16019results about How to "Improve conversion efficiency" patented technology

An organic EL element includes an organometallic complex including a rhenium atom; one ligand which has a coordinated nitrogen atom and a coordinated oxygen atom, each coordinated with the rhenium atom, and has at least one π conjugation part; and the other ligand coordinated with the rhenium atom in such a way that the ligand saturates the coordination number of the rhenium atom and the charge of the whole organometallic complex is neutral.

A semiconductor light emitting device comprising a light emitting layer disposed between an n-type region and a p-type region is combined with a ceramic layer which is disposed in a path of light emitted by the light emitting layer. The ceramic layer is composed of or includes a wavelength converting material such as a phosphor. Luminescent ceramic layers according to embodiments of the invention may be more robust and less sensitive to temperature than prior art phosphor layers. In addition, luminescent ceramics may exhibit less scattering and may therefore increase the conversion efficiency over prior art phosphor layers.

A semiconductor light emitting device comprising a light emitting layer disposed between an n-type region and a p-type region is combined with a ceramic layer which is disposed in a path of light emitted by the light emitting layer. The ceramic layer is composed of or includes a wavelength converting material such as a phosphor. Luminescent ceramic layers according to embodiments of the invention may be more robust and less sensitive to temperature than prior art phosphor layers. In addition, luminescent ceramics may exhibit less scattering and may therefore increase the conversion efficiency over prior art phosphor layers.

A method and apparatus is provided for a multiple light-source illuminating device, the design and construction of which is derived from the lighting requirements of a specific lighting application. The resulting illuminating device (16) provides illumination according to the principles of lighting practice for the optimal performance of visual tasks. Coupling with sensors (21) and logical control (20) allows illumination intensity and spectrum to be varied according to changing user needs. The illuminating device includes multiple discrete light emitting components of different spatial intensity distribution and color spectrum mounted in specific orientations such that the application oriented combined lighting effect is created. The control is provided via a differentiated power supply (19) capable of affecting the current, voltage and duty cycle determining the relative contribution of each light source effecting a different spatial intensity distribution and color spectrum.

Cylinder deactivation is a proven solution to improve engine fuel efficiency. The present invention is related to Dynamic Cylinder Deactivation (DCD) solution to conventional internal combustion engine. DCD is an energy saving method based on engine thermodynamics and residual heat recovery. It deactivates all the cylinders within the engine alternatively and dynamically, totally different from traditional sealed-valves cylinder deactivation solutions. DCD has many advantages over traditional sealed-valves cylinder deactivation. Thermodynamic efficiency gain, residual heat recovery, high Lambda and “Air-Hybrid” are the most attractive features of DCD. DCD also makes engine displacement variable.

A monolithic semiconductor photovoltaic solar cell comprising a plurality of subcells disposed in series on an electrically conductive substrate. At least one subcell of the plurality of subcells includes an epitaxially grown self-assembled quantum dot material. The subcells are electrically connected via tunnel junctions. Each of the subcells has an effective bandgap energy. The subcells are disposed in order of increasing effective bangap energy, with the subcell having the lowest effective bandgap energy being closest to the substrate. In certain cases, each subcell is designed to absorb a substantially same amount of solar photons.

In order to realize liquid crystal display devices having a wide viewing angle and reduce the absorption loss by polarizers and color filters, and arrangement of reflective color selective means, reflective polarizing selective means, a light control element, and others are specified. The liquid crystal display device able to produce a display of high performance and improved brightness is formed of liquid crystal display elements 20 for controlling polarizing light so that the major axis direction of a pixel is arranged approximately in parallel with a direction wherein the linearly polarized light component of the projected light projected from said illumination device is high; an illumination device 50 arranged at a rear plane of the liquid crystal display element; a reflector 54 arranged at a rear plane of the illumination device; light control elements 40 and reflective polarizing selective means 30 arranged between the liquid crystal display element and the illumination device; and a screen arranged at an opposite side relative to the illumination device of the liquid crystal display element.

A catalyst for treating exhaust gas from an internal combustion engine includes a carrier body coated with an inner layer and an outer layer. The inner layer includes platinum deposited on a first support material and on a first oxygen storage component, and the outer layer includes platinum and rhodium deposited on a second support material and on a second oxygen storage component. The first and second support materials may be the same or different, and may be selected from the group of: silica, alumina, titania, zirconia, mixed oxides or mixtures thereof, and zirconia-rich zirconia / ceria mixed oxide. The first and second oxygen storage components may include ceria-rich ceria / zirconia mixed oxide compounds, optionally including praseodymia, yttria, neodymia, lanthana or mixtures thereof.

A family of soft-switched, full-bridge pulse-width-modulated (FB PWM) converters provides zero-voltage-switching (ZVS) conditions for the turn-on of the bridge switches over a wide range of input voltage and output load. The FB PWM converters of this family achieve ZVS with the minimum duty cycle loss and circulating current, which optimizes the conversion efficiency. The ZVS of the primary switches is achieved by employing two magnetic components whose volt-second products change in the opposite directions with a change in phase shift between the two bridge legs. One magnetic component always operates as a transformer, where the other magnetic component can either be a coupled inductor, or uncoupled (single-winding) inductor. The transformer is used to provide isolated output(s), whereas the inductor is used to store the energy for ZVS.

PCT No. PCT / JP96 / 01775 Sec. 371 Date Jan. 31, 1997 Sec. 102(e) Date Jan. 31, 1997 PCT Filed Jun. 26, 1996 PCT Pub. No. WO97 / 01863 PCT Pub. Date Jan. 16, 1997A crystalline semiconductor layer can be formed by forming a semiconductor film on an inexpensive conventional substrate. Next, perform a first annealing process in which nearly the entire surface of the semiconductor film is exposed to laser irradiation or other forms of irradiation, and then perform a second annealing process consisting of rapid thermal annealing. This enables the formation of a high quality crystalline semiconductor film with high throughput but without subjecting the substrate to undue thermal stress. When this invention is applied to thin film transistors, good transistors having high performance are easily fabricated. When this invention is applied to solar cells, energy conversion efficiency is increased.

A process for integrating a DNA fragment into the genome of a cell of a monocotyledonous plant, the process comprising the steps of: 1) incubating, prior to contacting with the DNA fragment, a culture of untransformed monocotyledonous plant cells on a medium comprising a plant phenolic compound, for a period of time sufficient to stimulate cell division and enhance competence for integration of foreign DNA; and 2) contacting the untransformed cells with the DNA fragment under conditions in which the DNA fragment is taken up by the untransformed cells and is stably integrated in the genome of the untransformed cells, to generate transformed cells.

A radiant energy concentrating or collimating system comprising an enclosure that shields its contents from environmental effects while allowing radiant energy to transmit through its top window; a plurality of energy concentrating or collimating assemblies, each on its own pivot mechanism and each comprising a plurality of optics, a support structure and an energy conversion device that is mounted on a heat dissipating structure; a drive mechanism controlled by a microprocessor to rotate the said energy concentrating or collimating assemblies on two orthogonal axes in unison so the assemblies are oriented towards desired direction at any given time.

An improved Monolithic Microwave Integrated Circuit DC-to-DC voltage converter fabricated in GaAs MESFET technology is introduced. The converter comprises a differential oscillator having crossed-coupled symmetrical inductors that ensure low-noise operation. The converter further comprises a highly-efficient synchronous rectifier and a start-up enable circuit.

A switching power supply device may include a switching element for switching an input direct-current power, a smoothing section for smoothing and then outputting the direct-current power switched by the switching element, a square wave generating section for generating a square wave with a constant duty cycle to control switching by the switching element, and a control section for watching an output voltage of the smoothing section to control a period of generating the square wave generated by the square wave generating section so that the output voltage may be organized within a certain range.

A two-stage power converter that dynamically adjusts to output current requirements includes a first stage regulator that provides power to a second stage regulator. The first stage can be a buck converter, and the second stage can be a multiple-phase buck converter. The output voltage of the first stage (intermediate bus voltage Vbus) is varied according to the load current to optimize conversion efficiency. To provide maximum efficiency, the Vbus voltage is increased as load current increases. The Vbus voltage provided by the first stage can be varied by duty cycle or operating frequency control. In another embodiment, the switching frequency of the second stage is varied as output current changes so that output current ripple is held constant. In an embodiment employing a multiple-phase buck converter in the second stage, the number of operating phases are varied as output current changes.

Sensors and detection systems suitable for measuring analytes, such as biomolecule, organic and inorganic species, including environmentally and medically relevant volatiles and gases, such as NO, NO2, CO2, NH3, H2, CO and the like, are provided. Certain embodiments of nanostructured sensor systems are configured for measurement of medically important gases in breath. Applications include the measurement of endogenous nitric oxide (NO) in breath, such as for the monitoring or diagnosis of asthma and other pulmonary conditions.

A liquid crystal display device includes an illumination device, a light control element arranged at a projected light side of the illumination device, a reflective polarizer arranged at an upper portion of the light control element so that the transmission axis of polarized light is adjusted, a liquid crystal display element for controlling polarization of projected light projected from the reflective polarizer, and a screen arranged at an upper portion of the liquid crystal display element. The light control element includes an isotropic medium without birefringence.

Objects are to provide a semiconductor device for high power application in which a novel semiconductor material having high productivity is used and to provide a semiconductor device having a novel structure in which a novel semiconductor material is used. The present invention is a vertical transistor and a vertical diode each of which has a stacked body of an oxide semiconductor in which a first oxide semiconductor film having crystallinity and a second oxide semiconductor film having crystallinity are stacked. An impurity serving as an electron donor (donor) which is contained in the stacked body of an oxide semiconductor is removed in a step of crystal growth; therefore, the stacked body of an oxide semiconductor is highly purified and is an intrinsic semiconductor or a substantially intrinsic semiconductor whose carrier density is low. The stacked body of an oxide semiconductor has a wider band gap than a silicon semiconductor.

A thermoelectric module comprising an N-type thermoelectric element having excellent characteristics in atmospheric air even when the temperature rises to a medium-to-high temperature region of about 500° C. and, further, improving the conversion efficiency of a thermoelectric module, by the combination of an excellent P-type thermoelectric material and an excellent n-type thermoelectric material containing a compound having a skutterudite structure, the module comprising an N-type thermoelectric elements each containing a compound having a skutterudite structure, P-type thermoelectric elements each connected directly or by way of a metal member to the N-type thermoelectric elements and containing an Mn-Si series compound,

The invention provides an optoelectronic device comprising a mixed-anion perovskite, wherein the mixed-anion perovskite comprises two or more different anions selected from halide anions and chalcogenide anions. The invention further provides a mixed halide perovskite of the formula (I) [A][B][X]3 wherein: [A] is at least one organic cation; [B] is at least one divalent metal cation; and [X] is said two or more different halide anions. In another aspect, the invention provides the use of a mixed-anion perovskite as a sensitizer in an optoelectronic device, wherein the mixed-anion perovskite comprises two or more different anions selected from halide anions and chalcogenide anions. The invention also provides a photosensitizing material for an optoelectronic device comprising a mixed-anion perovskite wherein the mixed-anion perovskite comprises two or more different anions selected from halide anions and chalcogenide anions.

An integral method for realizing parallel generation and network reactive power compensation at the same time is based on the transient reactive power theory applying park transfer to transform a three phase inverter output current to a rotation dq coordinate to realize separation of active current and reactive current to convert the DC current of the photovoltaic to AC current by controlling the currents and directions carry out reactive power compensation to the local network. When a photovoltaic battery has enough energy to output, it realizes parallel generation and reactive compensation at the same time, when it stops the output, the inverter compensates the network independently.

A deposition system and process for the formation of thin film materials. In one embodiment, the process includes forming an initial plasma from a first material stream and allowing the plasma to evolve in space and / or time to extinguish species that are detrimental to the quality of the thin film material. After the initial plasma evolves to an optimum state, a second material stream is injected into the deposition chamber to form a composite plasma that contains a distribution of species more conducive to formation of a high quality thin film material. The deposition system includes a deposition chamber having a plurality of delivery points for injecting two or more streams (source materials or carrier gases) into a plasma region. The delivery points are staggered in space to permit an upstream plasma formed from a first material stream deposition source material to evolve before combining a downstream material stream with the plasma. Injection of different material streams is also synchronized in time. The net effect of spatial coordination and time synchronization of material streams is a plasma whose distribution of species is optimized for the deposition of a thin film photovoltaic material at high deposition rates. Delivery devices include nozzles and remote plasma sources.

A light emitting diode with a quasi-omnidirectional reflector comprises a luminescent gel which is coated surrounding a UV light LED chip and a quasi-omnidirectional reflector which is disposed above the luminescent gel. The quasi-omnidirectional reflector is a wild angle cut-off filter which is made by a cooperation of a method for an optical film coating and a property of a total reflection. According to the property of the optical film coating, a light with an incident angle smaller than a critical angle can be reflected, such that a light form the LED chip is confined in the luminescent gel, which makes the luminescent material is excited as much as possible for improving the conversion efficiency of the light. When this LED chip co-works with different colors of the luminescent gels, different colors of lights are excited and produced.

The invention relates to a photovoltaic cell -DC / DC boost conversion charge method which belongs to battery technique field. The method includes: 1) a portable equipment accumulator voltage is detected by a voltage sensor, when lows to full charge capacity, the voltage sensor makes DC / DC boost converter starting DC / DC conversion, and electricity quantity flows from photovoltaic current to lithium battery for charging; 2) when the portable equipment accumulator is in full charge capacity state, accumulator need not charge again, the voltage sensor makes DC / DC boost converter forbidding DC / DC conversion, thereby, the portable equipment accumulator is protected and over charge phenomena is prevented. The method can be realized simply, and has short reaction time, high efficiency, overvoltage protection and anti-counterblast protection.

A hybrid photovoltaic device comprising a plurality of nanostructures embedded in a matrix of a photosensitive material including one or more layers. A combination of innovative structural aspects of the hybrid photovoltaic device results in significant improvements in collection of incident light from the solar spectrum, better absorption of light, and better collection of the photo-carriers generated in response to the incident light, thereby improving efficiency of the hybrid photovoltaic device.

A surface light source device using light emitting diodes, the device including: a housing having a top opening to emit light; a light emitting diode board disposed on an inner bottom surface of the housing, the board on which a plurality of light emitting diodes are arranged; and a color conversion laminate formed by depositing a plurality of phosphor-mixed resin layers containing phosphors, the layers disposed at a top of the opening of the housing and providing light having different wavelengths.

Embodiments described herein provide optical systems that can mix colors to produce illumination patterns having a large area with uniform color. One embodiment of an optical system can include a set of optical units that each produces an illumination pattern with uniform color and intensity. The optical units are spaced so that the individual illumination patterns overlap to create an overall illumination pattern with an overlap area. In the overlap area, the colors emitted by the individual optical units mix to create a desired color. Embodiments of optical systems can provide beam control so that the optical units emit a high percentage of light in beam.

Film formation is conducted at a low temperature to improve conversion efficiency and productivity and to enable a wider choice of substrate materials to be used. The invention relates to the light absorption layer of a CIS compound semiconductor thin-film solar cell and to a method of forming the layer. The light absorption layer comprises a compound represented by Cux(In1-yGay)(Se1-zSz)2 and having a chalcopyrite type structure, the proportions of the components satisfying 0.86≦x≦0.98, 0.05≦y≦0.25, 0≦z≦0.3, x=αT+β, α=0.015y−0.00025, and β=−7.9y+1.105, provided that T (° C.) is anneal temperature and the allowable range for x is ±0.02. The layer is formed by the selenization method at a low temperature (about 500≦T≦550). As the substrate is used a soda-lime glass having a low melting point.