2068results about "Silicon compounds" patented technology

The invention provides a biomass-derived spherical porous carbon material and a preparation method thereof, and a silicon-carbon negative electrode material and a preparation method thereof, and relates to the field of lithium ion batteries. The preparation method of the biomass-derived spherical porous carbon material comprises the following steps: carrying out pre-carbonization treatment on vinasse to obtain pre-carbonized vinasse, mixing the pre-carbonized vinasse with an acidic solution, and washing with water until the mixture is neutral to obtain pre-treated vinasse; mixing the pretreated vinasse with a pore-forming agent, a binder and water to prepare slurry, and performing spray drying on the slurry to obtain a spheroidized precursor; carrying out carbonization treatment on the spheroidized precursor; washing the carbonized spheroidized precursor with water until the spheroidized precursor is neutral, and drying the spheroidized precursor to obtain an intermediate; and activating the intermediate with water vapor to obtain the biomass-derived spherical porous carbon material. The material with a regular spherical and porous structure can be prepared, the material can be used for preparing a silicon-carbon negative electrode material with a stable structure, and the electrochemical performance of the silicon-carbon negative electrode material is improved.

The invention discloses a high-strength heat-insulation aerogel structure with a dual multi-scale design and a preparation method thereof, relates to the technical field of thermal protection of spacecrafts, and in particular relates to the high-strength heat-insulation aerogel structure with the dual multi-scale design and the preparation method thereof. The invention aims to solve the problems of insufficient structural rigidity and poorer thermal protection property and thermal stability of the traditional spacecraft surface aerogel structure under the conditions of extreme high temperature and mechanical load. The structure is composed of an upper carbon-carbon composite material plate, a lower carbon-carbon composite material plate, an alloy skeleton and a filler. The method comprises the following steps: 1, preparing a multi-scale C / C composite material; 2, designing and preparing a titanium alloy honeycomb framework; 3, proportioning the multi-scale aerogel; 4, in-mold in-situ gelation; 5, drying and heat treatment; and 6, assembling and solidifying. The porosity of the aerogel is 85-98%, the structure has high rigidity and thermal protection performance, and the aerogel is applied to the field of aerospace thermal protection.

The invention discloses a crosslinked polyethylene low-smoke halogen-free flame-retardant power cable which comprises the following hierarchical structures: a conductor layer; an insulating layer; a shielding layer; the shielding layer takes polyethylene as a matrix and comprises the following components in parts by weight: 70-78 parts of matrix, 20-25 parts of carbon black and 2-5 parts of nano montmorillonite modified lignin, the thickness of the shielding layer is 0.8-1.2 mm, the shielding layer and the insulating layer are molded through a co-extrusion process, and the interface gap is less than or equal to 0.1 mm. The nano montmorillonite modified lignin is adopted as a core flame retardant, the addition amount is reduced by 10%-15% compared with that of a traditional halogen-free flame retardant, by taking a 120 mm civil cable as an example, 18 parts of modified lignin replace 25 parts of a traditional flame retardant with the same flame retardant effect, the raw material cost is reduced by 8%-12%, lignin is derived from agricultural and forestry wastes, dependence on a petroleum-based material is reduced, and the environment-friendly flame-retardant cable material is suitable for industrial production. The gradient cooling process shortens the cooling time by 20%-30% compared with the traditional single-section cold water cooling process, and meanwhile, the pre-crosslinking process reduces the subsequent forming internal stress and reduces the rejection rate.

The invention discloses an inorganic sepiolite nanofiber prepared from epoxy grafted modified sepiolite, and the structural formula of the inorganic sepiolite nanofiber is shown in the specification, wherein R represents a group of epoxy resin; the sepiolite is subjected to multiple modification, so that the specific surface area of the sepiolite is increased, and the stability, dispersity and compatibility of the sepiolite in an organic polymer are improved. The surface of the modified sepiolite has rich epoxy groups, when the sepiolite is used for a waterborne epoxy coating, epoxy on the surface of the modified sepiolite and waterborne epoxy can be reacted and combined together as long as a curing agent is added, the binding force of the sepiolite and the epoxy is further enhanced, the modified sepiolite is dispersed more uniformly in the demulsified epoxy, and the enhancement effect is better. And the modified sepiolite can also be directly used as a coating, only the curing agent needs to be added at the moment, and the curing agent can react with epoxy grafted with the modified sepiolite to form a consolidated sepiolite fiber network.

The invention provides a silicon negative electrode material, a preparation method and a lithium ion battery, and relates to the technical field of battery negative electrode materials. Stable lithium compound nano-particles are deposited or converted on the inner wall of porous carbon, silicon or silicon oxide or silicon-lithium alloy is induced to form nano-particles in the vapor deposition process, and the nano-particles are distributed with the lithium compound nano-particles as the center. The lithium compound has a high boiling point, can stably provide crystallization sites for silicon during vapor deposition, and prevents agglomeration of silicon nanoparticles; the inorganic lithium compound is a lithium ion conductor, has high mechanical strength, can improve the dynamics of the silicon negative electrode during lithium intercalation and deintercalation, and slows down the expansion of the silicon negative electrode.

The invention discloses a graded graphitization degree porous carbon material, a preparation method and application, the graded graphitization degree porous carbon material comprises an inner layer low graphitization area, a middle layer transition area and an outer layer high graphitization area from inside to outside, the preparation method comprises the following steps: S1, carbonizing a carbon source to obtain a carbon precursor, and activating the carbon precursor to obtain activated carbon; a porous carbon skeleton is obtained; and S2, under the atmosphere of H2 / Ar mixed gas, carrying out high-temperature treatment on the porous carbon skeleton to obtain the graded graphitization degree porous carbon material. The invention discloses a graded graphitization degree porous carbon material and a silicon-carbon composite negative electrode material prepared by taking the graded graphitization degree porous carbon material as a substrate, and through spatial design of the graphitization degree of the porous carbon substrate, the silicon-carbon performance is synergistically improved in the atomic scale (interlayer spacing regulation and control) and the microscale (pore structure optimization); a battery assembled by the silicon-carbon composite negative electrode material has excellent cycling stability and rate capability, and also has relatively high initial specific capacity and initial coulombic efficiency.

Silicon-carbon composites obtainable by a process comprising the following steps: Step 1: Provision of one or more porous carbon particles, wherein the porous carbon particles (i) covalent organic framework compounds (COFs) are, (ii) a mean electrical particle resistance of at least 0.5 MΩ, (iii) a reversible delthiation capacity β of not more than 100 mAh / g and (iv) exhibit a mass loss of no more than 10 wt.% up to 380°C, Step 2: Thermal deposition of silicon from one or more gaseous silicon precursor(s) in the pores and / or on the surface of the porous carbon particles and, if applicable, Step 3: Deposition of additional carbon in the pores and / or on the outer surface of the silicon-carbon composites if the silicon-carbon composites after Step 2 have a specific surface area above 50 m²2 / g, wherein the silicon-carbon composites after step 2 and, if applicable, step 3 a) a specific surface area of ​​at most 50 m² 2 / g and b) have an average electrical particle resistance of at least 0.5 MΩ. Furthermore, a method for producing the silicon-carbon composites according to the invention, their use as active materials in anodes for lithium-ion batteries, anodes containing these silicon-carbon composites, and lithium-ion batteries comprising anodes containing these silicon-carbon composites are the subject of the present invention.

The invention relates to the technical field of battery negative electrode materials, in particular to irregular spherical porous carbon and a preparation method and application thereof, and a silicon-carbon composite material and a preparation method and application thereof. The liquid phenolic resin is emulsified, compounded, cross-linked and cured under the condition of an oil-soluble and water-soluble compound emulsifier, meanwhile, the shape of the obtained resin is changed in an ultrasonic-assisted mode under the combined action of ultrasonic disturbance and different interfacial tensions, spherical resin is adjusted into irregular spherical resin, and the spherical resin is prepared into the irregular spherical resin. And performing pyrolysis and gas activation to obtain the irregular porous spherical carbon. Compared with spherical carbon, the irregular spherical carbon prepared by the invention has the advantages that on the premise of keeping the strength of the spherical carbon, the irregular spherical carbon can increase the contact area between carbon particles and a binder, and the carbon particles and the binder are not easy to separate, so that the cycling stability of a battery (especially a lithium ion battery) is improved.

The invention belongs to the technical field of environment-friendly materials and wastewater treatment, and particularly relates to a tungsten slag-based fluorine removal agent and a preparation method thereof.The preparation method of the tungsten slag-based fluorine removal agent comprises the following steps that S1, tungsten slag and lithium slag are obtained; s2, sequentially drying, grinding and sieving the tungsten slag to obtain a first raw material, and sequentially drying, grinding and sieving the lithium slag to obtain a second raw material; s3, mixing the first raw material, the second raw material and water according to a certain proportion to obtain a slag-water mixture; s4, the slag-water mixture is adjusted to be acidic, the slag-water mixture is subjected to a hydrothermal synthesis reaction, washing and drying are conducted after filtering, and the tungsten slag-based fluorine removal agent is obtained; according to the method, the tungsten slag and the lithium slag are mixed, then the tungsten slag-based fluorine removal agent is synthesized through the hydrothermal method, the obvious removal effect on fluorine in waste water is achieved, the purpose of treating waste with waste is achieved, and high-value utilization of the tungsten slag and the lithium slag is achieved.

The invention relates to the technical field of biological separation materials, and discloses an amine-functionalized magnetic nano composite material and application thereof in protein separation and purification. The material has a core-shell structure and comprises a magnetic ferroferric oxide nano core, an ordered mesoporous silicon dioxide intermediate layer and a covalent grafted polyethyleneimine functional layer. By controlling the matching relationship between the pore diameter of mesopores and the molecular size of the polymer and adopting a crosslinking strategy, the material has high magnetic responsiveness, rapid mass transfer performance and high-density surface amino groups. The material shows high adsorption capacity, rapid adsorption kinetics and good cycle stability in the protein separation process, and is suitable for enrichment purification and metal chelating affinity separation of protein in a biological sample. According to the invention, the technical problems of low protein adsorption capacity, slow dynamics and poor cycling stability caused by compact shell layer, non-uniform amino distribution and limited mass transfer of the existing amine functionalized magnetic material are solved.

The invention discloses a method for preparing a graded porous structure Si-C composite material based on a double-template method, and belongs to the technical field of lithium ion battery negative electrode materials. The method specifically comprises the following steps: (1) silicon waste pretreatment; (2) preparing a double-template / carbon source precursor mixture; (3) sealing, transferring and charging; (4) carrying out in-situ reduction, carbonization and pore forming; (5) template removal and post-treatment; (6) solvent replacement; and (7) drying. The invention relates to a method for preparing a carbon-coated silicon-based composite material (Si-C) with a hierarchical porous structure by using silicon waste (SSW) generated by diamond wire cutting in the photovoltaic industry as a raw material through an innovative synergistic double-template method. When the material prepared by the method is used for a lithium ion battery negative electrode, the key problems of serious volume expansion and short cycle life of a silicon-based material can be solved, and meanwhile, high-added-value resource utilization of solid waste is realized.

The invention discloses a porous silicon-carbon composite negative electrode material, a one-step preparation method, a lithium ion battery and application, and belongs to the technical field of lithium ion battery materials, the method comprises the following steps: mixing a silicon source, magnesium powder, a carbon source and a soluble pore forming agent to obtain mixed powder; performing high-energy mechanical ball milling on the mixed powder in an inert atmosphere, and performing acid pickling, high-temperature carbonization treatment, cooling, water washing, suction filtration and drying to obtain the porous silicon-carbon composite negative electrode material; the porous silicon-carbon composite negative electrode material comprises a porous shell formed by amorphous porous carbon and a porous core formed by silicon nanoparticles embedded in the porous shell, the mechanical collision energy generated in the high-energy mechanical ball milling process triggers the low-temperature magnesiothermic reduction reaction between the silicon source and the magnesium powder, the carbon source is attached to the surfaces of silicon particles while the silicon particles are generated, and silicon synthesis, carbon coating and pore forming are synchronously achieved. The silicon-based negative electrode has the advantages of high initial coulombic efficiency, high specific capacity, excellent cycle stability and rate capability, and effectively solves the problems of volume expansion and large-scale preparation of the silicon-based negative electrode.

The invention provides a silica hydrogel, a method for removing the same, and a silica hydrogel film. A silica-based composite material modified by an alkyl amine group NH2L and an organic alkyl group R is prepared by adopting a reversed-phase microemulsion method, and a silica colloid material highly modified by an organic group is obtained by controlling the molar weight of alkyl amine silane and alkyl silane and controlling no use and no contact of any alcohol solvent in the whole preparation process. Adding acetone for demulsification, centrifugally collecting, washing solids, drying to obtain a solid silicon dioxide colloid material, and dissolving the solid silicon dioxide colloid material in deionized water to obtain the silicon dioxide hydrogel. The silica hydrogel has solubility in an alcohol solvent and can be removed by the alcohol solvent. The silicon dioxide hydrogel can be combined on the surface of a membrane material to obtain a silicon dioxide hydrogel membrane.

The invention relates to the field of industrial silicon melt purification, and discloses an industrial silicon melt purification method based on directional solidification and composite adsorption, which comprises the following steps: S1, multi-stage directional solidification pre-enrichment: carrying out primary directional solidification treatment on an industrial silicon melt, and controlling the solidification rate to be 0.5-5mm / min and the temperature gradient parameter, most of metal impurities in the melt are pre-enriched in a specific area; s2, dynamic targeted adsorption: in or after the primary directional solidification process, an efficient composite adsorbent is dynamically and continuously added into an impurity-rich area of the melt or the whole melt in batches, and the composite adsorbent has selective adsorption capacity for different impurities; and S3, intelligent regulation and control: constructing a full-flow adaptive intelligent dynamic regulation and control system based on digital twinning and AI algorithms. Compared with the prior art, the method has the advantages that the impurities are efficiently and stably removed, the grain structure is accurately modified, and meanwhile, the green and low-carbon production target is achieved.

The invention relates to the technical field of lithium ion battery negative electrode materials, in particular to a silicon-carbon negative electrode material based on spherical-like resin porous carbon and a preparation method thereof.The method comprises the steps that resin and an emulsifier are fully reacted, solid resin microspheres are obtained after treatment, then high-temperature carbonization is conducted, potassium hydroxide activation is conducted after smashing, and the spherical-like resin porous carbon-based silicon-carbon negative electrode material is obtained; and carrying out acid washing to obtain the spheroidic porous carbon. And the silicon-carbon negative electrode material is obtained after vapor deposition, and the material is particularly suitable for a high-energy-density power battery.

The invention relates to a renewable industrial flue gas carbon dioxide adsorbent and a preparation method thereof. The method comprises the following steps: S1, mixing alkali metal, an aluminum oxide precursor, silicon oxide and a first solvent, or mixing an alkali metal solution, the aluminum oxide precursor, the silicon oxide and an optional second solvent, and then molding the mixed material to obtain microsphere particles; s2, mixing the microsphere particles and organic amine, and carrying out first loading treatment and drying treatment to obtain an organic amine loaded material; s3, roasting the organic amine-loaded material, mixing the obtained roasted material with a carrier material, and carrying out second loading treatment, so as to obtain the carbon dioxide adsorbent, the carrier material is selected from at least one of polystyrene-polyacrylic acid-polyethylene oxide, polymethyl methacrylate-b-polystyrene, zirconium oxide and a porous ceramic material. The carbon dioxide adsorbent is relatively high in adsorption capacity and relatively good in selectivity, reproducibility and stability; and large-scale industrial production and application are facilitated.

The invention provides a porous carbon material, a negative electrode material, a manufacturing method of the negative electrode material, a negative electrode, a battery and equipment, the porous carbon material is provided with a plurality of open pores, the open pores are used for loading a silicon material, the plurality of open pores are uniformly distributed in the porous carbon material, and the open pores comprise micropores and mesopores; wherein the mesopores comprise at least one aperture range, and the range of each aperture range is less than or equal to 1nm. The open pores in the porous carbon material are uniformly distributed, the open pores comprise micropores and mesopores with small pore diameter range, and the mesopores can increase the pore volume of the porous carbon material, so that the negative electrode material formed by the open pore loaded silicon material in the porous carbon material has high specific capacity. In addition, a plurality of pores which are formed by the plurality of open pores and are used as reserved spaces for volume expansion of the silicon material are also uniformly distributed in the negative electrode material, and the pore diameter range of the plurality of pores is relatively small, so that the situation that the negative electrode material is broken due to concentrated stress can be avoided, and the structural stability of the negative electrode material is ensured.

The invention discloses a negative electrode material and a preparation method thereof, a secondary battery and an electronic device, and belongs to the technical field of energy storage. The negative electrode material comprises silicon carbon particles; the silicon carbon particles comprise a first to-be-detected area and a second to-be-detected area; based on the mass sum of the silicon element and the carbon element in the first to-be-detected area, the mass ratio of the silicon element in the first to-be-detected area is X1%; based on the mass sum of the silicon element and the carbon element in the second to-be-detected area, the mass ratio of the silicon element in the second to-be-detected area is X2%; and 0 < X1 / X2 < = 0.62. The silicon content of the first to-be-detected area (surface layer) and the second to-be-detected area (inside) of the silicon-carbon particles is regulated and controlled to accord with the relationship, so that the polarization phenomenon can be restrained under the fast charging condition, the thermal runaway risk is reduced, and the fast charging performance and the thermal safety performance of the secondary battery are improved.

The invention discloses a low-cost high-first-effect micron silicon negative electrode material and a preparation method and application thereof. The preparation method comprises the following steps: treating the surface of micron silicon by adopting an oxidant solution to form a silicon dioxide passivation layer, and then carrying out surface modification by using a silane coupling agent; the method comprises the following steps: performing acid-base alternate soaking treatment on a biomass carbon source to reduce the content of metal impurities; mixing the delimed biomass carbon source, the composite carbon source and the pretreated micron silicon, firstly adding a weak acid catalyst for hydrothermal reaction to form a hard carbon inner layer, then adding a weak base catalyst for regulating the pH value of the system to alkalescence in batches, and continuing hydrothermal reaction to form a soft carbon outer layer; and washing and drying the product, and carrying out carbonization treatment in an inert atmosphere to obtain the composite coated micron silicon material. The first efficiency of the material is greater than or equal to 92%, the 1C 1000-time circulation capacity retention ratio is greater than or equal to 82%, the raw material cost is low, the process is simple, and the material is suitable for lithium ion batteries in the fields of power, energy storage and consumer electronics.

The invention provides a silicon-based solid amine honeycomb adsorbent and a preparation method thereof. The preparation method of the silicon-based solid amine honeycomb adsorbent comprises the following steps: modifying organic glue: modifying the organic glue and a first coupling agent in a non-polar solvent to obtain modified organic glue; preparing slurry: mixing the silicon-based solid amine powder with water, adding a first dispersing agent and a defoaming agent, and uniformly stirring; then, sequentially adding the modified organic glue and the inorganic glue, and continuously stirring uniformly to obtain silicon-based solid amine slurry; constructing a film-forming system: adding a film-forming agent and a second dispersing agent into the silicon-based solid amine slurry, and stirring to construct the film-forming system; and substrate loading: loading the film forming system on a glass fiber substrate to prepare the silicon-based solid amine honeycomb adsorbent. The silicon-based solid amine powder is uniformly dispersed in the slurry through the synergistic stabilization effect of the film-forming agent and the dispersing agent, and a feasible scheme is provided for low-cost and large-scale preparation of the high-performance solid amine coating module.

The invention relates to the technical field of lithium ion batteries, and discloses a negative electrode material, which comprises a negative electrode active material, the negative electrode active material comprises a silicon carbon material, the silicon carbon material comprises a carbon skeleton doped with a nitrogen element and silicon-based particles arranged on the carbon skeleton material, the intensity ratio ID / IG of a D peak to a G peak in a Raman spectrum of the carbon skeleton carbon material is less than or equal to 1, and the intensity ratio ID / IG is less than or equal to 1. The mass percentage content of the silicon element in the silicon-carbon material is 30%-55%; wherein the carbon framework material is provided with a plurality of first holes, a plurality of second holes and a plurality of third holes, the hole diameter of the first holes is smaller than that of the second holes, the hole diameter of the second holes is smaller than that of the third holes, and the ratio VR of the volume of the first holes to the volume of the carbon framework material is larger than or equal to 70%, so that the average hole diameter of the carbon framework material ranges from 2 nm to 5 nm. Therefore, the lithium ion diffusion rate and the electronic conductivity can be effectively improved, so that the rate capability and the cycle performance of the lithium ion battery in a low-temperature environment are improved. The invention also discloses a preparation method of the negative electrode material, a negative electrode plate and a lithium ion battery.

The invention provides a silicon-doped aluminum-based lithium adsorbent as well as a preparation method and application thereof, and belongs to the technical field of lithium adsorbents. The preparation method comprises the following steps: mixing a lithium source, a lithium source and a silicon source, and carrying out a co-precipitation reaction with an alkali solution to obtain the silicon-doped aluminum-based lithium adsorbent. The prepared silicon-doped aluminum-based lithium adsorbent has a high specific surface area and a good pore structure, meanwhile, the poisoning phenomenon of an aluminum adsorbent in sulfuric acid type brine is effectively relieved, and the adsorption performance of the adsorbent is improved. And the method is simple to operate, easy to recycle, low in cost, green, environment-friendly and wide in application range, and has a good industrial prospect.

The application provides sodium zirconium cyclosilicate with controlled particle size distribution, which has less particles less than 3 microns, thereby improving drug safety, and has more than 95% ZS-9 crystal form, thereby having high KEC, and ensuring drug efficacy. The application further provides a preparation method and use of the sodium zirconium cyclosilicate.

The invention belongs to the technical field of aerogel, and relates to a method for preparing aerogel by carbon dioxide supercritical drying based on gradient drying control, which comprises the following steps: preparing basic catalytic liquid, preparing silica sol, gelatinizing and aging, performing surface modification, pretreating a drying system, placing and sealing materials, replacing and boosting carbon dioxide, and performing gradient depressurization and material taking. After pressure reduction is completed, aerogel is obtained; by accurately controlling the temperature, the pressure and the pressure increasing and decreasing rate in the carbon dioxide supercritical drying process, skeleton collapse and size shrinkage caused by capillary stress are effectively avoided, and the morphology retentivity and the structural integrity of the aerogel are remarkably improved. The obtained aerogel is light blue and semitransparent, has no cracks on the surface, has the specific surface area of more than or equal to 850m < 2 > / g and the heat conductivity of less than or equal to 0.020 W / (m.K), has excellent heat insulation performance, structural stability and mechanical strength, and is suitable for the fields of building energy conservation, aerospace, microelectronic packaging, flexible heat management and the like.

The invention relates to a preparation method of silicon dioxide-boron nitride nanobelt aerogel, which comprises the following steps: dissolving melamine and boric acid in a co-solvent of tert-butyl alcohol and hot deionized water, stirring and mixing, carrying out ultrasonic treatment, freeze-drying and the like to obtain a melamine-boric acid aerogel precursor, placing the precursor in a tubular furnace, and carrying out vacuum drying to obtain the silicon dioxide-boron nitride nanobelt aerogel. Pyrolyzing in an ammonia gas atmosphere to obtain boron nitride nanobelt aerogel; and placing the boron nitride nanobelt aerogel in a xylene solution containing tetraethoxysilane and silicon tetrachloride, taking out the boron nitride nanobelt aerogel, and drying the boron nitride nanobelt aerogel. And hydrolyzing and pyrolyzing in an inert atmosphere to form a silicon dioxide layer on the surface, thereby obtaining the silicon dioxide-boron nitride nanobelt aerogel. The silicon dioxide and boron nitride nanobelt aerogel is low in density and excellent in mechanical property and oxidation resistance.

The invention relates to the cross technical field of industrial solid waste resource utilization and environmental pollution abatement, and discloses a modified fly ash environmental remediation material as well as a preparation method and application thereof. According to the material, industrial solid waste fly ash is used as a raw material, a glass body structure is destroyed through physical or chemical modification treatment, the specific surface area is increased, active functional groups such as surface hydroxyl groups are enriched, and the adsorption and fixation capacity on heavy metal lead (Pb < 2 + >) and cadmium (Cd < 2 + >) is remarkably improved. The chemical modification adopts an acid solution or an alkali solution, and the preparation method comprises the steps of raw material pretreatment, modification reaction, solid-liquid separation and washing, and drying and screening. When the material is applied to heavy metal contaminated soil remediation, heavy metal in an ion exchange state is promoted to be converted into a stable residue state, the bioavailability and the leaching risk of the heavy metal are remarkably reduced, meanwhile, high-added-value resource utilization of the fly ash is achieved, and the material has environmental, economic and social benefits and is suitable for large-scale remediation of Pb and Cd single or combined contaminated soil.

The invention belongs to the technical field of PE (polyethylene) film anti-blocking agents, and particularly relates to a preparation method of silicon dioxide for a high-transparency and high-dispersion type PE anti-blocking agent. Under the condition that the pH value and the temperature are controlled, a water glass solution and a sulfuric acid solution are dropwise added into a reaction tank at the same time for reaction, and after aging, filtering, washing, spray drying and airflow crushing are performed to obtain the silicon dioxide for the high-specific-surface-area and high-dispersion type PE transparent anti-blocking agent. The obtained product has the characteristics of high transparency, high dispersion, high specific surface area and the like, meanwhile, the method provided by the invention is simple in steps and low in cost, and the obtained product is safe and non-toxic and is suitable for industrial mass production.

The invention discloses a process method for preparing aerogel by using gasified slag through a wet process, which realizes high-valued resource utilization of solid wastes, reduces production energy consumption and production cost, and reduces the influence on the environment at the same time. According to the method, the activated silicon-rich waste residues are adopted as raw materials, original crystalline phase silicon in the activated silicon-rich waste residues is converted into active amorphous silicate, the active amorphous silicate can efficiently react with alkali liquor under the low-temperature and normal-pressure conditions to generate a sodium silicate solution, dependence on a high-energy-consumption roasting process is eliminated, energy consumption is reduced by 40% or above, meanwhile, a large number of impurities and metal ions do not exist, and the method is environmentally friendly. The preparation method comprises the following steps: performing alkaline leaching on activated silicon-rich waste residues to obtain a sodium silicate solution which does not need secondary concentration, performing sol-gel reaction, aging reaction, solvent exchange reaction and hydrophobic modification treatment, and finally performing washing and drying to synthesize the hydrophobic silicon dioxide aerogel with high additional value. And the silica aerogel with different densities and specific surface areas is prepared by adjusting parameters such as aging time, aging temperature, modifier concentration and the like.

The invention discloses a double-carbon-layer-coated spherical silicon carbon material which is characterized in that spherical silicon carbon is used as an inner core, the outer surface of the spherical silicon carbon is sequentially coated with an isotropic hard carbon layer and a composite carbon layer, and the isotropic hard carbon layer and the composite carbon layer form a double-layer carbon coating layer; the spherical silicon carbon is a composite porous carbon microsphere in which disordered silicon is uniformly distributed and the surface is provided with a silicon-oxygen layer; the composite porous carbon microspheres comprise isotropic soft carbon and isotropic hard carbon, and the composite carbon layer comprises graphitized carbon and isotropic soft carbon; the mass of the isotropic soft carbon and the isotropic hard carbon in the composite porous carbon microspheres accounts for 42%-76% of the mass of the double-carbon-layer-coated spherical silicon carbon material, and the mass of the disordered silicon accounts for 22%-76% of the mass of the double-carbon-layer-coated spherical silicon carbon material; the oxygen element accounts for 0.1-2% of the mass of the double-carbon-layer-coated spherical silicon carbon material; the nitrogen element accounts for 0-0.08% of the mass of the double-carbon-layer-coated spherical silicon carbon material; the comprehensive performance of the silicon-carbon negative electrode material, the rate capability of the battery and the capacity reversibility are improved.

The invention discloses a sodium ion adsorbent which comprises the following components: 30 to 55 weight percent of SiO2, 0 to 30 weight percent of Al2O3, 0 to 30 weight percent of TiO2, 30 to 60 weight percent of K2O and 0 to 5 weight percent of Re2O3 or / and ZrO2, the Re2O3 is one or more of Gd2O3, Yb2O3, La2O3 and Y2O3, and the Al2O3 and TiO2 are not 0 at the same time.