpiece is smaller than the preset roughness, and the problem that the abrasive particle diameter ratio and the abrasive particle density ratio of an existing mixed particle size grinding wheel are unreasonable in design is solved.

The present invention relates to a device (1) for reducing a particle density of a sample of a suspension of particles in a liquid, the device comprising a measurement flow path (13) for characterizing the sample of the suspension, wherein the device (1) is configured to withdraw a sample of the suspension residing in a main vessel (100), and to dilute the sample, particularly when a measure indicative of the particle density in the sample is above a pre-defined threshold.

The invention relates to a device (1) and a method for extracting fine particles (1.1.2) from a material stream (1.1), wherein the material stream (1.1) comprises a mixture of product particles (1.1.1) and fine particles (1.1.2) and wherein the fine particles (1.1.2) differ in weight and / or particle size and / or particle density from the product particles (1.1.1), comprising a suction device (1.4) having a suction duct (1.4.3) for suctioning off sub-particles (1.1.3) from the material stream (1.1) by way of a closed-loop-controllable air stream (1.4.2) in the suction duct (1.4.3) and a closed-loop control device (1.7) for closed-loop control of the suction device (1.4), wherein the suctioned-off sub-particles (1.1.3) are measurable by the closed-loop control device (1.7) using an acceleration sensor (1.7.1) connected to the closed-loop control device (1.7) and the suction device (1.4) is closed-loop-controllable using the closed-loop control device (1.7) in such a way that the suctioned-off sub-particles (1.1.3) comprise a definable suction mixture of product particles (1.1.1) and fine particles (1.1.2).

The application provides a method for determining the type of defects in a single crystal silicon wafer, comprising the following steps: measuring the particles in the As-Grown state silicon wafer by LST to obtain a first measurement result, and determining a V-rich region according to the first measurement result and a first preset density value; and performing heat treatment on the silicon wafer, and again measuring the particles in the silicon wafer by LST to obtain a second measurement result, and determining a Pv region, an I-rich region and a Pi region according to the second measurement result, a second preset density value and a third preset density value, so as to accurately and effectively distinguish the four region types of the V-rich region, the Pv region, the Pi region and the I-rich region in the single crystal silicon wafer by using the particle density, the test result is obviously distinguished, the test stability is high and the repeatability is high, and the requirement of the defect partition type on the silicon wafer is reduced.

The invention discloses a debris flow surface SPH particle adaptive processing method and a debris flow real-time simulation method. The invention provides a debris flow surface SPH particle adaptive processing method for overcoming the defect that surface particles are easily misjudged in the prior art. A particle density dynamic threshold is used as a surface particle identification standard, and the optimized dynamic threshold dynamically balances and controls debris flow characteristics to make a judgment contribution to the surface particles by using a real-time velocity gradient, a density gradient and a weight. Neighborhood virtual particles are randomly generated around the mass center of the surface particles to support kernel calculation, and the density and speed attributes of the virtual particles are limited. The debris flow real-time simulation method is realized by utilizing a self-adaptive processing technology. According to the optimization scheme, SPH-DEM coupling is adopted, heterogeneous units form a unified SPH framework, hydrodynamic force is calculated through an SPH method, contact force is calculated through a DEM method, and bidirectional coupling force calculation is completed. An SPH method is realized by adopting a Niagara particle system, and a digital twinborn platform foundation of numerical simulation and visual integrated simulation is constructed.

This application, applicable to the field of equipment control technology, provides a safe charging method and electronic device based on a three-dimensional model. The method comprises: obtaining current internal cavity state parameters if a preset charging trigger condition is met; importing the powder density and propulsion parameters into a preset three-dimensional simulation model to determine a corresponding powder handling strategy for the pressure reducing piston; and, after executing at least one powder handling operation in the powder handling strategy, adding liquid carbon dioxide to the cavity based on the calibrated charging value. This method improves the operational safety of dry ice production equipment, prevents excessive dry ice particle density from blocking the pressure reducing piston's propulsion and causing component damage, and extends the service life of the dry ice production equipment.

A colloidal silica is disclosed that contains, with high purity, silica particles having an appropriate particle density, a high aggregation ratio, and a high alkoxy group content, and to provide a method for producing the colloidal silica in a simple manner at reduced costs. The colloidal silica containing silica particles is disclosed, wherein the silica particles have an average primary particle size of 33 nm or more, an aggregation ratio of 1.2 or more, and a particle density of 1.95 or more, the silica particles contain 1000 ppm by mass or more of alkoxy groups per gram of the silica particles, the proportion of the number of silica particles having an equivalent circle diameter under 20 nm is less than 15%, and the silica particles contain a primary amine in an amount of 5 μmol or more per gram of the silica particles.

The invention discloses an optimization method for an electroosmosis drying model of a composite adsorption regenerated material. The optimization method comprises the following steps: acquiring parameters such as electric field intensity, electrokinetic potential, composite material type and proportion, composite material granularity and particle size, composite material particle density and composite material porosity; establishing an initial electroosmosis drying model of the composite adsorption regenerated material according to the parameters; performing a multi-factor coupling simulation test on the initial electroosmosis drying model to obtain a simulation data set containing an electroosmosis flow rate; and comparing the electroosmotic flow rate in the simulation data set with a preset performance standard, and performing iterative optimization on the initial electroosmotic drying model based on a comparison result to obtain an optimized drying model. Core parameters are efficiently screened through sensitivity analysis, rapid iterative optimization of the model is achieved, the output instructive parameters can provide a reliable basis for material selection and design of an electroosmosis dehumidification device, and the performance and practicability of an electroosmosis drying system are guaranteed.

The invention relates to the technical field of water conservancy projects, and particularly discloses a method for calculating the void scale caused by soil loss under a pump station bottom plate and electronic equipment, and the method comprises the steps: determining the maximum water head difference of two sides of a pump station, the soil particle density and the total length of the pump station bottom plate, and estimating the diameter of a gap channel; and carrying out stress analysis on the microcosmic soil particle units on the side wall of the gap channel, wherein the stress comprises effective gravity, drag force, seepage force, lifting force, cohesive force, supporting force, sliding friction force and rolling friction moment. According to the method for calculating the void scale caused by soil loss under the pump station bottom plate, a particle kinetic method is introduced, gap channel water flow under the bottom plate is regarded as pressure pipe flow, particle stress analysis, a sliding / rolling instability mode and a Kolbolok-White formula of a turbulent flow hydraulic transition area are comprehensively considered, and the void scale caused by soil loss under the pump station bottom plate is calculated. The length of the void development channel can be quickly calculated based on engineering parameters, and the void position and the risk range can be determined.

The invention discloses a laser diameter measuring instrument lens self-cleaning device and method based on multi-mode cooperation, and belongs to the technical field of cigarette manufacturing. The device comprises a pollution sensing unit for acquiring the pollution area P, the oiliness index Q and the particle density G of the surface of the lens; the annular ion air curtain unit is used for generating ion airflow flowing by being attached to the surface of the lens; the piezoelectric ultrasonic unit transmits high-frequency vibration to the surface of the lens; the ultraviolet laser unit is used for emitting pulse type ultraviolet laser; and the controller is electrically connected with each unit. The method comprises the following steps: acquiring pollution characteristic parameters in real time; determining a pollution level; generating a time sequence control instruction; and all the cleaning units are cooperatively controlled to work. According to the invention, self-adaptive, non-contact, non-stop and efficient cleaning of composite pollutants such as tobacco dust, tar and sugar is realized, the real-time cleaning requirement of a high-speed production line is met, and the measurement precision and the operation stability are guaranteed.

Embodiments of the present application provide a wafer evaluation method, device and readable storage medium, comprising: acquiring a wafer image; dividing a plurality of regions in the wafer image; determining a plurality of region groups in the plurality of regions according to two adjacent regions as a group; calculating a particle density ratio of two regions in the region group; and determining a wafer corresponding to the wafer image as an abnormal product in a case that the calculated particle density ratio is greater than a preset threshold.

The utility model provides a kind of forming device of adjustable color master batch particle density, belong to plastic processing technical field, to solve the forming device of existing adjustable color master batch particle density, easy to wear when rotating, gear is easy to break and difficult to detect in time and the problem of vibration deviation and exacerbate wear without timely lubrication. Including double-screw extruder, driving mechanism, machine cylinder, feed hopper, drive screw, oil bottle, piston cylinder, monitoring frame, maintenance assembly and monitoring assembly, the drive screw is provided with two groups, two groups the drive screw is installed in machine cylinder interior;The oil bottle is fixedly installed on the upper portion of double-screw extruder;The piston cylinder is fixedly installed in double-screw extruder interior;The monitoring frame is provided with two groups, two groups the monitoring frame is fixedly installed in machine cylinder one end;The maintenance assembly is arranged in double-screw extruder interior;The monitoring assembly is arranged in machine cylinder one end.The utility model has the advantages of convenient maintenance, convenient to use, deviation monitoring etc..

The present invention provides a method for determining the type of defects in a monocrystalline silicon wafer, which includes the steps of: using LST to measure particles in an as-grown silicon wafer and thereby obtaining a first measurement, and determining a V-rich region based on the first measurement and a first preset density value; and subjecting the silicon wafer to a thermal treatment, again using LST to measure particles in the silicon wafer and thereby obtaining a second measurement, and determining a Pv region, an I-rich region and a Pi region based on the second measurement, a second preset density value and a third preset density value. As a result, a particle density can be utilized as a basis for accurately and efficiently determining a region of interest of a monocrystalline silicon wafer as one of a V-rich region, a Pv region, a Pi region and an I-rich region.

The present application relates to the technical field of aerospace target characteristic analysis, and particularly relates to a high-altitude multi-particle-size particle field radiation rapid analysis method, device, equipment and medium. The method comprises the following steps: S1, determining the initial multi-particle-size number density of the outlet section based on the engine outlet parameters and the particle size distribution model; S2, determining the total particle density of the external flow field based on the law of conservation of mass, then determining the multi-particle-size number density at each position, and calculating the temperature attenuation caused by the radiation heat dissipation of particles of different particle sizes respectively to obtain the temperature field; S3, analyzing and determining the infrared radiation characteristics of the high-altitude plume based on the obtained number density and temperature distribution. The present application introduces the particle size distribution model and differentiates the temperature evolution, improves the analysis accuracy, replaces the complex CFD simulation with the analytical / semi-analytical model based on the physical law, greatly improves the calculation efficiency, and is suitable for the rapid evaluation and scheme iteration of the infrared characteristics of the high-altitude plume in engineering.

A method and apparatus for measuring energy of a quantum chemistry system. In one aspect, a method includes: for a Hamiltonian that describes a chemical system and includes a sum of multiple terms; wherein each term includes i) a respective operator that affects a respective single particle-based rotation and ii) one or more particle density operators, for each group including terms having the same operator that affects the respective single particle-based rotation, repeatedly measuring expected values for terms included in the group, including: calculating, by quantum computing, the desired values of terms included in the group; performing a corresponding single particle based rotation on a qubit system encoding a state of the chemical system; measuring a Jordan-Wigner transform of one or more particle density operators in the set under a calculation basis to obtain respective measurements of the set; calculating a total number of particles or a spin component using the obtained measurements; determining whether the calculated total particle number or spin component is equal to a corresponding target value; and in response to determining that the calculated total population or spin component is equal to the corresponding target value, retaining the measurement for determining the energy of the chemical system by a classical calculation; and determining the energy of the chemical system by classical calculations using the obtained measurements.

The application discloses a device and method for measuring partial pressure of mixed gas in ultra-high vacuum based on cold atom technology. The application is based on the theory that the regularity attenuation of the cold atoms trapped in the potential well caused by the particle collision of the background gas can be used to reverse the density of the gas particles, and the characteristics that the velocity thermal average collision cross section of different gas particles and cold atoms has a certain and independent change trend with the depth of the potential well. A multivariate linear regression equation set of total collision loss rate about mixed gas density under different well depth conditions is constructed to analyze the change of the total loss rate of the cold atom group under different well depth conditions, so that the type and density of each component in the mixed gas are separated, and the partial pressure of each component is determined. The method avoids the measurement uncertainty caused by the effects brought by the ionization process of the traditional mass spectrometer, and has the advantages of no calibration, no disturbance to the measurement environment, high accuracy, reproducibility at different times and different places and the like based on the basic physical characteristics of the cold atoms.

The invention relates to the technical field of plastic uptake forming devices, in particular to an adhesive film continuous plastic uptake forming device and a processing technology.The adhesive film continuous plastic uptake forming device comprises a bottom plate, a plastic uptake forming machine and an auxiliary assembly, and the auxiliary assembly comprises a supporting frame, a raw material winding drum, a compression joint roller, a conveying roller, a ventilation base, a sleeve, a wire ring, a quick connector, an air suction device, a limiting component and a tensioning component; the air suction device is controlled to act to push out air all the time, when the air pushes the conveying roller, the particle density outside the conveying roller is increased, the air pressure is correspondingly increased, the air density inside the conveying roller is reduced to form environment air pressure, and the conveying belt is adsorbed through the air suction holes to be tightly attached to the conveying roller. The situation that the raw material sheet is unstable in positioning due to looseness of the conveying belt during working is avoided, and then the problems that existing plastic uptake needs several steps, the conveying belt needs to be stopped during working in each step, and due to the inertia effect, the conveying belt can be loosened, and the position of the raw material sheet deviates can be solved.

- 33 - Abstract Lightweight concrete mixture comprising a biocarbon fine lightweight aggregate, the biocarbon fine lightweight aggregate having particle sizes in the range of 0 to 4 mm, preferably 0 to 2 mm, a particle size distribution with D50 5 in the range of 0.010 to 1.00 mm, preferably 0.012 to 0.60 mm, further preferred 0.015 to 0.08 mm, a particle density in the range of 0.20-1.80 g / cm³, preferably 0.40-0.60 g / cm³ and a random reflectance of at least 1.3 %, preferably at least 1.5 %, further preferred at least 1.8%, most preferred at least 2 %. 10 Fig. 1

The invention discloses a system and a method for cleaning a sheet. The method includes applying ultrasonic work to a sheet, the sheet having an initial state, the initial state including particulate matter on a surface; the application of ultrasonic work that removes at least a portion of particulate matter from the surface is controlled to reach a total ultrasonic work to treat the sheet to a final state, where the surface of the sheet is at least partially free of particulate matter by optical detection at a light intensity of 5000 lux, and the surface of the sheet is at least partially free of particulate matter by optical detection at a light intensity of 5000 lux. The particle density of particles with the size larger than 5.0 microns on the surface of the sheet in the final state is smaller than 0.100 particles / cm < 2 >; the surface has an edge exclusion region of 1.0 cm and a B10 surface strength greater than 400 N. The method controls exposure of the sheet to ultrasonic waves to maintain good cleaning performance while minimizing surface damage.